FTP Report

1.
Export or import , why and what are the

basic registrations?
EXPORT
Introduction
How to Start Export is a fair question that every first time exporter wants to ask. Export in itself
is a very wide concept and lot of preparations is required by an exporter before starting an export
business.
A key success factor in starting any export company is clear understanding and detail knowledge
of products to be exported. In order to be a successful in exporting one must fully research its
foreign market rather than try to tackle every market at once. The exporter should approach a
market on a priority basis. Overseas design and product must be studies properly and considered
carefully. Because there are specific laws dealing with International trade and foreign business, it
is imperative that you familiarize yourself with state, federal, and international laws before
starting your export business.
Price is also an important factor. So, before starting an export business an exporter must
considered the price offered to the buyers. As the selling price depends on sourcing price, try to
avoid unnecessary middlemen who only add cost but no value. It helps a lot on cutting the
transaction cost and improving the quality of the final products.
However, before we go deep into "How to export ?” let us discuss what an export is and how the
Government of Indian has defined it.
In very simple terms, export may be defined as the selling of goods to a foreign country.
However, As per Section 2 (e) of the India Foreign Trade Act (1992), the term export may be
defined as 'an act of taking out of India any goods by land, sea or air and with proper transaction
of money”.
Exporting a product is a profitable method that helps to expand the business and reduces the
dependence in the local market. It also provides new ideas, management practices, marketing
techniques, and ways of competing, which is not possible in the domestic market. Even as an
owner of a domestic market, an individual businessman should think about exporting. Research
shows that, on average, exporting companies are more profitable than their non-exporting
counterparts.
Why Need to Export
There are many good reasons for exporting:

The first and the primary reason for export is to earn foreign exchange. The foreign exchange not
only brings profit for the exporter but also improves the economic condition of the country.
Secondly, companies that export their goods are believed to be more reliable than their
counterpart domestic companies assuming that exporting company has survive the test in
meeting international standards.
Thirdly, free exchange of ideas and cultural knowledge opens up immense business and trade
opportunities for a company.
Fourthly, as one starts visiting customers to sell one’s goods, he has an opportunity to start
exploring for newer customers, state-of-the-art machines and vendors in foreign lands.
Fifthly, by exporting goods, an exporter also becomes safe from offset lack of demand for
seasonal products.
Lastly, international trade keeps an exporter more competitive and less vulnerable to the market
as the exporter may have a business boom in one sector while simultaneously witnessing a bust
in a different sector.
No doubt that in the age of globalization and liberalizations, Export has became of the most
lucrative business in India. Government of India is also supporting exporters through various
incentives and schemes to promote Indian export for meeting the much needed requirements for
importing modern technology and adopting new technology from MNCs through Joint ventures
and collaboration.
WHY NEED TO IMPORT
There are number of supporting reasons why import business and services is growing at such a
fast rate:-
Availability: An individual or business man or an importer needs to import because there are
certain things that he can’t grow or manufacture in his home country. For example Bananas in
Alaska, Mahogany Lumber in Maine and Ball Park franks in France.
Cachet: A lot of things, like caviar and champagne, pack more cachet, more of an "image," if
they're imported rather than home-grown. Think Scandinavian furniture, German beer, French
perfume, Egyptian cotton. It all seems classier when it comes from distant place.
Price: Price factor is also an important reason for import of products. Some products are cheaper
when imported from foreign country. For example Korean toys, Taiwanese electronics and
Mexican clothing, to rattle off a few, can often be manufactured or assembled in foreign factories
for far less money than if they were made on the domestic country.
Registration of Exporters.
 Registration with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
 Registration with Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)

