The squares of natural numbers upto 25 should be memorized by the students.

212= 441 292= 841

222= 484 282= 784
232= 529 272= 729
242=576 262= 676
252= 625

This is an easy way to memorize. As you can see, the numbers in the same row have the
same last 2 digits (441 and 841) and the difference is decreasing from 400 to 300 to 200 to
100.

Square of the numbers ending with the digit 5

Say 752
Step 1: The last 2 digits of the number will be 25 (i.e. 52)
Step 2: The other digits will be the product of the other digits (i.e. 7 is this case) and its next
higher number i.e. 8.
The square of 752 is 5625. Take as many examples as possible.

Base 50n Method here, (n is any natural number)

This method is nothing but the application of (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2.
This can be seen in the following example:
Find the square of 62.
Because this number is close to 50, we will assume 50 as the base.
(62)2 = (50 + 12)2 = (50)2 + 2 x 50 x 12 + (12)2 = 2500 + 1200 + 144
To make it self explanatory a special method of writring is used.
(62)2 = [100's in (Base)]2 + Surplus | Surplus2
= 25 + 12 144 = 38 | 44 [Number before the bar on its left hand side is number of hundreds
and on its right hand side are last two digits of the number.]
(68)2 = 25 + 18|324 = 46 | 24
(76)2 = 25 + 26 | 676 = 57 | 76
(42)2 = 25 - 8 | 64 = 17 | 24 [(a - b)2 = a2 - 2ab + b2]

Find the square of 113.

Since this number is closer to 100, we will take 100 as the base.
(112)2 = (100 + 12)2 = (100)2 + 2 100 12 + (12)2 = 10000 + 2 1200 + 144
(112)2 = [100's in (Base)]2 + 2 x Surplus | Surplus2
= 100 + 2xl2| 122=125|44
Alternatively, we can multiply it directly using base value method.
Had this been 162, we would have multiplied 3 in surplus before adding it into [100's in
(Base)]2 because assumed base here is 150.
(162)2 = [100's in (Base)]2 + 3 x Surplus | Surplus2
= 225 + 3xl2| 122 = 262|44

The squares of numbers from 26 to 50 can be calculated by writing down and adding two
parts as explained below:
The first part is as many times 100 as the number is more than 25, for example in finding
31², as 31 is 6 more than 25, the first part is 100 x 6 = 600
The second part is the square of the number that is as much less than 25 as the number is
more than 25, i.e., in finding 31², the second part is the square of 6 less than 25, i.e., (25 –
6)² = 19² = 361
Hence, 31² = First part + Second part = 600 + 361 = 961
The above method can be summarized as
1. Finding 31²
i. 31 = 25 + 6
ii. 25 – 6  192  361
iii. 312 = 6 x 100 + 361 = 961

2. Finding 33²
i. 33 = 25 + 8
ii. 25 – 8  172  289
iii. 312 = 8 x 100 + 289 = 1089

The squares of numbers from 51 to 75 can be calculated by writing down two parts, each of
which is a two-digit number, adjacent to each other as explained below:
The second part is the two-digit number formed by the two digits which are to the extreme
right of the square of the number by which the given number is more than 50.
For example, in finding 63², as 63 is 13 more than 50, the second part will be the two digits
to the extreme right of 13² (= 169), i.e. 69. Since there are more than two digits in 13², the
digit to the extreme left, i.e., 1, is taken as carry forward and is to be added to the first part.
The first part is the sum of (i) the carry forward, if any, from the second part and (ii) the sum
of 25 (for this range (i.e., 51 to 75) 25 is taken as the base) and the number by which the given
number is more than 50.
As 63 is 13 more than 50, the first part will be
25 + 13 + 1 (carry forward from the second part) = 39
Therefore 63² = 39 69
1. 63² = (25 + 13) / 13² = 38 carryforward+1/ 69 = 38 + 1 / 69 = 39 69

2. 61² = (25 + 11) / 11² = 36 / 21 = 37 21

C.F

3. 56² = (25 + 6) / 6² = 31/36 = 31 36

The squares of numbers from 76 to 100 can be calculated by writing down two parts, each
of which is a two-digit number, adjacent to each other as explained below:
The second part is the two-digit number formed by the two digits to the extreme right of
the square of the number by which the given number is less than 100.
For example in 88², as 88 is 12 less than 100, the second part will be the two digits to the
extreme right of 12²(= 144), i.e., 44. Since there are more than two digits in 12², the digit to
the extreme left, i.e., 1, is taken as carry forward and is to be added to the first part.
The first part is the sum of (i) the carry forward, if any, from the second part and (ii) the
difference between the given number and the number by which the given number is less
than 100. As 88 is 12 less than 100, the first part will be 88 – 12 + 1(carry forward from the
second part) = 77. Therefore, 88² = 77 44

