Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SEMESTER 1 : ASSIGNMENT 01
1.2. x 2 + y 2 = xy . (2)
z x
2.1 Find , at the point (1,2), if z = sin −1 . (2)
y y
y
2.2 If z = cos −1 , determine
x + y2
2
z
2.2.1 . (4)
y
2z
2.2.2 . (2)
y 2
2.3 A projectile is fired from a position on the ground. The motion of the projectile in two
dimensions is represented by the parametric equations x = e and y = (1 + ) 3 :
dy
2.3.1 Find an expression for the velocity of the projectile. (3)
dx
d2y
2.3.2 Find an expression for the acceleration 2 of the projectile. (2)
dx
Question 3
2I 2 R
3.1 The formula to calculate the demand for power 𝑃 is given by P = . If the demand for
d2
power increases by more than 9%, load shedding is implemented.
3.1.1 On a cold winter’s night, the current 𝐼 changes by ±3%, the resistance 𝑅 changes
by ±2% and the cable diameter 𝑑 changes by ±2%. Calculate the maximum change
in power. (4)
3.1.2 Will load shedding be implemented? Give a reason for your answer. (1)
3.2 The volume of water in a dam is determined by the formula V = 2h 2 (3d − 3h) . After a
rainfall, water is flowing into the dam resulting in an increase in the water level ℎ at a rate
of 0.06m/hr while the diameter 𝑑 of the dam is increasing at a rate of 0.25m/hr. Determine
the rate at which the volume is changing the instant when 𝑑 = 20m and ℎ = 6m. (4)
−𝑡
3.3 Use the Maclaurin series to expand 𝑡𝑒 to four non-zero terms. (5)
Total [40]
2
MAT2691/2023
ADDENDUM
Formula Sheets
ALGEBRA Factors
Laws of indices a 3 − b 3 = (a − b )(a 2 + ab + b 2 )
m+n
(
a 3 + b 3 = (a + b ) a 2 − ab + b 2 )
1. a a =a
m n
am Partial Fractions
2. = a m−n
an
f (x ) A B C
3. (a )m n
= a mn = a n( ) m
= + +
(x + a )(x + b )(x + c ) (x + a ) (x + b ) (x + c )
m
4. a n
= n am
1 1 f (x ) A B C D
a −n = an = = + + +
5.
an
and
a −n (x + a ) (x + b)
3
(x + a ) (x + a ) (x + a ) (x + b)
2 3
6. a =10
7. ab = a b f (x ) Ax + B C
= +
a a
n n ( 2
) 2
(
ax + bx + c ( x + d ) ax + bx + c ( x + d ))
8. = n
b b
Quadratic Formula
Logarithms
If ax 2 + bx + c = 0
Definitions: − b b 2 − 4ac
If y = a x then x = log a y then x=
2a
If y = e x then x = n y
Laws:
1. log ( A B ) = log A + log B
A
2. log = log A − log B
B
3. log An = n log A
log b A
4. log a A=
log b a
5. a log a f = f e n f = f
DETERMINANTS
SERIES
Binomial Theorem
Maclaurin’s Theorem
1! 2! 3! (n − 1)!
h2 h n−1 n−1
f (a + h ) = f (a ) + f (a ) + f (a ) + + f (a ) +
h
1! 2! (n − 1)!
COMPLEX NUMBERS
4
MAT2691/2023
where j 2 = −1 r n
= r n n = r n (cos n + j sin n)
(a )
1
Modulus : r= z = 2
+ b2 8. z n has n distinct roots :
b + k 360
1 1
Argument : = arg z = arc tan zn =rn with k = 0, 1, 2, , n − 1
a n
9. re j = r (cos + j sin )
2. Addition :
(a + jb ) + (c + jd ) = (a + c ) + j (b + d )
( )
re j = r cos and re j = r sin ( )
3. Subtractio n :
10. e a + jb
=e a`
(cos b + j sin b )
(a + jb ) − (c + jd ) = (a − c ) + j (b − d ) j
11. n re = n r + j
4. If m + jn = p + jq , then m = p and n = q
5. Multiplica tion : z1 z 2 = r1 r2 (1 + 2 )
z1 r1
6. Division : = (1 − 2 )
z 2 r2
GEOMETRY MENSURATION
1. Circle: ( in radians)
1. Straight line:
