The 54th New York Junior Mathematical Olympiad (NYJMO)

Paper II - English LATEX version, Calculator not allowed.

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Day 1. Thursday April 16th 2009 ; Time duration: 2 hours
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Problem 1. Solve the following equations:

(x+2) (5x+10)
(1) 3 (3x−4) − 7 = 2.3 (3x−4)
x + 1 2x + 3 3x + 5 20x + 39 4 6 40
(2) + + + ... + = 22 + + + ... +
1 3 5 39 3 5 39

Problem 2. When one purchases an item, the total cost of that item includes both its
original price and its tax. Supposing the original price of the item is a2 and the tax is x, its
a2 .x
actual price (a1 ) can be determined using the equation a1 = a2 + = a + x%a.
100
Nam purchased two items and had to pay 2.18 million dollars. The saleswoman told Nam
that the tax on both items is 9%. However, actually, the tax on the first item is 10% and on
the second one is 9%. Nam quickly realize that and told the saleswoman. As a result, the
saleswoman returned Nam 10, 000 dollars.
The following day, Nam returned to that store and bought the same two items, but that day,
the store had a promotion program and Nam could purchase any items with its original price
(the total price did not include the tax).
Find the price that Nam had to pay that day.

Problem 3. Let a, b, c be three positive reals such that a + b + c = abc.

a 2b 3c abc (5a + 4b + 3c)
(1) Prove that 2
+ 2
+ 2
= .
1+a 1+b 1+c (a + b) (b + c) (c + a)
x y z
(2) Let other three reals x, y, z such that = = ̸= 0. Prove that
a b c

2 2 a2 x2 + b2 y 2 + c2 z 2 + 2 (ax + by + cz)
2
x +y +z =
(abc)2 − 2 (ab + bc + ca)

Problem 4. Let ABC be a right-angled triangle at A. From B draw a line perpendicular to

BC intersecting AC at O. From A draw a line perpendicular to BO intersecting BO at H1 .
From H1 draw a line called n1 perpendicular to CO; from A draw another line called n2
perpendicular to AH1 . Let K be the intersection of n1 and n2 . BK intersects AH1 and OC at
M and N respectively.

(1) From M draw a line perpendicular p

to BK intersecting BO at H2 . Prove that ∆OM N is
similar to ∆CKN and ON.N K = CN 2 (N H22 − M H22 ).
1 1 1
(2) Prove that + = .
KH22 − M K 2 BH22 − M H22 M B 2 − AK 2

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 (3) From K draw TWO lines. The first line intersects AB at Q and the second one
intersects BO at P such that KQ ⊥ AB and KP ⊥ BO. Prove that
BA.BQ
2BM 2 + BH1 =
2

(4) Let R be the midpoint of BH1 . The perpendicular bisector of BH1 intersects BM and
ER2 + 2.ER.ES + ES 2
BH1 at E and S respectively. Prove that = 4.
M K 2 − BH12

Problem 5. Let n be a natural number such that n ≥ 2

5x2 − 24x + 29
(1) Find the minimum value of f (x) = .
x2 − 4x + 4
      
3 3 3 3 3 1
(2) Prove that M = 1 − 1− 1− 1− ... 1 − > .
2.4 3.5 4.6 5.7 n (n + 2) 4

Problem 6. Let x, y, z be three reals such that x ̸= y ̸= z.

(1) Given that x.y.z = 2009, find the value of A.

2009x y z
A= + +
xy + 2009x + 2009 yz + y + 2009 xz + z + 1

(2) Given that x + y + z = 2009, find the value of B.

x3 y3 z3
B= + +
(x − y)(x − z) (y − z)(y − x) (z − x)(x − y)

x y z x y z
(3) Given that + + = 0, prove that 2 + 2 + = 0.
y−z z−x x−y (y − z) (z − x) (x − y)2
1 1 1
(4) Given that xyz = 1, prove that + + .
1 + x + xy 1 + y + yz 1 + z + zx