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A Comparative Study on Influence of Various Vertical Aspect Ratios on

Influence of Seismic Performance of Regular Shape Multi-storied R.C.C.
Buildings

Research · February 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.27408.25602

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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
Volume 2 Issue 1

A Comparative Study on Influence of Various Vertical Aspect

Ratios on Influence of Seismic Performance of Regular Shape
Multi-storied R.C.C. Buildings
Md. Mohiuddin Ahmed *, Sumsunnaher Tonny2, Maqsuda Haque3, Subrata Roy4,
Nazmus Sakib Ahmed5
1, 3, 4, 5
Lecturer, Department of Civil Engineering, UITS. 2Department of Civil Engineering,
University of Asia Pacific (UAP)
*Corresponding Author
Email Id: mohiahmed22@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
The seismic performance of both regular shape and irregular shape buildings depends on
the height of the building along with other important structural parameters. Increasing the
building height increases the base shear and base moment at the base of building. During
earthquake slender buildings are more vulnerable than any other buildings. Vertical
aspect ratio (H/L or H/B) affect the efficiency of structure for resisting lateral loadings.
The selection of structures configuration must be appropriate enough to withstand against
seismic force. In the present study, seven building models having different vertical aspect
ratios such as 1.875, 3, 3.75, 4.5, 5.625, 6.75 and 7.5 of 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 and 20 storeys
have been considered and their influence on the behavior of the RCC multistoried
buildings is demonstrated using the parameters for the design as per the BNBC-1993 for
the seismic zone- 2. The ETABS software has been used during the entire analysis
procedure. The outputs of this present study will help other engineers and researchers to
understand the influence of vertical aspect ratio on building performance.

Keywords: Vertical aspect ratio, building configuration, inter storey drift, maximum
lateral displacement, seismic base shear, overturning moment.

INTRODUCTION lots of famous buildings too. It is not

Increasing the building height is quite
similar to increasing the span length of a
cantilever beam or slab. The ratio of
building height (h) to building width (b)
is known as slenderness ratio of any
building or structure. Increasing the
building height increases the base shear
and base moment at the base of building
or any other structures. Higher
slenderness buildings are more
vulnerable than any other buildings
during earthquake. Since base moment
increases the axial forces in building
components so it has become very
important criteria to check whether the
building is slender or not. There are lots
of slender structures have been building
around the world among them there are
prohibited to build slender building at all
but all the structure should have enough
ductility to sustain during earthquake.
Whether the building is slender or not the
most important thing is buildings or any
other structures should be built
earthquake resistive and stiff enough
against seismic force.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Ratio of height to least lateral dimension
of a building is termed as its slenderness
ratio or vertical ratio. It is not desirable to
have buildings with large slenderness
ratio, just like it is not good to have
buildings with large projecting arms and
large plan aspect ratio. Since the aspect
ratio is defined as the ratio of two