 Registration with Export Promotion Council
 Registration with Commodity Boards
 Registration with Income Tax Authorities
Registration with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
Prior to 1997, it was necessary for every first time exporter to obtain IEC number from Reserve
Bank of India (RBI) before engaging in any kind of export operations. But now this job is being
done by DGFT.
Registration with Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)
For every first time exporter, it is necessary to get registered with the DGFT (Director General of
Foreign Trade), Ministry of Commerce, Government of India.
DGFT provide exporter a unique IEC Number. IEC Number is a ten digits code required for the
purpose of export as well as import. No exporter is allowed to export his good abroad without
IEC number.
However, if the goods are exported to Nepal, or to Myanmar through Indo-Myanmar boarder or
to China through Gunji, Namgaya, Shipkila or Nathula ports then it is not necessary to obtain
IEC number provided the CIF value of a single consignment does not exceed Indian amount of
Rs. 25, 000 /-.
Application for IEC number can be submitted to the nearest regional authority of DGFT.
Application form which is known as "Aayaat Niryaat Form - ANF2A" can also be submitted
online at the DGFT web-site: http://dgft.gov.in.
While submitting an application form for IEC number, an applicant is required to submit his
PAN account number. Only one IEC is issued against a single PAN number. Apart from PAN
number, an applicant is also required to submit his Current Bank Account number and Bankers
Certificate.
A amount of Rs 1000/- is required to submit with the application fee. This amount can be
submitted in the form of a Demand Draft or payment through EFT (Electronic Fund Transfer by
Nominated Bank by DGFT.
Registration with Export Promotion Council
Registered under the Indian Company Act, Export Promotion Councils or EPC is a non-profit
organisation for the promotion of various goods exported from India in international market.
EPC works in close association with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of
India and act as a platform for interaction between the exporting community and the government.
So, it becomes important for an exporter to obtain a registration cum membership certificate
(RCMC) from the EPC. An application for registration should be accompanied by a self certified
copy of the IEC number. Membership fee should be paid in the form of cheque or draft after
ascertaining the amount from the concerned EPC.
The RCMC certificate is valid from 1st April of the licensing year in which it was issued and
shall be valid for five years ending 31st March of the licensing year, unless otherwise specified.
Registration with Commodity Boards
Commodity Board is registered agency designated by the Ministry of Commerce, Government of

India for purposes of export-promotion and has offices in India and abroad. At present, there are
five statutory Commodity Boards under the Department of Commerce. These Boards are
responsible for production, development and export of tea, coffee, rubber, spices and tobacco.
Registration with Income Tax Authorities
Goods exported out of the country are eligible for exemption from both Value Added Tax and
Central Sales Tax. So, to get the benefit of tax exemption it is important for an exporter to get
registered with the Tax Authorities.
Registration for importers.
 Introduction
 Application for IEC Number
 Process of Online Application
 Guidelines for filling up IEC Form
 Duplicate Copy of IEC No
 Surrender of IEC No
Introduction
Registration of importer is a pre-requisite for import of goods. The Customs will not allow
clearance of goods unless the importer has obtained IEC Number from issuing authority. In
India, IEC number or Importers Exporters Code is issued by the DGFT.
However, no such import business registration is necessary for persons importing goods from
Nepal or Myamar through Indo-Myanmar border or from china, through Gunji, Namgaya,
shipkila or Nathula ports provided that the Value of a single Consignment does not exceed Rs.
25000/-.
Application for IEC Number
An application for grant of IEC Code Number should be made in the prescribed Performa given
at Appendix 3.I. The application duly signed by the applicant should be supported by the
following documents:
1. Bank Receipt (in duplicate) / Indian demand draft for payment of the fee of Rs.1000/-
Certificate from the Banker of the applicant firm as per Annexure 1 to the form.
2. Two copies of passport size photographs of the applicant duly attested by the banker of the
applicant.
3. A copy of Permanent Account Number issued by Income Tax Authorities, if PAN has not
been allotted, a copy of the letter of legal authority may be furnished.
4. Declaration by the applicant that the proprietors/partners/directors of the applicant
firm/company, as the case may be, are not associated as proprietor/partners/directors with
any other firm/company the IEC No. is allotted with a condition that be can export only with
the prior approval of the RBI India.
Process of Online Application
On-line form has been designed to ensure feeding of all the required information by prompting
user wherever a field is left blank. Application has to submit scanned copies of PAN (Permanent
Account Number) and bank certificate of deposits along with their application.
There are 2 options for payment of fee.
1. Demand Draft: If fee is paid by Demand Draft, IEC will be generated only after receipt of
the physical copy of the application.
2. Electronic Fund Transfer: If IEC application fee is paid through Electronic Fund Transfer
facility, IEC number will be generated by the licensing office automatically and the number
can be viewed online by the applicant.
Guidelines for filling up IEC Form
1. All applications must be made in the prescribed form in duplicate, duly accompanied by
Bank Receipt/ Demand Draft evidencing payment of fee.
2. Application form should be submitted in neatly typed bold letters. Handwritten forms are
also accepted.
3. Each page of the document must have the signature of the authorised person with an ink pen.
4. Supporting documents in duplicate, duly self attested as specified earlier in this chapter must
be enclosed wherever applicable.
5. Items of information relevant to applicant should only be filled in and remaining items may
be marked 'Not Applicable'.
6. Two copies of the passport size photograph of the applicant duly attested by the applicant's
banker shall be submitted.
7. Modifications of particulars of the applicant should also be furnished on this form by filling
the relevant items.
Duplicate Copy of IEC No.
Duplicate copy of IEC Number is issued to those importer (or exporter) who has lost their
original IEC number. Importers are required to submit an affidavit and a fee of Rs.200 to obtain
a duplicate copy of IEC Number.
Surrender of IEC No.

