Mark, Joshua J. “Ancient Egyptian Mortuary Rituals.

” Ancient History
Encyclopedia,Ancient History Encyclopedia, 1 Mar.
2017, www.ancient.eu/article/1022/.
      In the article “Ancient Egyptian Mortuary Rituals,” Marls overall focus was the overall death
practice the moment you died. Mark talks about how time and money have played a factor in
overall death practice. seemingly religion seems to be a strong factor in how the Egyptians look
at life and death as a continuous whole.

Kaup, Yoka, et al. “Borate in Mummification Salts and Bones from Pharaonic Egypt.” Journal of
Inorganic Biochemistry, Elsevier, 4 Mar. 2003,
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0162013403000023.
This journal talks about the mummification process. It goes in-depth about the biochemistry the
Egyptians use to dry out the body. Focusing on the use of borate which seemed to be found in
mummies from the old kingdom up to the more present ones

Abdel-Maksoud, Gomaa. “ A Review On The Materials Used During The Mummification Process In
Ancient Egypt.” Mediterranean Archaeology  vol 11 (2011), pp. 129-150. 
            Maksoud breaks down the mummification process. By doing this you get to learn every single
element and item they used in the mummification process. Maksoud also talks about the three
different types of mummification. Those all depend on the amount of money you have.

Jones, James, and George Hendrick. From Here to Eternity. Penguin Books, 2013, pp. 61 
This book holds vast information about different death practices around the world. Focusing on
chapter two “Indonssia” when looking into this specific you will see that they sacrifice animals
such as buffalo which is said to help the deceased move to a second life without it. Egyptians
hold this true to their death practice as well, sacrificing the buffalo so they can help out the
deceased in the afterlife. 

Taylor, John, Death and the afterlife in ancient Egypt. The British Museum Press. 2001
         In John's book, He breaks down the overall Egyptian death prosses. John goes in-depth over each
step giving the reader not only the overall knowledge of the practice itself but is also talks about
why the Egyptians do what they do when it comes to managing the body after one is dead. 
     
Waltroll, Ethan. “Duat.” Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, 28 Oct. 2014, anthropology.msu.edu/anp455-
fs14/2014/10/28/duat/.
    
 Ethan's main focus is on Ancient Egypt more importantly what happens to you when you die in
the ancient Egyptian culture. Ethan seems to go on and talk more specifically what happens after
your buried. Ethan talks about this afterlife that the Egyptians call the afterlife. seemingly it's
more of a trial area to get to the afterlife.

In ancient Egyptians have stated than when you die you end up in a place called Duat or the
Egyptian version of the afterlife. This place is the home of the gods and goddesses such as
Osiris, Anubis, Thorth and many others. Though this is the house of gods, its also a place where
a soul journeys to get judged by the goddess Ma’at. This judgment was a ritual called the
weighing of the heart. This is where your heart is weighed against a feather. If lighter than the
 feather, then you were blessed and able to move on. If the heart weighed more than the feather
you were essentially devoured by the devourer of souls Ammit. The journey to get to the trial is
said to be long and treacherous. This is due to the fact the Duat is seen as a labyrinth. Its told that
Duat has normal features such as fields, rivers, and caves. But also hold some quite unrealistic
things such as lakes on fire. This labyrinth is said to be a vast and difficult journey for its
massive tricky landscape but also the gates you have to pass through usually guarded but gods
and other deities to stop you from moving on.  
Oliver, Mark. “Through the Twelve Chambers of Hell: The Afterlife in Ancient Egypt.” Ancient
Origins, Ancient Origins, 12 June 2017, www.ancient-origins.net/history-ancient-
traditions/through-twelve-chambers-hell-afterlife-ancient-egypt-008228.
In this Text, Oliver talks about what the Egyptians believe happens to you when you reach Duat
or the Egyptian afterlife. Oliver talks about how it is broken up into 12 hours each hour holding a
different meaning than the last.

Mark, Joshua J. “Egyptian Book of the Dead.” Ancient History Encyclopedia, Ancient History
Encyclopedia, 21 Feb. 2020, www.ancient.eu/Egyptian_Book_of_the_Dead/.

The Book of the dead. a Book that started as a royal/ elite possession to be a very popular book
among the masses. What is held in this book for it to be such a popular book? Well, Joshua states
that it's like a cheat book for when you die in a sense.

            So, what is “The book of the Dead”. Joshua states that it is a book of spells that you can use in
your afterlife to makes is easier to get the ritual “The Weighing of The Heart”. What makes this
book interesting is that no one book is the same. Each book is scribed to be adjusted to you and
your way of life. This is done by a person going to a scribe and telling them how they lived their
life and based on if this a book would be created to make your journey easy. One spell you tend
to see more than not is spell 125. This spell is said to help you throughout your ritual giving you
exactly what you ware and say to the gods during this ritual