Yap, Sherwin Thomas Jefferson T.

GE MMW T,Th 7:30 – 9:00

1. Suppose that a certain country has a total population of 364,480, and the number of representatives
to be apportioned is 80.

a. Find the standard divisor

 4,556
b. If there are three states with population 123,012, 63,784, and 177, 684, determine each state’s
standard quota. What do these numbers represent?
 The numbers represent the number of representatives in each state.
STATE POPULATION QUOTIENT STANDARD QUOTA

State 1 123012 27 27

State 2 63784 14 12

State 3 177684 39 39

2.  A total of 25 teacher - assistants are to be apportioned among seven grade 12 classes in Alaska Senior
High School. The numbers of students in each grade 12 class are shown in the table below:
Grade 12 Class Section Number of Students
A 21
B 27
C 31
D 33
E 35
F 38
G 39
TOTAL 224

a. Calculate the standard divisor.

 8.96
 b. Use the Hamilton method to determine the number of teacher – assistant to be apportioned to
each grade 12 class.
Section Num. of Students Quotient Standard Quota Decimal part Teachers Assigned

A 21 2.34375 2 0.3438 2

B 27 3.013392857 3 0.0134 3

C 31 3.459821429 3 0.4598 4

D 33 3.683035714 3 0.683 4

E 35 3.90625 3 0.9063 4

F 38 4.241071429 4 0.2411 4

G 39 4.352678571 4 0.3527 4

Total 224 22 25

3. Four public senior high schools in the south will receive new 180 desk- top computers from the
Department of Education,   which will be apportioned according to the number of students enrolled in
each school. The number of students enrolled   in each school is shown in the table below:
Public Senior High Number of  Students
School
Tavera 1,896
Ardiente 3,455
Carcar 4,678
Toledo 5,780
TOTAL 15,809

a. Calculate the standard divisor.

 87.8277778
b. Use the Hamilton method to determine the number of computers to be apportioned in each
school.
Public Senior High School Number of Students Quotient Standard Quota Decimal part Desktop allocated
Tavera 1896 21.58770321 21 0.5877 22

Ardiente 3455 39.33835157 39 0.3384 39

Carcar 4678 53.26333101 53 0.2633 53

Toledo 5780 65.81061421 65 0.8106 66

Total 15809 178 180

c. If Jefferson’s method will be use to apportion the computers, what is the modified standard
divisor?
 86.5
 Use the Jefferson method to determine the number of computers to be apportioned in each
school.
Public Senior High School Number of Students Quotient Modified Quota

Tavera 1896 21.91907514 21

Ardiente 3455 39.94219653 39

Carcar 4678 54.08092486 54
Toledo 5780 66.82080925 66
Total 15809 180
d. How do the apportionment results using the Hamilton method compare with the results using
the Jefferson method?
 No need for decimal values when using the Jefferson Method q

 4. The legislative body of a certain country called Georgia should be apportioned every 10 years based
on the census. The most recent population census for the five regions of Georgia is given in the table
below:
Region Population
I 1,087,000
II 1,596,000
III 1,323,000
IV 1,592,000
V 5,462,000
TOTAL 11,060,000

a. Calculate the standard divisor.

 55,300
b. Apportion the 200-seat legislature using Webster’s method.
Region Population Quotient Standard Quota Decimal Part Seat Apportion
I 1087000 19.65641953 19 0.65642 20
II 1596000 28.86075949 28 0.860759 29
III 1323000 23.92405063 23 0.924051 24
IV 1592000 28.78842676 28 0.788427 29
V 5462000 98.77034358 98 0.770344 98
TOTAL 11060000 196 200

5. San Pedro is   a small country in South America composed of five small islands namely:  Lucia, Congo,
Villahermoso,   Palo and Alta.  Seventy representatives must be apportioned in the House of
Representatives to represent each island. The table below shows the islands with the corresponding
population.
State Population
Lucia       21,500
Congo   
200,000
Villahermoso       50,000
Palo       38,000
Alta   
300,500
 TOTAL   
610,000

a. Find the standard divisor.