Any importer who doesn’t want to continue his import business may surrender the IEC number
to the issuing authority. On receipt of such intimation, the issuing authority shall immediately
cancel the same and electronically transmit it to DGFT for onward transmission to the Customs
and Regional Authorities.
2. Product identification for exports / imports {ITC(HS)}
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION FOR EXPORTS
A key factor in any export business is clear understanding and detail knowledge of products to be
exported. The selected product must be in demand in the countries where it is to be exported.
Before making any selection, one should also consider the various government policies
associated with the export of a particular product.
Whether companies are exporting first time or have been in export trade for a long time - it is
better for both the groups to be methodical and systematic in identifying a right product. It’s not
sufficient to have all necessary data 'in your mind' - but equally important to put everything on
paper and in a structured manner. Once this job is done, it becomes easier to find the gaps in the
collected information and take necessary corrective actions.
There are products that sell more often than other product in international market. It is not very
difficult to find them from various market research tools. However, such products will invariably
have more sellers and consequently more competition and fewer margins. On the other hand - a
niche product may have less competition and higher margin - but there will be far less buyers.
Fact of the matter is - all products sell, though in varying degrees and there are positive as well
as flip sides in whatever decision you take - popular or niche product.
Key Factors in Product Selection
 The product should be manufactured or sourced with consistent standard quality, comparable
to your competitors. ISO or equivalent certification helps in selling the product in the
international market.
 If possible, avoid products which are monopoly of one or few suppliers. If you are the
manufacturer - make sure sufficient capacity is available in-house or you have the
wherewithal to outsource it at short notice. Timely supply is a key success factor in export
business
 The price of the exported product should not fluctuate very often - threatening profitability to
the export business.
 Strictly check the government policies related to the export of a particular product. Though
there are very few restrictions in export - it is better to check regulatory status of your
selected product.
 Carefully study the various government incentive schemes and tax exemption like duty
drawback and DEPB.
 Import regulation in overseas markets, specially tariff and non-tariff barriers. Though a major
non-tariff barrier (textile quota) has been abolished - there are still other tariff and non-tariff
barriers. If your product attracts higher duty in target country - demand obviously falls.
 Registration/Special provision for your products in importing country. This is specially
applicable for processed food and beverages, drugs and chemicals.
 Seasonal vagaries of selected products as some products sell in summer, while others in
winter. Festive season is also important factor, for example certain products are more sellable
only during Christmas.
 Keep in mind special packaging and labeling requirements of perishable products like
processed food and dairy products.
 Special measures are required for transportation of certain products, which may be bulky or
fragile or hazardous or perishable.
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION FOR IMPORTS
ITC-HS codes are divided into two schedules.

