322 11.

DIMENSIONING §358

as possible and cross as few lines as possible. They should never run through a corner
of a view or through any specific points or intersections.
Notes are classified as general notes when they apply to an entire drawing, or local
notes whenthey apply to specific items.
General Notes. General notes should be lettered in the lower right-hand corner
of the drawing, above or to the left of the title block, or in a central position below
the view to which they apply; e.g.: FINISH ALL OVER, or SHARPBREAK
EDGES TO A R; or SAE 3345-BRINELL 340-380; or ALL DRAFT
ANGLES 3°
UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED, or DIMENSIONS APPLY AFTER PLAT-
ING. In machine drawings, the title strip or title block will carry many general
notes, including material, general tolerances, heat treatment, pattern information,
etc. See Fig. 721.
Local Notes. Local notes apply to specific operations only, and are connected
by a leader to the point at which such operations are performed; e.g.: \ DRILL-4
HOLES; or ^X 45° CHAMFER; or 33p. DIAMOND KNURL, RAISED. The
leader should be attached at the front of the first word of a note, or just after the last
word, and not at any intermediate place.
For information on notes applied to holes, see §349.
Certain commonly used abbreviations may be used freely in notes, as THD,
DIA, MAX, etc. The less common abbreviations should be avoided as much as
possible. All abbreviations should conform to ASA Z32. 13-1950. See Appendix 4
for American Standard abbreviations.
In general, leaders and notes should not be placed on the drawing until the dimen-
sioning is substantially completed. If notes are lettered first, it will be found almost
invariably that they will be in the way of necessary dimensions, and will have to
be moved.

357. Dimensioning of Threads. Local notes are used to specify dimensions of

threads. For tapped holes the notes should, if possible, be attached to the circular

views of the holes, as shown in Fig. 616 (g). For external threads, the notes are usually
placed in the longitudinal views where the threads are more easily recognized, as
at (v) and (w). For a detailed discussion of thread notes, see §410.

358. Dimensioning of Tapers. A taper is a conical surface on a shaft or in a

hole. The usual method of dimensioning a taper is to give the amount of taper per
foot in a note as: TAPER 2" PER FT (often with TO
GAGE added), and then to
give the diameter at one end, plus the length, or give the diameters at both ends and
omit the length. " Taper per foot" means the difference in diameter in one foot of length.
Standard machine tapers are used on machine spindles, shanks of tools, pins,

TAPER .125 ON DIA PER -TAPER .125 ON DIA PER

'INCH OF LENGTH INCH OF LENGTH
\ FIT TO GAGE _J . FIT TO GAGE
1
V 010

Fip. 617 Dimensioning Tapers.

§361 11. DIMENSIONING 323

etc.,and are described in "Machine Tapers, Self-Holding, and Steep Taper Series,"
ASA B5. 10-1953. Such standard tapers are dimensioned on a drawing by giving the
diameter, usually at the large end, the length, and a note, such as NO. 4 AMERICAN
STANDARD TAPER. See Fig. 617 (a).
For not-too-critical requirements, a taper may be dimensioned by giving the
diameter at the large end, the length, and the included angle, all with proper toler-
ances, (b). Or the diameters of both ends, plus the length, may be given with necessary
tolerances.
For close-fitting tapers, the amount of taper per inch on diameter is indicated as
shown at (c) and (d). A gage line is selected and located by a comparatively generous
tolerance, while other dimensions are given appropriate tolerances as required.

359. Dimensioning Chamfers. A chamfer is a beveled or sloping edge. When

the angle is not 45°, it is dimensioned by giving the length and the angle, as in Fig.

618(a). A 45° chamfer also may be dimensioned in a manner similar to that shown
at (a), but usually it is dimensioned by note as at (b).

X 45 CHAMFER *4 CENTER DRILL

7
<
(a) (b)

Fig. 618 Dimensioning Chamfers. Fig. 619 Shaft Center.

360. Shaft Centers. Shaft centers are required on shafts, spindles, and other
conical or cylindrical parts for turning, grinding, and other operations. Such a center
may be dimensioned as shown in Fig. 619. Normally the centers are produced by a
combined drill and countersink. See Appendix 42 for a table of shaft center sizes.
361. Dimensioning Keyways. Methods of dimensioning keyways for Woodruff
keys and stock keys are shown in Fig. 620. Note, in both cases, the use of a dimension

*
"I
AMER STD
015 DIA 808 FOR STOCK KEYS
WOODRUFF KEYSEAT

Fig. 620 Dimensioning Keyways.

to center the keyway in the shaft or collar. The preferred method of dimensioning
the depth of a keyway is to give the dimension from the bottom of the keyway to
the opposite side of the shaft or hole, as shown. The method of computing such a
dimension is shown at (d). Values for A may be found in machinists' hand books.
For general information about keys and keyways, see §423.