5/17/2020 HR 6819 - Wikipedia

HR 6819
HR 6819, also known as HD 167128 or
QV Telescopii (abbreviated QV Tel), is a triple star HR 6819
system in the southern constellation of Telescopium.
It is located in the south-western corner of the
constellation, near its boundary with Pavo and Ara.
The system appears as a variable star that is dimly
visible to the naked eye with an apparent magnitude
that ranges from 5.32 down to 5.39, which is
comparable to the maximum brightness of the planet
Uranus. It is 1,120  light years from the Sun, and is
QV
drifting farther away at a rate of 9.4  km/s. A
May  2020 study reported that the system contains a
black hole, making the latter the closest known black
hole, and the first one located in a star system visible
Location of QV Tel (red circle) in the SW corner of
to the naked eye. Because of its location in the sky, it
the southern constellation of Telescopium
is visible only to observers south of 33°N latitude.
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0

Contents Constellation Telescopium

Right ascension  18h 17m 07.53179s[1]
Nomenclature
Declination −56° 01′ 24.0876″[1]
System
QV Tel Aa Apparent magnitude (V) 5.36[2] (5.32 to 5.39[3])
QV Tel Ab (black hole) Characteristics
QV Tel B Evolutionary stage giant
See also Spectral type B3IIIpe[4] or B3II/III[5]
References B−V color index −0.050 ± 0.018[2]
Variable type Be[6][3]

Nomenclature Astrometry

Radial velocity (Rv) +9.4 ± 0.5[7] km/s

HR 6819 is the Bright Star Catalogue designation for
this star. It also has the Henry Draper Catalogue Proper motion (μ) RA: -3.667[1] mas/yr
designation HD 167128 and the Hipparcos Dec.: +11.120[1] mas/yr
designation HIP 89605.[9] Since its brightness varies, Parallax (π) 2.9148 ± 0.1828[1] mas
it has been given the variable star designation QV
Distance 1,120 ± 70 ly
Telescopii, indicating that it is the 330th confirmed
(340 ± 20 pc)
variable star (excluding stars with Bayer
designations) in the constellation Telescopium.[6] Absolute magnitude (MV) −1.47[2]

Orbit[7]
System Primary QV Tel Aa

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR_6819 1/5
5/17/2020 HR 6819 - Wikipedia

HR  6819 is a Companion QV Tel Ab

hierarchical triple Period (P) 40.333 ± 0.004 d
containing a
classical Be star Eccentricity (e) 0.03 ± 0.01
in a wide orbit of Argument of periastron (ω) 89°
unknown period (secondary)
around an inner
40.3 day binary, a Semi-amplitude (K1) 61.3 ± 0.6 km/s
B3  III star and a (primary)
non-emitting Details[7]
Wide-field image of HR 6819 (non-accreting)
(center) in the constellation black hole QV Tel Aa
Telescopium (≥  5 ± 0.4  M☉), Mass 6.3 ± 0.7 M
designated Ab.[7] Radius 5.5 ± 0.5 R

HR 6819 was regarded as a single star,[10] until Surface gravity (log g) 3.5-4.0 cgs
astronomer Monika Maintz concluded the spectrum Temperature 20,000 ± 200 K
contained the signatures of two stars in 2009.
Rotational velocity (v sin i) 50 ± 1[8] km/s
However, extensive analysis was prevented by limited
observations. This took place after more extensive QV Tel Ab (black hole)
radial velocity measurements by Thomas Rivinius and Mass ≥ 5.0 ± 0.4 M
colleagues, suggesting the presence of an unseen
stellar-mass black hole within the system.[7] Though QV Tel B
the HR 6819 system has been described as a member Temperature 14,125-19,953 K
of the Sco OB2 association of co-moving stars,[11] a
more recent analysis indicates it is an older system Age 15-75 Myr
and not part of the association.[7] Other designations

The spectrum of HR 6819 contains both narrow and QV Tel, CD−56°7256, FK5 1474,
broadened lines. The broad lines originate from the GC 24906, HD 167128, HIP 89605,
rapidly-rotating Be star, while the narrow lines are HR 6819, SAO 245369[9]
from a more slowly-rotating B-class giant. The radial Database references
velocity variations of the lines indicate that the
normal B giant is in a 40-day orbit, but not with the SIMBAD data (http://simbad.u-st
Be star. Therefore, there is a third, invisible, body in rasbg.fr/simbad/sim-i
the system, the other component in the 40-day orbit. d?Ident=HD+167128)
Analysis of the orbital parameters suggests that the
third body is sufficiently massive that it can only be a black hole.[7]