1) Schedule I
2) Schedule II
ITC(HS) code Schedule I describe the rules and guidelines related to import policies. Schedule I
of the ITC-HS code is divided into 21 sections and each section is further divided into chapters.
The total number of chapters in the schedule I is 98. The chapters are further divided into sub-
heading under which different HS codes are mentioned
Explanation about Classes of Import Trade Control – in ITC(HS) Clasiification- three policy
status described .
A. Prohibited Goods - The prohibited items are not permitted to be imported. An export licence
will not be given in the normal course for goods in the prohibited category,except where the
import is for Scientific & research purpose or zoo exchange between government to government
owned zoo or bonafide personal use house hold effects for which supportive documents are
presented as prescribed under the law.
B. Restricted Goods - The restricted items can be permitted for import under licence. The
procedures / conditionalities wherever specified against the restricted items may be required to
be complied with, in addition to the general requirement of licence in all cases of restricted
items. For example if live animal is restricted than permission from Chief Wild Life Warden of
concerned state has to be obtained and licence from DGFT needs to be obtained on the basis of
recommendation from Wild Life division, Ministry of Environment,Forests & Clmate Change
and also if it is in CITES than permit from country of origin required to be produced.
C. Free Goods - listed as “Free” in the import Licensing Schedule may also be imported
without an import licence as such but they are subject to conditions laid out against the
respective entry. The fulfillment of these conditions can be checked by authorized officers in the
course of import. The free importability is however subject to any other law for the time being in
force.
THE MARINE PRODUCTS INDUSTRY
ABOUT THE INDUSTRY - Indian sea food industry ranks
seventh in the world in marine production while it is second largest in island fish production
both from culture and capture fisheries. India ranks third in the total fish production of the
world. The major contributors to Indian fish production are marine capture fisheries (2.99
million tonnes) and freshwater aquaculture (2.93 million tonnes) and they constitute about 86%
of the total fish production in India which is over 6.8 million tonnes with a turnover of Rs. 300
billion. Though Indian fisheries sector started on subsistence level, it is slowly growing out to be
an industry, both in marine and inland fisheries. India is one of the major fish producing nation
of the world With a cost line of about 7517 KMS, a self area of about 4.5 lakh sq. kms., an
exclusive economic zone about 2 million sq. km., and fisherman population of about 8 million.
Coastal Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and West
Bengal are major centers of marine product exports from India.
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/5810028588/1/T6165Pratap%20Waghmode.pdf
http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/26769/9/09_chapter%203.pdf
HISTORY - The Seafood Export Industry in India is over 50 years old and was
initiated when the first shipment of frozen shrimp was sent from the port of Cochin in 1953
by Mr. Madhavan Nair owner of Cochin Company. Initially, canned shrimp exports were
mainly focused and then due to non-availability of suitable cans in the country, the industry
was shortly compelled to move to exports of frozen shrimp. The export of other varieties of
Fish, Squid, Cuttlefish, Octopus, Crabs, Clams and Mussels started later in the late 1960′s.
Till the end of 1960, export of Indian marine products mainly consisted of dried items like dried
fish and dried shrimp.. Although frozen items were present in the export basket from 1953
onwards in negligible quantities, it was only since 1961 the export of dried marine products was
overtaken by export of frozen items leading to a steady progress in export earnings. With the
devaluation of Indian currency in 1966 the export of frozen and canned items registered a
significant rise. Frozen items continued to dominate the trade. Markets for Indian products also
spread fast to developed countries from the traditional buyers in neighboring countries.
America had started buying marine products from India in the forties. A few years later, Japan
and Europe emerged as potential markets and India was a major supplier of raw material.
http://seai.in/history/
CURRENT SCENARIO - The Indian Seafood Industry today is

on a totally different footing as to what existed in the late sixties. India has taken a major
stand in the Global Seafood Market and our seafood is one of the biggest foreign exchange
earners. Today we have world class seafood factories following quality control procedures
meeting the most stringent of international standards. Though shrimp continues to
dominate our export basket, the Indian Seafood Industry has diversified its product range
and its markets. For many years, Japan was India’s largest export market but in the last
two years United States has emerged as India’s leading export market. We export mainly
basic raw material for reprocessing to Japan whereas our exports to the United States
consists of value added products for direct use in the American Food Service Industry and
for retail sale in the supermarkets. Our seafood exports now include crabs, lobsters and
other kinds of fish.
Coastal Indian states like Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and West
Bengal are major centers of marine product exports from India. The processing plants for
freezing and canning of marine exports are mostly situated in these states. Frozen shrimp is the
most important export item in this sector and it accounts for more than 60 percent of India’s
total exports of marine products.
http://seai.in/history/
Striking a new high, India’s seafood export at 13, 77,244 tonnes earned Rs 45, 106.89 crore in
2017-18.
The quantity was up by 21.35% while the value rose 19.1% over the previous year. In dollar
terms the export fetched $ 7.08 billion as against $5.77 billion a year ago with frozen shrimp
and fish continuing to dominate the export basket.
USA and South East Asia retained their positions as the major import markets of India’s seafood
products, with a share of 32.76% and 31.59% in dollar terms, respectively, followed by EU
(15.77%), Japan (6.29%), Middle East (4.10%) and China (3.21%).
Frozen shrimp maintained its position as the key contributor to seafood export basket,
accounting for 41.10% in quantity and 68.46% of the total dollar earnings. Shrimp exports
during the year rose by 30.26% in quantity and 30.10% in dollar terms.
The overall export of shrimp during 2017-18 stood at 5, 65,980 tonnes. The export of Vannamei
shrimp grew 22.02% to 4, 02,374 tonnes in 2017-18. Japan was the major market for black tiger
shrimps.
Frozen fish, the second largest export item, contributed 25.64% in quantity and 10.35% in
earnings. However, the unit value realisation decreased to $ 2.08 a kg in 2017-18 from $ 2.27 in
2016-17.
While the export of chilled items showed a decline, frozen cuttlefish registered a growth in
exports. The unit value realization also improved remarkably by 15.64%.
Visakhapatnam, Kochi, Kolkata, Pipavav, Krishnapatanam and JNP were the major ports for the
marine products cargo.
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/indian-seafood-export-
touches-new-high-at-7-08-billion/articleshow/64825570.cms
IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY

ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE - The marine products sector
occupies a significant place in economy because it contributes to the national income,
generates employment, provides nutritious food and earns foreign exchange. Fisheries sector
contributes to a tune of 1.4 per cent of total national GDP and fish export has emerged as the
largest group contributing over 20 percent of total agricultural exports. India’s seafood export at
13, 77,244 tonnes earned a foreign exchange of Rs 45, 106.89 crore in 2017-18.
SOCIAL IMPORTANCE - It is estimated that the entire coastal

region of the country is providing livelihood to 3.00 million fishermen population, spread over
3600 fishing villages, of which over 1.0 million are active fisherman. Along with inland fishers
and fish farmers and people engaged in subsidiary activities, the fisheries sector generates
employment to over 14 million people.
http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/5810028588/1/T6165Pratap%20Waghmode.pdf
Industry Profile
Fish and
The Seafood Industry is covered under Chapter 3 of ITC(HS) named as
Crustaceans , Molluscs and other Aquatic

invertibrates. The Indstry is segregated on the basis of following Major Products.
03 - Fish and Crustaceans , Molluscs and

other Aquatic invertibrates.
0306 CRSTCNS W/N IN SHL,LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZN,DRDSLTD/IN
4 - Digit BRINE;CRSTCNS,IN SHL,CKD BY STMNG OR BOILING,W/N
CHLD,FRZN,DRD,SLTD/IN
6 - Digit 030617 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS : FROZEN
1. 8 - Digit 03061790 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS
4 - Digit 0307 MOLUSCS W/N SHL,LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZN,

DRIED,SLTD/INBRINE;AQUATIC INVRTEBRTS
EXCLCRSTCNSANDMOLUSCS LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZ
6 - Digit 030743 CUTTLE FISH AND SQUID FROZEN
030749 OTHER CUTTLE FISH AND SQUID OTH THN LIVE, FRESH OR
CHILLED AND FROZEN
2. 8 - Digit 03074310 CUTTLE FISH FROZEN
03074320 WHOLE SQUIDS FROZEN
03074990 OTHER
03074920 WHOLE SQUIDS OTH THN LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED AND FROZEN
4 - Digit 0303 FISH FROZEN EXCLUDING FISH FILLETS AND OTHER FISH MEAT OF
HEADING NO 0304
6 - Digit 030389 OTHER

3. 030354 MACKEREL FROZEN
8 - Digit 03038930 RIBBON FISH FROZEN
03035400 MACKEREL FROZEN

4 - Digit 0304 FISH FILLETS AND OTHER FISH MEAT (WHETHER OR NOT MINCED),
FRESH, CHILLED OR FROZEN
4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER
8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER
The above Major Products can be found in the below mentioned states in India.
Export Trends
03 - FISH AND CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND OTHER AQUATIC INVERTABRATES.
S NO. Year Export(USD)
1 2008-09 1,292.14
2 2009-10 1,815.49
3 2010-11 2,321.03
4 2011-12 3,286.37
5 2012-13 3,322.71
6 2013-14 4,823.02
7 2014-15 5,249.52
8 2015-16 4,486.30
9 2016-17 5,501.06
10 2017-18 6,850.92
CAGR 18%
Export(USD)
8,000.00
7,000.00 6,850.92
6,000.00 5,501.06
5,249.52
5,000.00 4,823.02
4,486.30
Export(USD)
4,000.00
3,286.373,322.71
3,000.00
2,321.03
2,000.00 1,815.49
1,292.14
1,000.00
0.00
2008-092009-102010-112011-122012-132013-142014-152015-162016-172017-18
Reasons for the Growth and Decline of