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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
lengths, it does not have any units and is
just a number. An object with a large
aspect ratio will appear to be more
slender than an object with a small aspect
ratio. During earthquake shaking,
buildings sway laterally and excessive
lateral displacement is not desirable.
Large lateral displacements cause
significant non-structural damage,
structural damage and even P-Δ effects
that lead to collapse of buildings. There
is no code defined definitions as what a
slender building is and what is not. It is a
very debatable issue but WSP a famous
Canadian firm in designing tall slender
buildings which also designed 432 parks
in New York (1:15) considered as one of
the most slender building, defines that a
slenderness ratio of above 1:7 is kind of
considered as slender. Recently buildings
with around slenderness ratio of 9 or
above are considered as slender. Twin
Towers were considered as slender
buildings with a slenderness ratio of 1:8
or so, even Burj Khalifa is a slender
building.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The main objectives of this study are
given below:
 To perform a comparative study of
the various seismic parameters of
reinforced concrete moment resisting
frames with varying number of
stories in vertical configurations to
investigate the effect of aspect ratios.
 To study the change in different
seismic response parameters due to
increasing building heights.
 To evaluate-base shear, overturning
moment, storey drift and storey
displacements for different vertical
aspect ratios.
 To compare on base shear,
overturning moment, storey drift and
storey displacements for different
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Volume 2 Issue 1
vertical aspect ratios.
 To propose the best suitable vertical
aspect ratio in the existing condition.
 Also, to compare the charts and
graphs to arrive to a conclusion on
stability among different vertical
aspect ratios.
METHODOLOGY OF THE
PRESENT STUDY
In the present study, BNBC (1993) based
Static Analysis is performed. This study
includes comparative study of behavior
of multi-storied R.C.C. building frames
considering different vertical aspect
ratios under earthquake forces.
Following steps of methods of analysis
are adopted in this study:
 To study the effect of vertical aspect
ratios on building structures, the
vertical aspect ratios have been
increased in terms of number of
stories- 5 stories, 8 stories, 10
stories, 12 stories, 15 stories, 18
stories and 20 stories. The base
model is 12m x 8m for all models.
 In the present study total 7 building
models have been analyzed with
different vertical aspect ratios
considering only height wise in
seismic zone-2 to study and compare
the performance of the structures
subjected to earthquake forces only.
 Only rectangular building frames are
used in this study. Rectangular
building frames have aspect ratios
1.875, 3, 3.75, 4.5, 5.625, 6.75 and
7.5 respectively.
 Each span is of 4.0 meter in length
and each storey is of 3.00 meter in
height. The dimension of beam is
12in x 24in, whereas 30in x 30in for
column
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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
Volume 2 Issue 1

Table 1. Descriptions of Building Model

Sr. No. Building Parameters Description
1 No. of stories 05, 08, 10, 12, 15, 18, 20
2 Floor to Floor Height 3m
3 Beam size 12in x 24in
4 Column size 30in x 30in
5 Thickness of slab 5 in
6 Concrete stress (f’c) 3.5ksi
7 Steel stress (fy) 60ksi
8 Self Weight of Slab 62.5psf
9 Floor finish (FF) 30psf
10 Partition wall (PW) 25psf
11 Lime Concrete (LC) 20psf
12 Live Load (LL) 40psf
13 Seismic zone-2 (Z) 0.15
14 Parameters analyzed Story Displacement, Story Drift, Base Shear &
Base Moment
15 Importance factor (I) 1.00
16 Material used Reinforced Cement Concrete
17 Purpose of Structure Residential use
18 Response Reduction factor (R) 8
19 Moment resistant factor (ct) 0.073
20 Soil type(S) 1.5
21 Codes referred BNBC 1993
22 Seismic Load Combination 1) 1.4DL+1.7LL
2) 1.05DL+1.275LL+1.4EQX
3) 1.05DL+1.275LL-1.4EQX
4) 1.05DL+1.275LL+1.4EQY
5) 1.05DL+1.275LL-1.4EQY

FINDINGS FROM DIFFERENT gradually whereas length and width of

VERTICAL ASPECT RATIOS the building models remain same. Hence,
In this study, 7 building models have there are seven different building
been analyzed with different vertical elevations having different vertical aspect
aspect ratios (1.875, 3.0, 3.75, 4.5, 5.625, ratios are given below.
6.75 and 7.5). Building height increases

3D view of 5 story Building 3D view of 8 story Building

Vertical aspect ratio = 1.875 Vertical aspect ratio = 3.0

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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
Volume 2 Issue 1

3D view of 10 story Building 3D view of 12 story Building

Vertical aspect ratio = 3.75 Vertical aspect ratio = 4.5

3D view of 15 story Building 3D view of 18 story Building

Vertical aspect ratio = 5.625 Vertical aspect ratio = 6.75

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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
Volume 2 Issue 1

3D view of 20 story Building

Vertical aspect ratio = 7.5

Fig. 1. Elevation view of Model-1, Model-2, Model-3, Model-4, Model-5, Model-6 and
Model-7

Fig. 2. Displacement (mm) Vs No of Stories

From the above observations, we can 2. The displacement is minimum in

reach some conclusions those can be aspect ratio 1.875 whereas it is
1. If the vertical aspect ratios are maximum in aspect ratio 7.5.
increased, the displacement
increased.

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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
Volume 2 Issue 1

Fig. 3. Drift (mm) Vs No of Stories

From the above observations, we can 2. The displacement is minimum in

reach some conclusions those can be aspect ratio 1.875 whereas it is
1. If the vertical aspect ratios are maximum in aspect ratio 7.5
increased, the drift increased.

