Gliese 180

Gliese 180 (often shortened to GJ 180),

is a small red dwarf star in the equatorial
Gliese 180
constellation of Eridanus. It is invisible to
the naked eye with an apparent visual
magnitude of 10.9.[2] The star is located
at a distance of 39 light years from the
Sun based on parallax,[1] and is drifting
closer with a radial velocity of
−14.6 km/s.[9] It has a high proper
motion, traversing the sky at the rate of
0.765 arcseconds per year.[10]

The stellar classification of GJ 180 is

catalogued as M2V[3] or M3V,[4]
depending on the study, which indicates
this is a dim red dwarf – an M-type main-
sequence star that is generating energy by
core hydrogen fusion. Reiners and
associates (2012) do not consider it to be A star chart of the constellation of Eridanus showing the
an active star.[11] It is about five[7] billion position of Gliese 180
years old and is spinning with a projected Observation data
rotational velocity of ~3 km/s,[5] giving it Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000
a rotation period of about 65 days.[6] The Constellation Eridanus
star has 43% of the Sun's mass and 42%
of the radius of the Sun. It is radiating Right ascension 04h 53m 49.97992s[1]
just 2.4%[3] of the luminosity of the Sun Declination −17° 46′ 24.3093″[1]
from its photosphere at an effective
Apparent magnitude (V) 10.894[2]
temperature of 3,634 K.[5]
Characteristics
Spectral type M2V[3] or M3V[4]
Planetary system
U−B color index 1.155[2]
Gliese 180 is known to have at least two B−V color index 1.549[2]
exoplanets, designated Gliese 180 b and
V−R color index 1.018[2]
Gliese 180 d, and possibly a third, Gliese
180 c; all are super-Earths or mini- R−I color index 1.205[2]
Neptunes.[12] Planets 'b' and 'c' were J−H color index 0.553[2]
initially reported in 2014,[13] and a
J−K color index 0.815[2]
follow-up study in 2020 confirmed planet
'b' and found a new planet 'd', but did not Astrometry
find the previously claimed planet 'c'.[12] Radial velocity (Rv) −14.87 ± 0.14[1] km/s
According to the 2014 study, planets 'b'
and 'c' have an orbital period ratio of 7:5, Proper motion (μ) RA: 408.573 ± 0.012 mas/yr[1]
which suggests a mean motion resonance Dec.: −644.457 ± 0.013 mas/yr[1]
that is stabilizing the orbits. The habitable Parallax (π) 83.6897 ± 0.0160 mas[1]
zone of this star, by the criteria of Distance 38.972 ± 0.007 ly
Kopparapu and associates (2013), ranges (11.949 ± 0.002 pc)
from 0.12 AU out to 0.24 AU, which
Absolute magnitude (MV) 10.48[2]
thus includes planet 'c'.[13]
Details
According to the Planetary Habitability
Laboratory (PHL) in Puerto Rico, both b Mass 0.4316 ± 0.0050[3] M☉
and c worlds in the system may be Radius 0.4229 ± 0.0047[3] R☉
classifiable as potentially habitable
planets. Planets Gliese 180 b and Gliese Luminosity 0.02427 ± 0.00036[3] L☉
180 c have minimum masses of 6.4 and Surface gravity (log g) +0.05
4.73 −0.07[5] cgs
8.3 Earth masses, respectively.[14] +57
Temperature 3,634 −40[5] K
However, Dr Mikko Tuomi, of the UK's
University of Hertfordshire, whose team Metallicity [Fe/H] −0.12 ± 0.16[3] dex
identified the planets, disagreed, stating:
Rotation 65 days[6]
"The PHL adds some sort Rotational velocity +1.9
3.4 −0.8[5] km/s
of an “extended HZ”, (v sin i)
which I, frankly, do not
know how it’s calculated, Age 5.0[7] Gyr
but that adds some areas
Other designations
of potential habitability to
the inner and outer edges GJ 180, HIP 22762, L 736-30,
of the HZ as we have LFT 377, LHS 1712, LP 776-27,
defined it. They included LPM 198, LTT 2116, NLTT 14144,
the inner companion of
PLX 1097, TYC 5903-680-1,
the GJ 180 system
(planet b) that we 2MASS J04534995-1746235,[8]
consider too hot to be [RHG95] 838
potentially habitable.”[14] Database references

However, as of 2022, the PHL lists only SIMBAD data (https://simbad.cds.unistra.

planets c and d, not b, as potentially
habitable.[15]
fr/simbad/sim-id?Ident=GJ180)
Exoplanet Archive data (https://exoplanetarchive.ip
ac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/DisplayOv
erview/nph-DisplayOverview?obj
name=GJ 180)
ARICNS data (https://wwwadd.zah.uni-he
idelberg.de/datenbanken/aricns/
cnspages/4c00404.htm)
 The Gliese 180 planetary system[13][12]
Companion Semimajor
Orbital period
(in order from Mass axis Eccentricity Inclination Radius
(days)
star) (AU)

b ≥6.49 ± 0.68 M🜨 0.092 ± 0.003 17.133 ± 0.003 0.07 ± 0.04 — —

+3.7 +0.007 +0.052 +0.20
с (unconfirmed) ≥6.4 −4.1 M⊕ 0.129 −0.017 24.329 −0.066 0.09 −0.09 — —

d ≥7.56 ± 1.07 M🜨 0.309 ± 0.010 106.300 ± 0.129 0.14 ± 0.04 — —

References
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