marine products in the following years.
2009-10 : "There was an increase in demand for black tiger shrimp and frozen squid
from Europe, Japan and the US markets," an MPEDA official said.
(https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/indias-seafood-exports-
up-25-in-2010-11/articleshow/8390702.cms)
2010-11 : Seafood exports grew by an impressive 25.5 per cent year-on-year to USD
2.6 billion in 2010-11, surpassing the target set by the government as shipments to European and
Japanese markets improved.
( https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/indias-seafood-exports-
up-25-in-2010-11/articleshow/8390702.cms)
2011-12 : Chairperson of the Marine Products Export Development Authority

(MPEDA), said that increased production of vannamei shrimp, growth in infrastructure facilities
for production of value added items and re-gaining pace in the Japanese market after the tsunami
are expected to help in achieving this target.
(https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/indias-seafood-exports-
pegged-at-4-b-for-2011-12/article20318800.ece1)
2012-13 : Increased production of Vannamei and Black Tiger shrimp and increased
export of chilled items have helped to achieve higher exports.
(https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/Seafood-exports-touch-record-
high-in-2012-13/articleshow/20752914.cms)
2013-14: The increase is mainly because of L. Vannamei, an exotic shrimp variety,

introduced in 2009, which accounted for nearly ₹20,000 crore of the total export in 2013-14.
(https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/agri-business/Fish-production-grew-5.9-in-
2013-14/article20857195.ece)
2014-15 : “Increased production of L Vannamei shrimp, diversification of aquaculture
species, particularly of Tilapia and Mangrove crab, quality control measures and increase in
infrastructure facilities for production of value added items are expected to help in achieving
this target," MPEDA chairman Leena Nair said.
Marine Products Export Development Authority stated the growth may be viewed
under prevailing international market situations. Depreciation of Euro, weaker economic
condition in China, devaluation of Yen, depreciation of the Indian Rupee, improvement in supply
conditions in South East Asian (SEA) countries in comparison to previous year has resulted in
continuous drop in prices of shrimp, a principle commodity of Indian seafood export basket.
(https://www.livemint.com/Politics/D6FOEtvS6kWbZWm72P6blM/India-exports-record-
55billion-worth-sea-food-in-FY15.html)
2015-16: Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) chairman A

Jayathilak said the revival of the shrimp aquaculture production in Thailand and Vietnam, which
was down due to diseases, resulted in better supply situation and eased the prices of shrimp in the
world market.
The average unit value of frozen shrimp, which accounts for 66 per cent of the total value of
Indian seafood export, fell to $8.28 per kg from $10.38 in 2014-15.
The depreciation of euro, weaker economic condition in China and devaluation of yen
contributed to the decline in exports.
Decline in capture fishery was another reason. The shrimp caught from the wild dropped by 10.5
per cent in 2015 at 3,48,296 tonnes from the previous year.
(https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/economy/foreign-trade/indian-seafood-exports-
decline-9-per-cent-to-rs-30421-crore-in-2015-16/articleshow/53448019.cms)
2016-17 : “Increased production of L. Vannamei, diversification of aquaculture

species, sustained measures to ensure quality, and increase in infrastructure facilities for
production of value added products were largely responsible for India’s positive growth in
exports of seafood,” said Mrs. Nirmala Sitharaman, Minister for Commerce and Industry.
(http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=164454)
2017-18 : "India's exports of seafood remained on the upward curve despite a fall in
global shrimp prices triggered by oversupply from major shrimp-producing countries and more
stringent test regimes imposed by the EU to detect antibiotic residues in frozen shrimp
consignments," MPEDA, Chairman, A Jayathilak said.
He said steps had been initiated for export-oriented organic shrimp production while new
strategies had been launched to boost aquaculture and improve vigilance to stop faulty
consignments.
(https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/indias-seafood-exports-register-13-per-cent-
growth/1300443)
Estimated Export for the next 5 Years.