y = mx + c Area = r 2
y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) Circumference = 2 r
−1 Arc length = r
Perpendiculars, then m1 =
m2 1 2 1
r=
Sector area = r
2 2
2. Angle between two lines:
1
m − m2 Segment area = r 2 ( − sin )
tan = 1 2
1 + m1 m2
3. Circle: 2. Ellipse:
x2 + y2 = r 2 Area = ab
(x − h) + (y − k ) = r Circumfere nce = (a + b )
2 2 2
4. Parabola: 3. Cylinder:
y = ax 2 + bx + c Volume = r 2 h
−b Surface area = 2rh + 2r 2
axis at x = 4. Pyramid:
2a
1
5. Ellipse: Volume = area base height
3
x2 y2
+ =1 5. Cone:
a2 b2 1
Volume = r 2 h
6. Hyperbola: 3
Curved surface = r
6. Sphere:
xy = k A = 4r 2
x2 y2
= 1 (round x - axis )
4 3
− V= r
a2 b2 3
x2 y2
− 2 + 2 = 1 (round y - axis )
7. Trapezoidal rule:
1 b − a
f ( x0 ) + 2 f ( x1 ) + + 2 f ( xn−1 ) + f ( xn )
a b
2 n
8. Simpson’s rule:
1 b − a
[ f ( x0 ) + 4 f ( x1 ) + 2 f ( x2 ) + 4 f ( x3 ) +
3 n
2 f ( x4 ) + + 2 f ( xn−2 ) + 4 f ( xn−1 ) + f ( xn )]
9. Mid-Ordinate rule
b − a
n f ( m1 ) + f ( m2 ) + + f ( mn−1 ) + f ( mn )
6
MAT2691/2023
d
f ( x) = n f ( x) . f '( x) − f '( x)
n n −1
d
6. 15. cosec −1 f ( x) =
dx dx f ( x ) f ( x) − 1
2
dy dy du dv
7. = . . d f '( x)
dx du dv dx 16. sinh −1 f ( x) =
dx
f ( x)2 + 1
8. Parametric equations
d f '( x)
17. cosh −1 f ( x) =
dy
dy
dx
f ( x)2 − 1
= dt d f '( x)
dx
dx 18. tanh −1 f ( x) =
1 − f ( x)
dx 2
dt
d dy d f '( x)
coth −1 f ( x) =
d y dt dx
2 19.
1 − f ( x)
dx 2
=
dx 2 dx
d − f '( x)
dt 20. sech −1 f ( x) =
dx f ( x ) 1 − f ( x)
2
9. Maximum/minimum d − f '( x)
For turning points: f '(x) = 0 21. cosech −1 f ( x) =
dx f ( x ) f ( x) + 1
2
Let x = a be a solution for the above
If f '' (a) > 0, then a is a minimum point z z z
If f ''(a) < 0, then a is a maximum point 22. Increments: z = . x + . y + . w
x y w
For points of inflection: f " (x) = 0
23. Rate of change:
Let x = b be a solution for the above
dz z dx z dy z dw
Test for inflection: f (b - h) and f(b + h) = . + . + .
dt x dt y dt w dt
Change sign or f '"(b) ≠ 0 if f '"(b) exists.
INTEGRATION
b
dy
2
1. By parts : udv = uv − vdu 2. S = 1 + dx
dx
a
1 b 1 b 2
3. Mean value =
b−a a
y dx 4. R.M.S. =
b - a a
y dx
8
MAT2691/2023
Table of Integrals
Table of Integrals
ax(n+1 )
1. ax n dx =
n +1
+ c, n −1
n +1
f(x)
f(x)
n
2. .f'(x) dx = + c, n −1
n +1
f (x)
3. dx = n f(x) + c
f(x)
= e f(x) + c
f(x)
4. f (x).e dx
a f(x)
= +c
f(x)
5. f (x).a dx
na
6. sin f(x) dx
f (x). = − cos f(x) + c
7. cos f(x) dx
f (x). = sin f(x) + c
9. cot f(x) dx
f (x). = n sin f(x) + c
10
MAT2691/2023
f ( x) f ( x)
24. dx = arc sin +c
a 2 − f ( x )
2 a
f ( x) f ( x)
1
25. dx = arc tan +c
f ( x ) + a 2 a a
2
f ( x) f ( x)
26. dx = arc sinh +c
f ( x ) + a 2
2 a
f ( x) f ( x)
27. dx = arc cosh +c
f ( x ) − a 2
2 a
f ( x) f ( x)
1
28. dx = arc tanh +c
a 2 − f ( x )
2 a a
f ( x) f ( x)
1
29. dx = − arc coth +c
f ( x ) − a 2 a a
2
a2 f ( x) f ( x) 2
f ( x ) a 2 − f ( x ) dx = arc sin a − f ( x ) + c
2 2
30.
+
2 a 2
a2 f ( x) f ( x)
f ( x ) f ( x ) + a 2 dx = f ( x ) + a 2 + c
2 2
31.
arc sinh +
2 a 2
a2 f ( x) f ( x)
f ( x ) f ( x ) − a 2 dx = − arc cosh f ( x ) − a 2 + c
2 2
32.
+
2 a 2