 8,714.2857
b. Apportion the 70 representatives using the Huntington-Hill method.
State Population Quotient Lower Quota n+1 Geometric Mean Seat Apportionment
Lucia 21500 2.467213115 2 3 2.449489743 3
Congo 200000 22.95081967 22 23 22.49444376 23
Villahermoso 50000 5.737704918 5 6 5.477225575 6
Palo 38000 4.360655738 4 5 4.472135955 4
Alta 300500 34.48360656 34 35 34.49637662 34
TOTAL 610000 67 70

c. Apportion the 70 representatives using the Webster’s   method.

 Modified Divisor 8,710
State Population Quotient Standard Quota Decimal Part Seat Apportion
Lucia 21500 2.468427095 2 0.4684271 2
Congo 200000 22.96211251 22 0.9621125 23
Villahermoso 50000 5.740528129 5 0.74052813 6
Palo 38000 4.362801378 4 0.36280138 4
Alta 300500 34.50057405 34 0.5005741 35
TOTAL 610000 67 70

6. The Provincial Health Department hired 40 new nurses to be assigned at 5 hospitals in the province of
Sugbu.  The Provincial Government decides to apportion the nurses according to the number of beds at
each hospital.
Hospital Number of Beds 
Doctors  Hospital 337
St. John Hospital 137
Mueller Hospital 455
Nara Hospital 555
Northern 237
Hospital
TOTAL 1,721

a. Compute the standard divisor.

 43.025
b. Use the Hamilton method to apportion the nurses.
Hospital Number of Beds Quotient Standard Quota Decimal part Nurses Allocated
Doctors Hospital 337 7.832655433 7 0.8326554 8
St. John Hospital 137 3.184195235 3 0.18411952 3
Mueller Hospital 455 10.57524695 10 0.575247 11
Nara Hospital 555 12.89947705 12 0.899477 13
Northern Hospital 237 5.508425334 5 0.5084253 5
TOTAL 1721 37 40
c. Use the Jefferson method to apportion the nurses. (Modified Divisor 41)
Hospital Number of Beds Quotient Modified Quota
Doctors Hospital 337 8.219512195 8
St. John Hospital 137 3.341463415 3
Mueller Hospital 455 11.09756098 11
Nara Hospital 555 13.53658537 13
Northern Hospital 237 5.780487805 5
TOTAL 1721 40
 d. Use the Webster method to apportion the nurses. (Modified Divisor 43)
Hospital Number of Beds Quotient Standard Quota Decimal Part Nurses Allocated
Doctors Hospital 337 7.837209302 7 0.8372093 8
St. John Hospital 137 3.186046512 3 0.1860465 3
Mueller Hospital 455 10.58139535 10 0.581395 11
Nara Hospital 555 12.90697674 12 0.906977 13
Northern Hospital 237 5.511627907 5 0.5116279 5
TOTAL 1721 37 40
e. Use the Huntington- Hill method to apportion the nurses. (Modified Divisor 43.5)
Hospital Number of Beds Quotient Lower Quota n+1 Geometric Mean Nurses allocated
Doctors Hospital 337 7.747126437 7 8 7.483314774 8
St. John Hospital 137 3.149425287 3 4 3.464101615 3
Mueller Hospital 455 10.45977011 10 11 10.48808848 11
Nara Hospital 555 12.75862069 12 13 12.489996 13
Northern Hospital 237 5.448275862 5 6 5.477225575 5
TOTAL 1721 37 40

a. Use the Adam’s method to apportion the nurses. (Modified Divisor 46)
Hospital Number of Beds Standard Quota
Standard Quota Rounded UpModified Quota Modified Quota Rounded Up
Doctors Hospital 337 7.832655433 8 7.326086957 8
St. John Hospital 137 3.184195235 4 2.97826087 3
Mueller Hospital 455 10.57524695 11 9.891304348 10
Nara Hospital 555 12.89947705 13 12.06521739 13
Northern Hospital 237 5.508425334 6 5.152173913 6
TOTAL 1721 42 40

7. Show that the Quota Rule is violated when the Jefferson method of apportionment is used, if 150
seats are apportioned in five provinces shown in the table below.