QV Tel Aa

Now capable of being disambiguated as Aa (from A before),[7] the main, inner stellar component is a B3
III blue giant star. It has a mass of approximately 6  M☉. It and its unseen companion form an inner
binary with a period of 40.33 days.[7]

The spectral type of component Aa is well-defined at about B3 from the distinct narrow lines in the
composite spectrum. Comparison of different spectral lines indicates that the star is a giant star and that
its temperature is 16 to 18 kK. The probable mass of such a star is 6.3 M☉, and certainly not less than
5 M☉.[7]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR_6819 2/5
5/17/2020 HR 6819 - Wikipedia

QV Tel Ab (black hole)

Radial velocity measurements of the seen inner component Aa

analysed in 2020 indicate that it has a massive unseen companion
Ab, which is very likely to be a black hole.[7] Being 1,120 light years
distant from the Sun, this would make it the closest known black
hole to the Sun.[2][12] As the host stellar system has an apparent
magnitude of  5.36, similar to the maximum brightness of planet
Uranus, the black hole is the first discovered in one of the 9,000
stellar systems visible to the naked eye.[2] The black hole is not
An artist's depiction of the orbits of
detected in the spectrum and no x-rays have been observed, so any
the HR 6819 (QV Tel) hierarchical
triple star system, including the
accretion disk around it would have to be a very weak one.[7]
black hole Ab (red orbit) in the inner
binary
The orbital motion of the visible blue giant shows that the minimum
mass of the unseen component Ab is almost as large as that of
component Aa. Given the strict minimum mass 5 M☉ of component
Aa, this means a minimum mass of 4.2 M☉. If the inclination of the orbit is not edge-on to us, then the
mass is higher. Any single star with a mass that high would be easily detected in the spectrum, and
objects which might be undetectable such as neutron stars cannot be that massive. Therefore, the object
Ab is inferred to be a black hole.[7]

QV Tel B

The second, outer stellar component designated as B is a type  Be star with a stellar classification of
B3IIIpe.[4] The 'e' suffix indicates emission lines in its spectrum. It is a rapidly rotating blue-white star
with a hot disk of decreted gas surrounding it.[13] The General Catalogue of Variable stars have given to
the star system an entry and resultant designation (i.e. as a variable) due to this star, noting variability
akin to but not properly of the Gamma Cassiopeiae type.[6] It is an estimated 50 million years in age,[14]
with a projected rotational velocity of 50 km/s.[8]

The emission lines in the spectrum are strong, but absorption lines from the Be star are weak and so the
exact spectral type is difficult to determine. Overall the spectral class is similar to the inner blue giant,
but the relative weakness of some luminosity-dependant lines suggest that it is a main sequence star. It
appears to be slightly hotter and slightly less luminous than the inner giant star, but the exact properties
are difficult to determine due to its rapid rotation, the weak absorption lines, and the presence of strong
emission lines from the disk.[7]

See also
LB-1, a binary system with a B star and a non-accreting black hole or neutron star.[7][15]

References
1. Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the
contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 616. A1. arXiv:1804.09365 (https://arxiv.
org/abs/1804.09365). Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018A&A...6
16A...1G). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 (https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F20183305

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR_6819 3/5
5/17/2020 HR 6819 - Wikipedia

1). Gaia DR2 record for this source (http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-S?Gaia%20DR2%206649