1. 88² = (88 - 12) / 12² = 76 / 44 = (76 + 1) / 44 = 77 44

2. 89² = (89 - 11) / 11² =C.F
78 / 21 = 79 21
3. C.F = 92 16
96² = (96 - 4) / 4² = 92/16

The squares of numbers from 101 to 125 can be calculated by writing down two parts, each
of which is a two-digit number, adjacent to each other as explained below:
The second part is the two-digit number formed by the two digits to the extreme right of
the square of the number by which the given number is more than 100.
For example finding 112², as 112 is 12 more than 100 the second part will be the two digits
of 12² (= 144), i.e., 44. Since there are more than two digits in 12², the digit to the extreme
left, i.e., 1, is taken as carry forward and is to be added to the first part.
The first part is the sum of (i) the carry forward, if any from the second part and (ii) the sum
of the given number and the number by which the given number is more than 100. As 112 is
12 more than 100, the first part will be 112 + 12 + 1(carry forward from the first part) = 125
Therefore, 88² = 125 44

1.112² = (112 + 12) / 12² = 124 / 44 = (124 + 1) / 44 = 125 44

2.113² = (113 + 13) / 13² = 126 / 169 =C.F
127 69
C.F
3.106² = (106 + 6) / 6² = 112/36 = 112 36

Square of the numbers ending with the digit 1

These numbers are very easy to solve. To get the square of any such number just write the
square of the previous number and then add the previous number and the number whose
square is being asked.

For example the square of 21

( ) ( ) ( )
Similarly, ( ) ( ) ( )
and ( ) ( ) ( )
and ( ) ( ) ( )
and ( ) ( ) ( )

and ( ) ( ) ( )

and ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
Another method for 1 is:
312
3 2 / 3  2 / 1  961

612
36 / 12 / 1  3721

Square of the numbers ending with the digit 9:

It is very similar to the previous case. The difference is that here we have to subtract instead
of addition. For example the square of 39

( ) ( ) ( )
=
Similarly, ( ) ( ) ( )
=
and ( ) ( ) ( )

and ( ) ( ) ( )

and ( ) ( ) ( )

In the case of unit digit of 9, we subtract the base square because base is higher than the
number whose square is to be calculated.

Square of the numbers ending with the digit 2 or 8

For example ( ) ( ) ( )

Similarly, ( ) ( ) ( )
=121
and ( ) ( ) ( )

and ( ) ( ) ( )

Square of the numbers ending with the digit 3 or 7

For example ( ) ( ) ( )

Similarly, ( ) ( ) ( )
=25
and ( ) ( ) ( )
=144
 and ( ) ( ) ( )
=25
and ( ) ( ) ( )
=196
and ( ) ( ) ( )
=55225

Square of the numbers ending with the digit 4 or 6

For example ( ) ( ) ( )

or ( ) ( ) ( )

Similarly, ( ) ( ) ( )
=1225
and, ( ) ( ) ( )
=15625

In general square of any umber can be found by using the square of any convenient
umber as base square e.g., the umbers whose unit digit is either 0 or 5, since the square of
these numbers is easy to find and learn. However we can calculate the square by
considering any base square. For example if

( ) ( ) ( )
or ( ) ( ) ( )

or ( ) ( ) ( )

or ( ) ( ) ( )

Now, it can be generalized as :

If N is the number whose square is to be calculated and B is the base and d is
difference between N and B then

( ) ( ) ( ) when
or ( ) ( ) when

Properties of Squares
a) Last digit of a square number

Last digit of the original number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Last digit of the square number 0 1 4 9 6 5 6 9 4 1

The numbers with unit digit 0,1,5 and 6 always give the same unit digits respectively, on
squaring of a number.
The numbers with unit digit 1 and 9 always give the unit digit as 1, on squaring of a number.
The numbers with unit digit 2 and 8 always give the unit digit as 4, on squaring of a number.
The numbers with unit digit 3 and 7 always give the unit digit as 9, on squaring of a number.
The numbers with unit digit 4 and 6 always give the unit digit as 6, on squaring of a number.
2, 3, 7 and 8 never appear as unit digit in the square of a number.

b) A square number will never end with odd number of zeroes. So a square number will
never end with 1 or 3 or 5 etc zeroes. Also for a square number ending with zeroes,
the preceding digits or the non zero portion of the number must also form a square.
c) If the last digit of a square number is 5, then 2nd last digit has to be 2, and the
preceding digits (other than 25) must be 0, 2, 06, or 56.
d) If a square ends in 1 or 9, the number formed by its preceding digits must be divisible
by four.
e) 2nd last digit of a square number is always even except when the last digit of the
square number is 6 i.e. last digit of the original number is 4 or 6
f) Digital sum of a square number will always be 1 or 4 or 7 or 9
For example 8982=806404
8+0+6+4+0+4= 22
2+2=4
5132= 263169
2+6+3+1+6+9= 27
2+7=9

Some interesting pointers:

A) 112= 121
1112= 12321
11112= 1234321
111112= 123454321
And so on

B) 92= 81
992= 9801
9992= 998001
99992= 99980001

C) ( ) ( ) ( )

( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )

D) Square Mirrors
142 + 872 = 412 + 782
152 + 752 = 512 + 572
172 + 842 = 712 + 482
262 + 972 = 622 + 792
272 + 962 = 722 + 692