Number 21 Summer 2021

R M M
ROM A N IA N MAT HEMAT IC AL MAG AZINE

Founding Editor
DANIEL SITARU
Available online ISSN-L 2501-0099
www.ssmrmh.ro
 ROMANIAN MATHEMATICAL MAGAZINE

PROBLEMS FOR JUNIORS

JP.301. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality
holds:
A B B C C A √
tan2 cot + tan2 cot + tan2 cot ≥ 3
2 2 2 2 2 2
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania

JP.302. Prove that in any ABC triangle the following inequality

holds:
a2 rb + b2 rc + c2 ra ≥ 54Rr 2
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania

JP.303. Let be x, y, z ≥ 1 such that x2 + y 2 + z 2 − 2xyz = 1 and

n ≥ 0. Prove that:
2(n + x)(n + y)(n + z) ≤ (n + 1)3 (1 + xyz)
Proposed by Marin Chirciu - Romania

JP.304. Solve the equation in real numbers:

s
8
4 x + 1
p
= 2(x4 − 3x + 4)
3
3 x2 − x + 1 +
2
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

JP.305. Solve the following equation:

q p
2(x4 + 1) + 2 3x − 2x4 = 7 − 3x
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

JP.306. If a, b, c > 0 then:

√ √ √ p
(a + 2c) a + (b + 2a) b + (c + 2b) c ≤ (a + b + c) 3(a + b + c)
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru - Romania

JP.307. Solve the following equation in real numbers:

p p
3
p
4 x4 − 3x3
x3 − 2x2 + 2x + 3 x2 − x + 1 + 2 4x − 3x4 = +7
2
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam
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Romanian Mathematical Magazine Summer Edition 2021

JP.308. Let a, b, c ∈ [1, 3] such that a + b + c = 6. Find the

maximum value of the expression:
P = a4 + b4 + c4
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

JP.309. If m ∈ N, hA , hB , hC , hD are the heights lengths of a

tetrahedron [ABCD] having the radius of the inscribed sphere r,
then:
1  hA − 3r m+1  hB − 3r m+1  hC − 3r m+1
m+ + + +
4 hA + 3r hB + 3r hC + 3r
!
 h − 3r m+1 m+1
D
+ ≥
hD + 3r 7
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu - Giurgiu, Daniel Sitaru - Romania

JP.310. If a, b, c > 0; abc = 1 then:

X c(a2 + b2 ) + 1 31 1 1
≥ + +
cyc
a+b 2 a b c
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru - Romania

√ √ √
JP.311. If x, y, z > 0; x+
y + z = 3 then:
√ √ √
x+y+z ≥ 3x+ 3y+ 3z
Proposed by Daniel Sitaru - Romania

JP.312. If a, b, c > 0
a b c  a b c  9
+ + + + ≥ , where λ ≥ 0.
b c a a + λb b + λc c + λa λ+1
Proposed by Marin Chirciu - Romania

JP.313. Solve the system of equations:

( p √
4(x + y) = 4 8(x4 + y 4 ) + 6 xy
p ∀x, y ∈ R
16x5 − 20x3 = 1 − y 2 − 5y
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

2 Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099
Romanian Mathematical Magazine Summer Edition 2021

JP.314. Solve the following system of equations:

(
a2 + b2 + c2 = a3 + b3 + c3
a3 b + b3 c + c3 a = 3
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam
JP.315. If s is the semiperimeter of ABC triangle and ra , rb , rc
the radii of excircles, then:
s2 − r a r b s2 − rb rc s2 − r c r a 3
+ + ≥
s2 + ra rb s2 + rb rc s2 + rc ra 2
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu - Giurgiu, Daniel Sitaru - Romania

PROBLEMS FOR SENIORS

SP.301. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 3.
Find the minimum value of:
a b c 1 1 1
T = + + + 3 3
+ 3 3
+ 3
b c a a + b + abc b + c + abc c + a3 + abc
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

SP.302. In ABC acute-angled triangle let r1 , r2 , r3 be the inradii

in ∆BOC, ∆COA, ∆AOB, where O is the circumcenter of ∆ABC
and H the orthocenter. Prove that the following inequality holds:
! √
 r
1 r2 r3  X A 3s · π
+ + <
AH BH CH cyc
a 12Rr

with the usual notations in triangle.