S NO. Year Export(USD)
1 2018-19 8084.08
2 2019-20 9539.21
3 2020-21 11256.26
4 2021-22 13282.38
5 2022-23 15673.2
Export(USD)
18000
16000 15673.2
14000 13282.38
12000 11256.26
10000 9539.21 Export(USD)

8084.08
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
20018-19 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 2022-23
MAJOR PRODUCTS
FISH
The seafood Industry is covered under the Chapter 3 of ITC(HS) named as
AND CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND

OTHER AQUATIC INVERTABRATES. Based on
the Export Data of last 5 years, following are the Major Products under this chapter year wise.
2013 -14
HS CODE COMMODITY EXPORT % SHARE
VALUE IN US$
MILLION
03 FISH AND CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND OTHER 4,823.02 1.5340
AQUATIC INVERTABRATES.
S HS CODE COMMODITY EXPORT % SHARE

NO. VALUE IN US$
MILLION
4 - Digit 0306 CRSTCNS W/N IN 3,224.84 1.0257
SHL,LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZN,DRDSLTD/IN
BRINE;CRSTCNS,IN SHL,CKD BY STMNG OR
BOILING,W/N CHLD,FRZN,DRD,SLTD/IN
1.
6 - Digit 030617 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS : FROZEN 2,882.07 0.9167
8 - Digit 03061719 OTHER SCAMPI 1,853.36 0.5895

03061790 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS 1,012.26 0.3220
Following are the major products under this

chapter.
4 - Digit 0303 FISH FROZEN EXCLUDING FISH FILLETS AND OTHER FISH 767.42 0.2441
MEAT OF HEADING NO 0304
2. 6 - Digit 030389 OTHER: 543.94 0.1730
8 - Digit 03038930 RIBBON FISH FROZEN 304.04 0.0967
4 - Digit 0307 MOLUSCS W/N SHL,LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZN, 558.09 0.1775

6 - Digit 030749 OTHER CUTTLE FISH AND SQUID OTH THN LIVE, FRESH OR 358.46 0.1140
CHILLED AND FROZEN
030741 CUTLE FISH AND SQUID LIVE FRSH/CHLD 160.98 0.0512

3.
8 - Digit 03074920 WHOLE SQUIDS OTH THN LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED AND 248.21 0.0789
FROZEN
03074110 CUTTLE FISH LIVE FRSH OR CHLLD 149.59 0.0476

4 - Digit 0304 FISH FILLETS AND OTHER FISH MEAT (WHETHER OR 129.53 0.0412
NOT MINCED), FRESH, CHILLED OR FROZEN
4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER 121.64 0.0387
8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER 121.64 0.0387
2014-15
VALUE IN
US$ MILLION
2. 6 - Digit 030389 OTHER: 468.62 0.1510

NO. VALUE IN US$
MILLION
1.
8 - Digit 03061719 OTHER SCAMPI 2,373.72 0.7649
03061790 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS 1,216.42 0.3920

chapter.
CHILLED AND FROZEN

3.
FROZEN
03074990 OTHER 106.48 0.0343
4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER 132.37 0.0427
8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER 132.37 0.0427

2015-16
VALUE IN
US$ MILLION

chapter.
NO. VALUE IN US$
MILLION
1.
8 - Digit 03061790 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS 2,392.72 0.9122
03061719 OTHER SCAMPI 557.37 0.2125
2. 6 - Digit 030389 OTHER: 359.27 0.1370

4 - Digit 0307 MOLUSCS W/N SHL,LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZN, 531.97
DRIED,SLTD/INBRINE;AQUATIC INVRTEBRTS 0.2028
CHILLED AND FROZEN
3.
8 - Digit 03074110 CUTTLE FISH LIVE FRSH OR CHLLD 168.15 0.0641
4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER 145.23 0.0554
8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER 145.23 0.0554

chapter.
2016-17
VALUE IN
US$ MILLION
NO. VALUE IN US$
MILLION
1.
03061719 OTHER SCAMPI 397.44 0.1441

CHILLED AND FROZEN

2.
FROZEN
03074990 OTHER 165.22 0.0599
6 - Digit 030389 OTHER: 428.55 0.1554
3.
030354 MACKEREL FROZEN 140.21 0.0508
8 – Digit 03038930 RIBBON FISH FROZEN 199.46 0.0723
03038980 CROAKERS, GROUPERS AND FLOUNDERS FROZEN 104.85 0.0380
03035400 MACKEREL FROZEN 140.21 0.0508
4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER 158.65 0.0575
8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER 158.65 0.0575
2017-18
VALUE IN
US$ MILLION

chapter.