357561810851328) at VizieR.
2. Anderson, E.; Francis, Ch. (2012). "XHIP: An extended Hipparcos compilation". Astronomy Letters.
38 (5): 331. arXiv:1108.4971 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1108.4971). Bibcode:2012AstL...38..331A (https://
ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AstL...38..331A). doi:10.1134/S1063773712050015 (https://doi.org/1
0.1134%2FS1063773712050015).
3. "QV Telescopii" (https://www.aavso.org/vsx/index.php?view=detail.top&oid=36573). Variable Star
Index. Retrieved 6 May 2020.
4. Hiltner, W.A.; Garrison, R.F.; Schild, R.E. (July 1969). "MK spectral types for bright southern
OB stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 157: 313. Bibcode:1969ApJ...157..313H (https://ui.adsabs.har
vard.edu/abs/1969ApJ...157..313H). doi:10.1086/150069 (https://doi.org/10.1086%2F150069).
5. Houk, Nancy (1979). Michigan catalogue of two-dimensional spectral types for the HD stars. 1. Ann
Arbor, Michigan: Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan. Bibcode:1978mcts.book.....H (htt
ps://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1978mcts.book.....H).
6. Samus, N.N.; Kazarovets, E.V.; Durlevich, O.V.; Kireeva, N. N.; Pastukhova, E.N. (2017). "General
Catalogue of Variable Stars". Astronomy Reports. 5.1. 61 (1): 80–88. Bibcode:2017ARep...61...80S
(https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ARep...61...80S). doi:10.1134/S1063772917010085 (https://
doi.org/10.1134%2FS1063772917010085).
7. Rivinius, Th.; Baade, D.; Hadrava, P.; Heida, M.; Klement, R. (2020). "A naked-eye triple system with
a nonaccreting black hole in the inner binary". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 637 (L3): 11.
arXiv:2005.02541 (https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.02541). Bibcode:2020A&A...637L...3R (https://ui.adsab
s.harvard.edu/abs/2020A&A...637L...3R). doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202038020 (https://doi.org/10.105
1%2F0004-6361%2F202038020).
8. Arcos, C.; Kanaan, S.; Chávez, J.; Vanzi, L.; Araya, I.; Curé, M. (March 2018). "Stellar parameters
and H-α line profile variability of Be stars in the BeSOS survey". Monthly Notices of the Royal
Astronomical Society. 474 (4): 5287–5299. arXiv:1711.08675 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.08675).
Bibcode:2018MNRAS.474.5287A (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.474.5287A).
doi:10.1093/mnras/stx3075 (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fmnras%2Fstx3075).
9. "HD 167128" (http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/simbad/sim-basic?Ident=HD+167128). SIMBAD. Centre de
données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
10. Eggleton, P.P.; Tokovinin, A.A. (September 2008). "A catalogue of multiplicity among bright stellar
systems". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 389 (2): 869–879. arXiv:0806.2878 (htt
ps://arxiv.org/abs/0806.2878). Bibcode:2008MNRAS.389..869E (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2
008MNRAS.389..869E). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13596.x (https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1365-29
66.2008.13596.x).
11. Brown, A.G.A.; Verschueren, W. (1997). "High S/N Echelle spectroscopy in young stellar groups. II.
Rotational velocities of early-type stars in SCO OB2". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 319: 811.
arXiv:astro-ph/9608089 (https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9608089). Bibcode:1997A&A...319..811B (http
s://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997A&A...319..811B).
12. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/uranusfact.html
13. Jaschek, M.; Egret, D. (April 1982). "Catalog of Be stars". IAU Symposium. 98: 261.
Bibcode:1982IAUS...98..261J (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982IAUS...98..261J).
14. Tetzlaff, N.; Neuhäuser, R.; Hohle, M.M. (January 2011). "A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos
stars within 3 kpc from the Sun". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 410 (1): 190–
200. arXiv:1007.4883 (https://arxiv.org/abs/1007.4883). Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410..190T (https://ui.a
dsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011MNRAS.410..190T). doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17434.x (https://doi.o
rg/10.1111%2Fj.1365-2966.2010.17434.x).
15. Irrgang, A.; Geier, S.; Kreuzer, S.; Pelisoli, I.; Heber, U. (January 2020). "A stripped helium star in the
potential black hole binary LB-1" (https://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2020/01/aa37343-19/aa
37343-19.html). Astronomy and Astrophysics (Letter to the Editor). 633: L5. doi:10.1051/0004-
6361/201937343 (https://doi.org/10.1051%2F0004-6361%2F201937343).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR_6819 4/5
5/17/2020 HR 6819 - Wikipedia

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HR_6819&oldid=957012514"

This page was last edited on 16 May 2020, at 15:14 (UTC).

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site,
you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a
non-profit organization.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HR_6819 5/5