Proposed by Radu Diaconu - Romania

SP.303. Let x, y, z be positive numbers such that x + y + z = 3.

Find the minimum value of:
x3 y3 z3
P = √ + p + √
y x3 + 8 z y3 + 8 x z3 + 8
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

SP.304. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that

(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) = 1. Find the minimum value of the expression:
a b c
P = + +
b(b + 2c)(a + 3c)2 c(c + 2a)(b + 3a)2 a(a + 2b)(c + 3b)2
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam
Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099 3
Romanian Mathematical Magazine Summer Edition 2021

SP.305. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that abc = 1.

Find the maximum value of the expression:
1 1 1
P = √3
+√ 3
+√3
4 2
3a − 4a + 2b + 11 4 2
3b − 4b + 2c + 11 3c − 4c + 2a2 + 11
4

Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

SP.306. In ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

16 4R + r a2 b2 c2 R 
· ≤ 2 + 2 + 2 ≤4 −1
9 3R − 2r ma mb mc r
Proposed by Marin Chirciu - Romania

SP.307. In acute ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

√
X hb hc 2(s − a)2  X 1 1
2+ − ≤ (1+csc A) 1+cot A ·(1+sec A) 1+tan A
cyc
a bc cyc

Proposed by Florică Anastase - Romania

(1−n)xn−1 +1−2n
SP.308. Let (xn )n≥1 , x1 = 0, xn = nxn−1 +2n
. Find:
n
Y
Ω = lim (2 + xk )
n→∞
k=1
Proposed by Florică Anastase - Romania

SP.309. In any ∆ABC the following relationship holds:

r π − A π − B  π − C  1
≤ sin sin sin ≤
4R 4 4 4 8
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania

SP.310. In ∆ABC, B 0 ∈ (AC) the contact point of the external

circumscription circle of side AC and C 0 the contact point of the
external circumscription circle of side AB. Prove that: B 0 C 0 is
tangent of the inscribed circle in ABC if and only if:
(s − b)2 + (s − c)2 = (s − a)2
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania

SP.311. If A ∈ M2 (R such that det(A4 + 4I2 ) = 0. Prove that:

(det A)2 = (Tr A)2
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania
4 Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099
Romanian Mathematical Magazine Summer Edition 2021

SP.312. In ∆ABC let the point A0 ∈ (BC) such that the incircle
in ∆AA0 B and ∆AA0 C have same radius. Prove that:
√3
AA0 · BB 0 · CC 0 ≥ 3r
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania

SP.313. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that xyz = 1.

Find the minimum value of the expression:
x y z
P = 2(x + y + z) + 3 + +
y + z3 + 1 z 3 + x3 + 1 x3 + y 3 + 1
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

SP.314. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that a + b + c = 3.

Prove that:
a2 b2 c2 3
p + p + p ≥
4 3 6
b c 4(b + 1) 4 3 6
c a 4(c + 1) 4 3 6
a b 4(a + 1) 2
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

SP.315. Find:
2π 2π 3π 3π 3π π π π 2π
Ω = cos3 sin6 sin6 −cos3 sin6 sin6 −cos3 sin6 sin6 .
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
Proposed by Pedro Pantoja - Brazil

UNDERGRADUATE
PROBLEMS
UP.301. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that xyz = 1.
Find the minimum value of:
x y z
P = 2(x + y + z) + 3 3
+ 3 3
+ 3
y +z +1 z +x +1 x + y3 + 1
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

UP.302. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that

3
x + y + z = xyz . Find the minimum value of:
Q = (2x2 − xy + 2y 2 )(2y 2 − yz + 2z 2 )(2z 2 − zx + 2x2 )
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099 5
Romanian Mathematical Magazine Summer Edition 2021

UP.303. Let a, b, c be positive real numbers such that

(a+b)(b+c)(c+a) = 1. Find the minimum value of the expression:
a b c
P = + +
b(b + 2c)(a + 3c)2 c(c + 2a)(b + 3a)2 a(a + 2b)(c + 3b)2
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

UP.304.
n 
Y kπ 
xn = 2 sin , n ∈ N∗ . Find:
k=1
2n
n
!
X 2 − nxn · xk
Ω = lim
n→∞
k=1
xk
Proposed by Florică Anastase - Romania

UP.305. Let (an )n>1 , a1 = e, an = en an

n−1 and (bn )n>1 such that:
n 
 1 n+bn Y 1 
1+ = 1+ . Find:
n k=1
log ak

Ω = lim bn
n→∞
Proposed by Florică Anastase - Romania

UP.306. Let (xn )n>0 , x0 = 2, xn = n(xn−1 − (n − 1)! − 2) − 2.

