Problem set 1

The University of Western Australia

Energy (ENSC2002)

Adapted from YA Çengel, MA Boles, Thermodynamics: an engineering approach, 7th ed.,

2008.

1. Complete this table for water.

T, °C P, kPa , m3/kg s, kJ/kgK Phase description

50 7.72
400 Saturated vapour
250 500
110 350

2. Complete this table for R134a.

T, °C P, kPa h, kJ/kg x Phase

description
600 180
-10 0.6
-14 500
1200 300.61
44 1.0

3. Examine the pressure-enthalpy (P-h) and temperature-entropy (T-s) diagrams of

R134a.

For the P-h diagram, identify the subcooled, two phase, and superheated regions.
Identify the isotherms (constant temperature lines), isentropes (constant entropy
lines), iso-density lines, and iso-quality lines.

The P-h diagram is very useful for the analysis of chiller thermodynamic cycle.

For the T-s diagram, identify the subcooled, two phase, and superheated regions.
Identify the isenthalps (constant enthalpy lines), isobars (constant pressure lines),
iso-density lines, and iso-quality lines.

The T-s diagram is very useful for the analysis of both chiller and power plant
thermodynamic cycles.

Prof. Hui Tong Chua 362

 4. Examine temperature-entropy (T-s) diagram of water. Identify the subcooled, two
phase, and superheated regions. Identify the isenthalps (constant enthalpy lines),
isobars (constant pressure lines), iso-density lines, and iso-quality lines.

This is the cornerstone for the analysis of steam turbine power plant.

5. Plot the state points in question 1 on the T-s diagram of water.

6. Plot the state points in question 2 on the P-h diagram of R134a.

Prof. Hui Tong Chua 363

Prof. Hui Tong Chua 364
Prof. Hui Tong Chua 365
Prof. Hui Tong Chua 366
 Problem set 1 solutions
T °C p kPa v m3/kg s kJ/kg-K Phase
50 12.35 7.72 5.435 Two-phase
143.61 400 0.4624 6.8955 Saturated vapor
250 500 0.4744 7.2724 Superheated
110 350 0.001052 1.4188 Subcooled
1.

a. From the Properties of Saturated Water Properties by Temperature Table at

50 °C, 𝑣𝑓 = 0.001007 m3/kg and 𝑣𝑔 = 12.03 m3/kg. Hence from the problem
statement 𝑣𝑓 < 𝑣 < 𝑣𝑔 and therefore the system is two-phase with 𝑝 = 𝑝 𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
12.35 kPa.
(7.72 − 0.001007) m3 /kg
𝑥= = 0.642
(12.03 − 0.001007) m3 /kg
𝑠 = (1 − 0.642) × 0.7038 kJ⁄kg − K + 0.642 × 8.0748 kJ⁄kg − K
= 5.435 kJ⁄kg − K

b. From the Properties of Saturated Water Properties by Pressure Table at 400

kPa:
𝑇 = 143.61 °C, 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑔 = 0.4624 m3 /kg, 𝑠 = 𝑠𝑔 = 6.8955 kJ⁄kg − K

c. From the Properties of Saturated Water Properties by Temperature Table at

250 °C, 𝑝 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 3.976 MPa > 500 kPa, therefore the steam is superheated. From
the Superheated Water Properties Table at 250 °C, 0.50 MPa:
𝑣 = 0.4744m3 /kg, 𝑠 = 7.2724 kJ⁄kg − K

d. From the Properties of Saturated Water Properties by Temperature Table at

110 °C, 𝑝 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 0.14338 MPa < 350 kPa, therefore the system is a subcooled

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liquid. Away from the critical point, liquids are nearly incompressible and as a
consequence of this the properties of a subcooled liquid are a function of
temperature but only very weakly a function of pressure. Hence we can
approximate the properties of the subcooled liquid by looking at the properties of
the saturated liquid at the same temperature.
𝑠𝑎𝑡 3
𝑣110 °C,350 kPa ≈ 𝑣𝑓,110 °C = 0.001052 m ⁄kg
𝑠𝑎𝑡
𝑠110 °C,350 kPa ≈ 𝑠𝑓,110 °C = 1.4188 kJ⁄kg − K

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2. T °C p kPa h kJ/kg x Phase
-15.11 600 180 0 Subcooled
-10 201.1 310.28 0.6 Two-phase
-14 500 181.45 0 Subcooled
46.31 1200 300.61 0.22 Two-phase
44 1.0 Under constrained

a. From the Saturated R134a Properties by Pressure Table at 600 kPa, ℎ𝑓 =

229.68 kJ/kg > 180 kJ/kg. Therefore the system is subcooled and x = 0.
Using linear interpolation from the saturated liquid enthalpy values:
(180 − 179.37) kJ⁄kg
𝑇 = −15.59 °C + × (−12.71 + 15.59) °C
(183.13 − 179.37) kJ⁄kg
= −15.11 °C

b. From the Saturated R134a Properties by Temperature Table at -10 °C:

(−10 + 12) °C
𝑝 = 0.18524 MPa + × (0.21693 − 0.18524) MPa
(−8 + 12) °C
= 0.2011 MPa
(−10 + 12) °C
ℎ𝑓 = 184.07 kJ⁄kg + × (189.34 − 184.07) kJ⁄kg
(−8 + 12) °C
= 186.70 kJ/kg
(−10 + 12) °C
ℎ𝑔 = 391.46 kJ⁄kg + × (393.87 − 391.46) kJ⁄kg
(−8 + 12) °C
= 392.66 kJ/kg
With x = 0.6,
ℎ = (1 − 0.6) × 186.70 kJ⁄kg + 0.6 × 392.66 𝑘𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔 = 310.28 kJ/kg

c. From the Saturated R134a Properties by Pressure Table at 500 kPa, 𝑇 𝑠𝑎𝑡 =
15.73 °C > −14 °C. Therefore the system is subcooled and x = 0. From the
Saturated R134a Properties by Temperature Table at -14 °C

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 (−14 + 16) °C
ℎ ≈ ℎ𝑓,14 °𝐶 = 178.83 kJ⁄kg + × (184.07 − 178.83) kJ⁄kg
(−12 + 16) °C
= 181.45 kJ/kg

d. From the Saturated R134a Properties by Pressure Table at 1.2 MPa: ℎ𝑓 =

265.95 kJ⁄kg < 300.61 kJ⁄kg < 422.04 kJ⁄kg = ℎ𝑔 . Therefore the system
is two-phase and 𝑇 = 𝑇 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 46.31 °C.
(300.61 − 265.95) kJ/kg
𝑥= = 0.22
(422.04 − 265.95) kJ/kg

e. The system is under constrained. It could be a saturated vapor such that

𝑝 = 𝑝 𝑠𝑎𝑡 = 1.1301 Mpa and ℎ = ℎ𝑔 = 421.11 kJ/kg. Alternately it could be
superheated with < 1.301 MPa . For instance if 𝑝 = 1.00 MPa then from the
Superheated R134a Properties Table:
(44 − 40) °C
ℎ = 419.86 kJ⁄kg + × (430.88 − 419.86) kJ⁄kg
(50 − 40) °C
= 424.27 kJ⁄kg

3. If you have questions about this problem, please discuss it with your group and if
you still aren’t sure about the lines and regions on the R134a p-h and T-s
diagrams ask your facilitator for help.

4. If you have questions about this problem, please discuss it with your group and if
you still aren’t sure about the lines and regions on the water T-s diagrams ask
your facilitator for help.

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Problem 5 Solution.

371
Problem 6 Solution.

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