Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Copyright (C) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., PO Box C-700, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania. United States
FIG. 1 Diagram of Parallel-Beam Glossmeter Showing Apertures and Source Mirror-Image Position
FIG. 2 Diagram of Converging-Beam Glossmeter Showing Apertures and Source Mirror-Image Position
surface that may be dirty or abrasive. Always hold standards at subtract it algebraically from subsequent readings or adjust the
the side edges to avoid getting oil from the skin on the standard instrument to read zero.
surface. Clean the standards in warm water and a mild 9.3 Calibrate the instrument at the start and completion of
detergent solution brushing gently with a soft nylon brush. (Do every period of glossmeter operation, and during the operation
not use soap solutions to clean standards, because they can at sufficiently frequent intervals to assure that the instrument
leave a film.) Rinse standards in hot running water (tempera- response is practically constant. To calibrate, adjust the instru-
ture near 150°F (65°C)) to remove detergent solution, followed ment to read correctly the gloss of a highly polished standard,
by a final rinse in distilled water. Do not wipe standards. The properly positioned and oriented, and then read the gloss of a
polished black glass high-gloss standard may be dabbed gently working standard in the mid-gloss range. If the instrument
with a lint-free paper towel or other lint-free absorbent reading for the second standard does not agree within one unit
material. Place the rinsed standards in a warm oven to dry. of its assigned values, check cleanliness and repeat. If the
instrument reading for the second standard still does not agree
8. Preparation and Selection of Test Specimens within one unit of its assigned value, repeat with another
8.1 This test method does not cover preparation techniques. mid-range standard. If the disparity is still more than one unit,
Whenever a test for gloss requires the preparation of test do not use the instrument without readjustment, preferably by
specimens, use the procedures given in Practice D823. the manufacturer.
NOTE 3—To determine the maximum gloss obtainable from a test 10. Procedure
material, such as a paint or varnish, use Methods B or C of Practice D823.
10.1 Position each specimen in turn beneath (or on) the
8.2 Select specimens in accordance with Practice D3964. glossmeter. For specimens with brush marks or similar texture
effects, place them in such a way that the directions of the
9. Instrument Calibration marks are parallel to the plane of the axes of the incident and
9.1 Operate the glossmeter in accordance with the manufac- reflected beams.
turer’s instructions. 10.2 Take at least three readings on a 3 by 6-in. (75 by
9.2 Verify the instrument zero by placing a black cavity in 150-mm) area of the test specimen. If the range is greater than
the specified position. If the reading is not within 60.1 of zero, two gloss units, take additional readings and calculate the mean
(1) Hunter, R. S., “Methods of Determining Gloss,” Proceedings, ASTM, ASTM and other societies, describing the background in the choice of
Vol 36, 1936, Part II, p. 783. Also, Journal of Research, Nat. Bureau geometry of these methods. Contains photographs depicting gloss
Standards, Vol 18, No. 1, January 1937, p. 19 (Research Paper characteristics of a variety of methods.
RP958). Six somewhat different appearance attributes are shown to be (7) Hunter, R. S., The Measurement of Appearance, Wiley-Interscience,
variously associated with gloss. Therefore, as many as six different New York, 1975, Chapter 6, “Scales for Gloss and Other Geometric
photometric scales may be required to handle all gloss measurement Attributes,” and Chapter 13, “Instruments for the Geometric Attributes
problems. (This paper is out of print). of Object Appearance.”
(2) Hunter, R. S., and Judd, D. B., “Development of a Method of (8) Horning, S. C., and Morse, M. P., “Measurement of the Gloss of Paint
Classifying Paint According to Gloss,” ASTM Bulletin, No. 97, Panels,” Offıcial Digest, Federation of Paint and Varnish Production
March 1939, p. 11. A comparison is made of several geometrically Clubs, March 1947, p. 153. A study of the effect of geometric
different photometric scales for separating paint finishes for gloss. The conditions on results of gloss tests with special attention to high-gloss
geometric conditions of test later incorporated in Test Method D523 panels.
are recommended. (9) Huey, S., Hunter, R. S., Schreckendgust, J. G., and Hammond, H. K.,
(3) Wetlaufer, L. A., and Scott, W. E., “The Measurement of Gloss,” III, “Symposium on Gloss Measurement,” Offıcial Digest, Vol 36,
Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Analytical Edition, Vol 12, No. 471, April 1964, p. 343. Contains discussion of industrial
November 1940, p. 647. A goniophotometric study of a number of experience in measurement of 60° specular gloss (Huey), high-gloss
paint finishes illuminated at 45°; a study of gloss readings affected by measurement (Hunter), evaluation of low-gloss finishes with 85° sheen
variation of aperture for 45 and 60° incidence. measurements (Schreckendgust), and gloss standards and glossmeter
(4) Hunter, R. S., “The Gloss Measurement of Paint Finishes,” ASTM standardization (Hammond).
Bulletin, No. 150, January 1948, p. 72. History of Test Method D523. (10) Billmeyer, F. W., Jr., O’Donnell, F. X. D., “Visual Gloss Scaling and
(5) Hammond, H. K., III, and Nimerroff, I., “Measurement of Sixty- Multidimensional Scaling Analysis of Painted Specimens,” Color
Degree Specular Gloss,” Journal of Research, Nat. Bureau Standards. Research and Application, Vol 12, 1987, pp 315–326. Compares
A study of the effect of aperture variation on glossmeter readings, visual difference ratings with instrumental measurements of specular
including definitions of terms used in connection with specular gloss gloss, distinctness of image gloss, and haze for series of black, gray,
measurement, the Fresnel equation in a form readily usable for and white painted specimens. The data are analyzed by multidimen-
computation, and the deviation of diffuse correction formulas. sional scaling.
(6) Hunter, R. S., “Gloss Evaluation of Materials,” ASTM Bulletin, No. (11) Budde, W., “Stability Problems in Gloss Measurements,” Journal of
186, December 1952, p. 48. A study of the history of gloss methods in Coatings Technology, Vol 52, June 1980, pp. 44–48.
ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.
This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/
COPYRIGHT/).