Find:
1 + 2n − n
pn
P
k=1 xn
Ω = lim
n→∞ n
Proposed by Florică Anastase - Romania

UP.307. Let (an )n≥1 , an ∈ (0, ∞) be a sequence of real numbers

such that:
√
a1 = a, a > 0, a2n+1 = n · an + 1 then find:
s
an 1 n x2n + 1
Z
Ω = lim 3 dx, n ∈ N, n ≥ 2.
n→∞ n 0 xn + 1
Proposed by Florică Anastase - Romania

UP.308. Find:
 !
Pn n+k
log k=0 (n + k) k
Ω = lim √
n
n→∞ n!
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania
6 Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099
Romanian Mathematical Magazine Summer Edition 2021

UP.309. In acute ∆ABC the altitudes AA0 , BB 0 , CC 0 intersect

at all second times the determined circle by the points A0 , B 0 , C 0
inA00 , B 00 , C 00 . Prove that:
(2r)2s ≥ (A0 A00 )a · (B 0 B 00 )b · (C 0 C 00 )c
Proposed by Marian Ursărescu - Romania

UP.310. Let x, y, z be positive real numbers such that x+y+z = 3.

Prove that:
√ √ √
3( 3 x + 3 y + 3 z + 1) ≥ 4(xy + yz + zx)
Hence, find the minimum value of the expression:
√ √ √
x y z 3( 3 x + 3 y + 3 z)
P = + + +
y+z z+x x+y 8
Proposed by Hoang Le Nhat Tung - Vietnam

UP.311. Find:
√
3
!
√
p
3
3
(n + 1)2 n2
lim n2 3n+3
p − 3n
√
n→∞ (n + 1)! n!
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu - Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu - Romania

UP.312. If m ∈ R+ = [0, ∞) and a, b, x, y, z ∈ R∗+ = (0, ∞), then:

xm+1 y m+1
π + π +
(ay + bz)m+1 · sec2m 18
(az + bx)m+1 · csc2m 9
z m+1 3
+ ≥
(ax + by)m+1
· csc2m 2π
9
4m
· (a + b)m+1
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu - Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu - Romania

UP.313. Let be (an )n≥1 , (bn )n≥1 , an , bn ∈ R∗+ = (0, ∞), ∀n ∈ N∗ ,

n
an ∗
Y
lim √ = a ∈ R+ , bn = an . Find:
n→∞ n n!
n=1
p p
lim ( n+1 bn+1 − n bn )
n→∞
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu - Giurgiu, Neculai Stanciu - Romania

Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099 7
Romanian Mathematical Magazine Summer Edition 2021

UP.314. Let (an )n≥1 , (bn )n≥1 be sequences of real strictly posi-
tive numbers such that:
an bn
lim = a ∈ R∗+ = (0, ∞); lim = b ∈ R∗+ . Find:
n→∞ (2n − 1)!! n→∞ (2n − 1)!!
p p
lim ( n+1 (2n + 1)!! − 2n an · bn )
n→∞
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu - Giurgiu, Daniel Sitaru - Romania

UP.315. Let (an )n≥1 , (bn )n≥1 be sequences of real strictly positive
numbers such that:
an bn
lim = a ∈ R∗+ , lim = b ∈ R∗+ = (0, ∞). Find:
n→∞ n! n→∞ (2n − 1)!!
p p 1
lim ( n+1 (n + 1)! · (2n + 1)!! − n an bn ) n .
n→∞
Proposed by D.M. Bătineţu - Giurgiu - Romania

Mathematics Department, ”Theodor Costescu” National Economic, Col-

lege Drobeta Turnu - Severin, ROMANIA

8 Daniel
c Sitaru, ISSN-L 2501-0099