1.

Badjao
 Characteristics:
 They are primitive, peace loving people
 Non-aggressive tribe community
 God forsaken and lumaan
 Belief & Religion
 They believe that they have a dukun or spiritual leader
 They are spirit believers
 Ornament used
 Earrings, colored comb, jewelries, and bracelet
 Marriage Practice
 Their wedding is a three day affair with dancing, food, and festivities
 The bride wore a white, frilly gown and the groom is also his finest
 Lugu, sings by the woman before the ceremony, imam or panglima
walks with the groom to the bride’s side
 Pangalay, a traditional Badjao dance, being performed by the lover
together after they exchanged rings and vows
 Water Buffalo, a special animal that usually part of any woman’s dowry
 Arrange marriage are common
 Economic System
 They are expert fishermen, deep-sea divers and pearl, and navigators
 Their livelihood solely on the sea
2. Igorot
 Characteristics
 Physical Distinction
 Rounded eyes
 Pretty and mostly short
 Big legs
 Usually white but others are dark
 Men have short hair, women have long hair and left bangs
 Belief and Religion
 Wedding Rituals – performed by an elder for the treatment
 Traditional Healing Rituals – also called “boni”, soul cleaning ritual for
the living and the dead
 Ritual for the Soul – they make their own, personalize coffins from local
wood
 Anitos – carved humanoid figure, they worship it
 Lumawig – benevolent being of great power
 Ornament used
 They don’t have ornament because they consider themselves as not
fashionistas.
 Marriage Practices
 They have a five days of celebrating or ceremony for the wedding.
 Each day, they are exchanging some things and the last day is the day
of the wedding where they are officially married.
 Economic System
 Subsistence and Commercial
 The source of their living is farming, planting rice and root crops.
They also raise livestock.

VISION: A globally competitive university for science, technology and environmental conservation.
MISSION: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable
communities and environment.
 3. Ilongot Tribe
 Characteristics
 They are intense aggressive and cultural conservativism.
 They are primarily in slash-and-burn agriculturist, hunters, and
fishermen.
 Belief and Religion
 The dead are buried in a setting position, if a woman died in childbirth
or experience a violent death, the hands are tied to her feet to prevent
her from roaming.
 The youth had their teeth filed as an act of initiation into adulthood
 They are Protestantism
 They have shaman, the one that preside over curing ceremonies like
bathing, smoking sweeping
 Agimeng, companion of the forest
 Ornaments used
 Long earring, worn on the left ear, traditionally worn when a Bugkalot
man triumphantly serves a head for the first time
 Marriage Practice
 Marriage in Ilongot tribe is characterized with several important
practices and traditions
 It include the bachelor successfully engaging in headhunt, courtship
which include casual field labor, gift giving, and sex.
 Economic System
 Swidden farming is the source of their economy.
 They cultivate rice, corn, and cassava
 After the harvest, they will plant tobacco and vegetables.
 They will going to plant sweet potatoes, bananas, and sugar cane
when the field is about to abandon
 Also, they do fishing
4. Lumad Tribe
 Characteristics
 The largest Indigenous group in the Philippines
 They live in the mountainous areas, valley’s, and coastal areas
 They are also called “Native” or “Indigenous” people
 “Born of the Earth”, Visayan term of the Lumad
 Belief and Religion
 That worship anitos and nature
 Wear tattoo and pierce big holes into their ears
 They chew betelnut
 They care more for the environment
 Ornament used
 Marriage Practices
 Lumad women consider pre-arranged marriage as unfavorable to their
interest and avoid the Lumad tradition
 They feel in better position to achieve their life aspirations when they
are not forced to marry early
 Economic System
 Swidden agriculture depending on the land's productivity
 Communal sharing of resources based on the belief of the sacredness
of land and nature as divine endowments define their relationship with
their environment

VISION: A globally competitive university for science, technology and environmental conservation.
MISSION: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable
communities and environment.
 5. Palawan Tribe
 Characteristics
 They are consider as the original dweller of the islands.
 Based the research, Tagbanwa and Palawano are possible
descendants of the Tabon Caves inhabitants, because of their
language, alphabet, farming methods, common belief in soul relatives
has some cultural similarities
 Belief and Religion
 Ingasiq, means compassion, the principle of the Palawan, it underlies
all their actions and emphasizes the importance of behaving with
generosity and sympathy towards others
 Adat etkeguragurangan, means customs of the ancestors, are
ceremonies, prayers, chanting and healing dances
 They believe that the universe is vertical and divided into fourteen
different layers
 Beljan, or a shaman, are able to travel to this level to heal the world
 Empuq (the Lord or Owner), supreme being in Palawan, he is believed
to be the creator of all
 Lenggam, means demons, are the caretakers of poisonous and biting
animals
 Their religion is a mix of traditional animism with the elements of
Hinduism and Islamic belief
 Ornaments used
 Their clothing were G-strings for men and patadyong for women or so
called native wraps similar to making
 Marriage Practice
 The most important qualification is to answer the riddles, propounded
by the prospective bridegroom’s parents to solve and answer them.
 Only the prospective bridegroom’s parents can satisfactorily answer
them does the courtship transfer to the Pabalic, or the session for the
bargaining of the onsod (dowry)
 Economic System
 They are hunters, forest-foragers and cultivators.
 They grow upland rice, which they believe has a “human-like
personality”
 They also collect honey and hunt wild pigs which are their favorite
meat

6. Mangyan Tribe
 Characteristics
 A man, woman or person without any nationality
Settlers and inhabitants of Mindoro
 Belief and Religion
 Animism (majority), Roman Catholic, and Evangelical Protestant
 Ornament used
 Buhid women wear woven black and white brassiers called linagmon
and a black and white skirt called abol. Unmarried women wear body
ornaments such as a braided nito belt (lufas), blue thread earrings,
beaded headband (sangbaw), beaded bracelet (uksong), and beaded

VISION: A globally competitive university for science, technology and environmental conservation.
MISSION: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable
communities and environment.
 long necklace (siwayang or ugot). The men wear g-strings. To
enhance body beauty, the men wear ornaments like a long beaded

necklace, tight choker (ugot) and beaded bracelet (uksong). Both

sexes use an accessory bag called bay-ong for personal things like
comb and knife [Litis, 1989].
 Marriage Practice
 Pamara asawa an
 In 1-6 months, decide the suitability of the couple. The groom lives with
the woman's family, helping out in different activities
 If the parents of the woman disapprove the union but the couple
insisted, the man need to pay duti, 2 pigs and 2 sacks of rice
 But if the parents approve, both parties will going to meet and talk
about the marriage and partake in a meal called pasalungkita, rice and
pork
 Arranged marriage and Polygamous are allowed

 Economic System
 Subsistence agriculture, their basic resource for food production

VISION: A globally competitive university for science, technology and environmental conservation.
MISSION: Development of a highly competitive human resource, cutting-edge scientific knowledge and innovative technologies for sustainable
communities and environment.