Province Population
A 8,800
B 3,363
C 6,960
D 1,720
El 24,223
TOTAL 45,066

Standard divisor 300.44

Province Population Standard Quota Modified Quota Seats apportioned
A 8800 29.29037412 29.83050847 29
B 3363 11.19358275 11.4 11
C 6960 23.16602317 23.59322034 23
D 1720 5.724936759 5.830508475 5
E 24223 80.62508321 82.11186441 82
TOTAL 45066 150
Modified Divisor 295

Seats apportioned in Province E is 82 which is above standard quota.

8. Show that the Alabama Paradox occurred if the Hamilton method of apportionment is used   if
representatives’ are increased from 204 to 205 in the following territories in Tasmania.
Territory Population
Curry 5,300
 Toorak 7,470
Glendale 4,625
Pontiac 3,462
TOTAL 20, 857

- 204 Representatives (Standard Divisor 102.2401961)

Territory Population Standard Quota Seats Apportioned
Curry 5300 51.83871122 52
Toorak 7470 73.06324016 73
Glendale 4625 45.23661121 45
Pontiac 3462 33.86143741 34
TOTAL 20, 857 204

- 205 Representatives (Standard Divisor 101.7414634)

Territory Population Standard Quota Seats Apportioned
Curry 5300 52.09282255 52
Toorak 7470 73.4213933 73
Glendale 4625 45.4583593 46
Pontiac 3462 34.02742485 34
TOTAL 20, 857 205

9.  Did the Population Paradox occur when the Hamilton method of apportionment is used when 13
seats are apportioned in 3 prefectures with the corresponding population as shown in the table below?

Prefectur Initial Current Population

e  Population
Amara 930,000 975,000
Kanagawa 738,000 750,000
Shiga  415,000 421,000
TOTAL 2,083,000 2,140,000

Standard Divisor 160230.7692

Prefecture Initial Population Standard Quota Seats Apportioned
Amara 930000 5.804128661 6
Kanagawa 738000 4.605856937 5
Shiga 415000 2.590014402 2
TOTAL 2083000 13

Prefecture Increase of Prefecture Population Rate of increase in population

Amara 45000 4.84%
Kanagawa 12000 1.63%
Shiga 6000 1.45%

Standard divisor 164615.3846

 Prefecture Current Population Standard Quota Seats Apportioned
Amara 975000 5.922897196 6
Kanagawa 750000 4.556074766 4
Shiga 421000 2.557476636 3
TOTAL 2140000 13

The population paradox does occur because; Amara has the biggest increase in population but doesn’t
get any additional seat instead, Shiga does.
10. Use the Hamilton   method of apportionment   to apportion the   75 representatives to two states
with the given populations. Show that the New States Paradox occurs if a new   state is added   and the
number of additional representatives is included in the second Hamilton method of apportionment. The
appropriate number of representatives to add for the second apportionment is the state’s standard
quota of the new state, computed using the old two-state standard divisor, rounded down to the
nearest integer.

Province Population
Atlanta  318,400
(old province)
Kingston   33,000
(old province)
Newport 847,500
(new
province)
TOTAL 1,198,900

Standard divsor 4685.333333

Province Population Standard Quota Seats Apportioned
Atlanta 318400 67.95674445 68
Kingston 33000 7.043255549 7
TOTAL 351400 75

Standard Divisor 4701.568627

Newport standard quota 180 + 75 = 255 representatives
Province Population Standard quota Seats Apportioned
Atlanta 318400 67.72207857 68
Kingston 33000 7.018934023 7
Newport 847500 180.2589874 180
TOTAL 1198900 255

No new state paradox occurs