WEL COME TO SENA ENGLISH PROGRAM “SEP”

English right here right now

UNIT 3

BUSINESS AND ENTERTAINMENT

RAP 5: Leer textos complejos y con un vocabulario más específico, en inglés general y técnico.

RAP 6: Buscar de manera sistemática información específica y detallada en escritos en inglés, más estructurados y con mayor
contenido técnico

CONTEXT: GIVING ADVICE AND TALKING ABOUT PLANS AND FUTURE EVENTS.

ABC’S TOCK,TALK TRAIN YOU BRAIN KEEP UP WRITE IT UP! HANDS-ON

READING

Phrasal verbs Cities comparison Clauses Bogota: The Best Talk to a foreign PPP How to export
Idioms Conditional 2 Business tourist a product
Environment in
Reported Speech South America

COLOMBIA: Our
History and
Products
A. BEFORE START
a. Look at these profiles of San Francisco and New York city. Then answer the questions
below.

San Francisco New York City

San Francisco New York City

Population 735.000 7.380.906
Cost home $550.000 $820.000
Unemployment rate 3.3% 8.1%
Snowfall 0 centimeters per year 74 centimeters per year
rainfall 5.3 centimeters per year 102 centimeters per year
Crimes committed per 7.595 5.212
100.000 people

1. Which city would you recommended to someone who….?

Is desperate to find a job enjoys being around a lot of people

Wants to buy a first home hates wet weather
Likes winter sports is concerned about crime

Write complete sentences using Zero or First conditional.

B. LET’S START

Bogota: The Best Business Environment in South America

http://www.investincolombia.com.co/news/733-bogota-the-best-business-environment-in-south-america.html

According to the first edition of Ranking of South American States of the Future, a study
carried out by the FDI Magazine of the Financial Times Group, placed Bogota as the city with
the best business environment, beating out big capitals such as Sao Paulo, Santiago, Rio de
Janeiro, and Buenos Aires.

The qualification was given due to the city’s economic potential, numerous expansion projects
of multinational companies, the amount of employees created thanks to foreign direct
investment, and their risk rating.

In addition, Bogota was also ranked amongst the top five cities of the future out of 237 others.

Amongst numerous other rankings, Bogota was qualified as one of the four most important
regions of South America due to its economic potential and as sixth region because of its
human capital.

Juan Gabriel Pérez, Director of Invest in Bogota says that more than 1,500 foreign societies
have business operations in Bogota.

The increased growth in foreign investment and its one of a kind business environment in
Bogota is because of an urban, economic, social, and culture transformation that has allowed
Bogota to turn into such an attractive destination.   

WRITE IT UP!

a. Check the underlined words and figure out their meaning according to the context of the
text.

b. According to the reading answer the questions below:

1. Why was Bogotá qualified as one of the most important regions of South America?
2. How many foreign societies do have business in Bogotá according to Juan Gabriel Pérez?

3. How the multinational companies have contributed to Bogotá's financial growth?

4. Was Bogotá ranked amongst the top ten cities of the future out of 237 others?

TRAIN YOUR BRAIN

Reported speech
 
It’s when people tell what somebody have said.
 

Direct speech When you say exactly what the other people said.

Examples:  You’re always saying: “people must be honest with

each other.
 I asked Thomas: “what’s he like?”

Indirect speech When you tell what someone said but with you own words,
taking into account: time, verb tenses, pronouns and other
facts.

Examples:  You’re always saying (that) people should be honest

with each other
 I asked Thomas what he was like.
 

c. Choose a paragraph from the reading and transform it using Reported Speech. Check
Appendix I to see the changes.

1. Rewrite the following in reported speech.

a) John said, "I love this town."

John said __________________.

b) "Don't play in front of my window!"

Mrs. Smith told us _____________ in front of her window.

c) "What have you decided to do?" she asked him.

She asked him ____________________.
 d) "Don't be nasty," he said.
He urged me ________________.

e) "Where have you been?" he asked me.

He wanted to know ______________.

WRITE IT UP!
Work with a partner. Ask him/her about a city he/she has visited. Then report the information
you got. You can use the following questions and add some more:
Which city did you visit?
What is the food like in that city?
What is the weather like there?
How do you like visiting that place?
Who did you go with?

TOCK TALK
Act it out!

In groups of two people, imagine that you had to give a foreign tourist a tour in your city
for a day. Create a dialogue where you describe the activities you did and what you talked
about. Examples:

 What historic buildings or places did you visit?

 She told me that she wanted to see the Salt Cathedral, so I took her there.


 TRAIN YOUR BRAIN

Second conditional:
 
Situations will probably never happen at present or in future (unreal).

Type 2: If clause - Simple Past Main clause: would+infinitive

Example: If I lived in Australia, I would be a sheep farmer.
 

1. Circle the correct answer

1. If I _________ (win) the lottery, I'd travel around the world.

a) win b) would win c) won

2. The streets would be wet if it _______ (rain).

a) rained b) is raining c) was raining

3. The teacher would help me if he ________ (have) time.

a) has b) had c) has had

4. If we had enough money, we ____________ (travel) more often.

a) would travel b) travel c) traveled

5. If I got promoted at work, I _________ (get) a salary increase

a) Will get b) got c) would get

2. Go to the next link and take a screetshot to your score.

http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/secondconditional/exercise3.swf

TOCK, TALK
Discuss these questions:

 What´s the largest city you’ve ever been to?

 What´s your favorite city to visit? Why?
 If you could choose a city to live in, which would it be? Why?

What would you do if you won the lottery?

Make a list of what you would do first, second, third and so on. Choose from the list below, or
suggest ideas of your own.

