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PROTEINS
BIO20-1-Introduction
to Bioelectronics Prof. Ureah Thea A. Sevilla
Proteins
Proteins are the most diverse biological molecule
(structural, nutritious, enzyme, transport,
communication, and defense proteins)
Proteins are organic compounds composed of one
or more chains of amino acids
Amino acid
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
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Amino Acids
A small organic compound with an amine group (—NH3+),
a carboxyl group (—COO-, the acid), and one or more
variable groups (R group)
COO- COO-
+ +
H3 N C H H C NH3
CH3 CH3
L-Alanine D-Alanine
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H3C OH
NH2
ISOLEUCINE - Ile
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HO OH O
NH2
HS OH
SERINE - Ser
NH2
CH3 O
Cysteine - Cys
HO OH
NH2
THREONINE - Thr
ASPARAGINE - Asn
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Aromatic R-groups
O
OH
O
NH2
OH
PHENYLALANINE - Phe
NH2
NH
O TRYPTOPHAN - Trp
OH
NH2
HO
TYROSINE - Tyr
ARGININE - Arg
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O O
HO OH
NH2
R R
+
H3N CH C OH H2N CH C O-
O O
Peptide bond
H OH
R R
+
H3N CH C NH CH C O-
O O
Condensation Reaction
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Peptide bond
Peptides
Oligopeptides
Commercially impt. Oligopeptides:
Aspartame
Glutathione
Polypeptides
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Function of Proteins
Transport – ex. hemoglobin
Storage – ex. myoglobin
Contraction – ex. actin and myosin
Structure or support – ex. keratin and collagen
Defense – ex. immunoglobulins
Regulation of cellular or physiological activity –
insulin
Biological catalyst – enzymes
Hemoglobin structure
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Myoglobin structure
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Immunoglobulin Structure
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Primary structure
The unique amino acid sequence of a protein
Secondary structure
Thepolypeptide chain folds and forms hydrogen bonds
between amino acids
Quaternary structure
Some proteins consist of two or more folded
polypeptide chains in close association
Example: hemoglobin
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Fig. 3-17a, p. 45
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Silk Fibers
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Protein tertiary
structure: A chain’s
coils, sheets, or both
fold and twist into
stable, functional
domains such as
barrels or pockets.
Fig. 3-17c, p. 45
Globular
Proteins
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Fig. 3-17d, p. 45
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