Fig. 4. Base shear (kip) Vs No of Stories

From the above observations, we can
reach some conclusions those can be
1. If the vertical aspect ratios are
increased, the base shear also
increased.
2. The base shear is minimum in aspect
ratio 1.875 whereas it is maximum in
aspect ratio 7.5

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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
Fig. 5. Base moment (kip-ft) Vs No of Stories
From the above observations, we can
reach some conclusions those can be
1. If the vertical aspect ratios are
increased, the base moment
increased excessively.
2. The base moment is minimum in
aspect ratio 1.875 whereas it is
maximum in aspect ratio 7.5
CONCLUSION
The comparison of results obtained from
Static Analysis, on the bases of seismic
parameters, has been carried out building
height wise.
 In this study, it has been revealed
that the base shear increases
gradually with increase in building
heights.
 The base shear is obtained lower for
5 storeys building (aspect ratio
1.875) and higher for 20 storeys
building (aspect ratio 7.5)
 The storey overturning moment
increases gradually with increase in
building heights. Lowest value is
obtained in case of 5 storeys building
whereas highest in case of 20 storeys
building.
 The storey drift increases gradually
with increase in number of storeys.
The storey drift is obtained lower for
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Volume 2 Issue 1
vertical aspect ratio 1.875 (5 storeys)
and higher for vertical aspect ratio
7.5 (20 storeys)
 The storey displacement increases
tremendously with increase in
number of storeys. The storey
displacement is obtained lower for
vertical aspect ratio 1.875 (5 storeys)
and higher for vertical aspect ratio
7.5 (20 storeys).
 According to BNBC 2015 all the
drift values lies in between allowable
drift value.
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the present study the following
points can be recommended:
 It can be concluded that all the
seismic parameters such as base
shear, storey shear, storey
overturning moment, storey drift and
storey displacement increase
excessively and tremendously with
the increases of building height.
 In comparison of different
configurations 5 storeys building
which have aspect ratio 1.875
performs better since they have low
values of base shear, storey shear
and storey overturning moment.
Therefore, configurations which
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 Journal of Structural Engineering, its Applications and Analysis
Volume 2 Issue 1

have higher vertical ratios should be 5. Md. Nazmul Haq, Wahid Hassan,
avoided. Md. Arman Chowdhury, Evaluation
 There is no specific guideline in of the Impact of Dynamic Analysis on
BNBC-1993 & BNBC-2015 about Different Building Height,
slender buildings. Proper initiative International Journal of Science and
should be taken by responsible Research (IJSR), India Online ISSN:
authorities to include guidelines for 2319-7064 Volume 2 Issue 8, August
slender building. 2013
 The study can be done for irregular 6. S.S. Patil, S.A. Ghadge, C.G.
shape buildings (Vertical Konapure, and C.A. Ghadge, Seismic
irregularity, mass irregularity, Analysis of High-Rise Building by
stiffness irregularity etc.) Response Spectrum Method,
International Journal of
REFERENCES Computational Engineering
1. BNBC (1993), Bangladesh National Research, March 2013, Vol. 3 Issue.
Building Code. 3
2. BNBC (2015), Bangladesh National 7. Abhay Guleria , Structural Analysis
Building Code. of a Multi-Storeyed Building using
3. Murty, C.V.R.,(2005), IITK-BMTPC ETABS for different Plan
Earthquake Tips Learning Configurations, International Journal
Earthquake Design and Construction, of Engineering
National Information Center of Research&Technology (IJERT) Vol.
Earthquake Engineering, IIT Kanpur, 3 Issue 5,May- 2014
India. 8. Dileshwar Rana, Prof. Juned
4. Murty, C.V.R., Goswami, R., Raheem, Seismic Analysis of Regular
Vijayanarayanan, A.R. and Mehta, V. & Vertical Geometric Irregular RCC
(2012). Earthquake Behavior of Framed Building, International
Buildings. Gujarat State Disaster Research Journal of Engineering and
Management Authority, Technology (IRJET Volume: 02,
Gandhinagar. Issue: 04 July-2015)

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