 Buy a car
 Buy a house
 Go on vacation
 Give up mu studies/job
 Put the money on the bank
 Make a donation to charity
 Buy presents for my friends and family

Read the following extract and then answer the questions:

COLOMBIA: Our History and Products

Colombia is geographically privileged, because it is in the strategic

corner of latinamerica, it is the only country in South America that
has shores in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Colombia have all
thermic levels and one of the greatest biodiversities of the world. Its
exportable offer is variety and supported by a modern and high
capacity sea and air infrastructure.
 
The Colombian fauna is immensely varied because of the convergence of the two
oceans fauna, the different thermic levels of the Andes mountain range and the
extensive plains and tropical forests. There are almost 300 species of mammals, a lot
of reptiles, fishes and frogs in Colombia; from the insects, we can highlight, because
of their beauty and size, the butterflies of Muzo, considered as a trophy for the
collectors from all around the world; but in the Colombian fauna, the species which has the
biggest variety are the birds, because the third part of these species live in Colombia.

The rich variety of craftsmanship comes from the different cultural

traditions and the variety of raw material. The Indians hand made
baskets are fibers such as palms, fique, straw, sparto and junco,
and they come principally from Chocó, the Atlantic coast and the
east part of Colombia, places where the Indians communities still
subsist. 
 
In Colombia you can also find coal, petroleum, gas and emeralds which are the most beautiful in
the planet. The country's industry is divided in many sectors with an unlimited variety of
products, not only the traditional ones from which the country is known, and currently a main
Government policy is to promote exportations of all Colombian products. One more reason of
many to have Colombia as one of the leading providers in the world of all kind of products!
Taken from: http://www.productsofcolombia.com/main/Colombia.asp

1. How do you think Colombia’s economy would change if we weren’t surrounded by two
oceans?
2. Do you think all the geographical advantages that Colombia has are well used?
3. If you were an entrepreneur, how would you take those advantages for your economical
benefit?

KEEP UP READING!

How to export a product

1. First, you need to ask yourself whether you are going to export a product or a service.
2. You need to do a registration process as an exporter.
3. You need to make a market survey and investigate the demand of your product or
service.
4. Ask if your product or service needs special permission or authorization for export.
5. You need to do customs procedures and prepare the documents required.
6. Check your customer’s means of payment.
7. Find the most suitable way to send your product/service.

Take a look at the most popular products exported by Colombia

HANDS ON!

Consolidation Activity

In groups of three, think about a product or a service you would like to create a company
about.

Create a Power Point presentation of at least 4 slides and describe the following:

 What would the product or service be? Describe its characteristics and the reason why
you choose that product/service.
 If you had the possibility to export your product or service, which country would you
export it to? Why?
 Why do you think you would be successful with this business idea?
 Do a research about the export situation of the product/service you chose. Report what
you found.

Don’t forget to use the second conditional structure and reported speech to answer all the
questions.

Appendix I

Changes in Reported Speech

Verb Tenses:

Direct speech Indirect speech

Present Simple Past Simple

 She said he was American.
"He's American," she said.

"I'm happy to see you," Mary said. Mary said that she was happy to see me.

He asked, "Are you busy tonight?" He asked me if I was busy that night.

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Dan is living in San Francisco," she said. She said Dan was living in San Francisco.

He said, "I'm making dinner." He told me that he was making dinner.

"Why are you working so hard?" they asked. They asked me why I was working so hard.

Past Simple Past Perfect Simple

He told me they had gone to the movies the

"We went to the movies last night," he said.
night before.

Greg said that he hadn't gone to work the day

"Greg said, "I didn't go to work yesterday."
before.

"Did you buy a new car?" she asked. She asked me if I had bought a new car.

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Vicki told me she'd been working late the

"I was working late last night," Vicki said.
night before.

They said, "we weren't waiting long." They said that they hadn't been waitinglong.

"He asked, "were you sleeping when I
He asked if I'd been sleeping when he called.
called?"

Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple

"Heather said, "I've already eaten." Heather told me that she'd already eaten

"We haven't been to China," they said. They said they hadn't been to China.

"Have you worked here before?" I asked. I asked her whether she'd worked therebefore.

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

"I've been studying English for two years,"he He said he'd been studying English for two
said. years.

"Steve said, "we've been dating for over a Steve told me that they'd been dating for over
year now." a year.

"Have you been waiting long?" they asked. They asked whether I'd been waiting long.

Past Perfect Simple Past Perfect Simple (*NO CHANGE)

He said that he'd been to Chicago before for

"I'd been to Chicago before for work," he said.
work.

Past Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (*NO CHANGE)

She said, "I'd been dancing for years before She said she'd been dancing for years before
the accident." the accident.

Modal Verbs

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Will Would

John said he would go to the moviesthe next

 "I'll go to the movies tomorrow," John said.
day.

 "Will you help me move?" she asked.

She asked me if I would help her move.

Can Could

 Debra said, "Allen can work tomorrow." Debra said Allen could work the next day.

 "Can you open the window, please?", he

He asked me if I could open the window.
asked.

Must Had to

 "You must wear your seatbelt," mom said. My mom said I had to wear my seatbelt.

 She said, "You must work tomorrow." She said I had to work the next day.

Shall Should

 "Shall we go to the beach today?" Tom Tom asked if we should go to the beachthat

asked. day.

 "What shall we do tonight?" she asked. She asked me what we should do that night.

May Might/Could

Jane said she might not be in class the next

Jane said, "I may not be in class tomorrow."
day.
The boy asked. "May I use the bathroom,
The boy asked if he could use the bathroom.
please?"the boy asked.

Time/ day

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

today that day
tonight that night
this week/month/year that week/month/year
tomorrow the next day
next week/month/year the following week/month/year
yesterday the day before/the previous day
the day/month/year before o the previous
last week/month/year
day/month/year
now then/at that moment