NO. VALUE IN US$
MILLION
1.
03061719 OTHER SCAMPI 171.67 0.0566

6 - Digit 030743 CUTTLE FISH AND SQUID FROZEN 559.10 0.1842
030749 OTHER CUTTLE FISH AND SQUID OTH THN LIVE, FRESH OR 198.16 0.0653
CHILLED AND FROZEN
2.
8 - Digit 03074310 CUTTLE FISH FROZEN 310.76 0.1024
03074320 WHOLE SQUIDS FROZEN 233.75 0.0770
03074990 OTHER 94.36 0.0311
03074920 WHOLE SQUIDS OTH THN LIVE, FRESH OR CHILLED AND 85.88 0.0283
FROZEN
3. 6 - Digit 030389 OTHER: 468.49 0.1543
8 - Digit 03038930 RIBBON FISH FROZEN 263.52
4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER 237.40 0.0782
8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER 237.40 0.0782

3. Market identification for Exports / Imports.
MARKET IDENTIFICATION FOR EXPORTS
 Introduction
 Foreign Market Research
 Foreign Market Selection Process
 Foreign Market Selection Entry
Introduction
After evaluation of company’s key capabilities, strengths and weaknesses, the next step is to start
evaluating opportunities in promising export markets. It involves the screening of large lists of
countries in order to arrive at a short list of four to five. The shorting method should be done on
the basis of various political, economic and cultural factors that will potentially affect export
operations in chosen market.
Some factors to consider include:
1. Geographical Factors
 Country, state, region,
 Time zones,
 Urban/rural location logistical considerations e.g. freight and distribution channels
2. Economic, Political, and Legal Environmental Factors
 Regulations including quarantine,
 Labelling standards,
 Standards and consumer protection rules,
 Duties and taxes
3. Demographic Factors
 Age and gender,
 Income and family structure,
 Occupation,
 Cultural beliefs,
 Major competitors,
 Similar products,
 Key brands.
4. Market Characteristics
 Market size,
 Availability of domestic manufacturers,
 Agents, distributors and suppliers.
Foreign Market Research

Understanding a market’s key characteristics requires gathering a broad range of primary and
secondary research, much of which you can source without cost from the internet.
Primary research, such as population figures, product compliance standards, statistics and other
facts can be obtained without any cost from international organizations like United Nations (UN)
and World Trade Organizations (WTO). Analysis of export statistics over a period of several
years helps an individual to determine whether the market for a particular product is growing or
shrinking.
Secondary research, such as periodicals, studies, market reports and surveys, can be found
through government websites, international organisations, and commercial market intelligence
firms.
Foreign Market Selection Process

Step 1: Gather Information on a Broad Range of Markets
Market selection process requires a broad range of informations depending upon the products or
services to be exported, which includes:
 The demand for product/service.

 The size of the potential audience.
 Whether the target audience can affords product.
 What the regulatory issues are that impact on exports of product.
 Ease of access to this market – proximity/freight.
 Are there appropriate distribution channels for product/service.
 The environment for doing business – language, culture, politics etc.
 Is it financially viable to export to selected market.
 You can gather much of the first step information yourself from a variety of sources at
little or no cost. Sources of information include:
 Talking to colleagues and other exporters.
 Trade and Enterprise – web site, publications, call centre.
 The library.
 The Internet.
Step 2: Research a Selection of Markets In-Depth

From the results of the first stage, narrow your selection down to three to five markets and
undertake some in-depth research relating specifically to your product. While doing so, some of
the questions that may arise at this stage are:
 What similar products are in the marketplace (including products that may not be similar
but are used to achieve the same goal, e.g. the product in our sample matrix at the end of
this document is a hair removal cream. As well as undertaking competitor research on
other hair removal creams, we would also need to consider other products that are used
for hair removal, i.e. razors, electrolysis, wax).
 What is your point of difference? What makes your product unique? What are the key
selling points for your product?
 How do people obtain/use these products?
 Who provides them?
 Are they imported? If so from which countries?
 Is there a local manufacturer or provider?
 Who would your major competitors be? What are the key brands or trade names?
 What is the market’s structure and shape?
 What is the market’s size?
 Are there any niche markets, and if so how big are they?
 Who are the major importers/ stockists / distributors / agencies or suppliers?
 What are the other ways to obtain sales/representation?
 What are the prices or fees in different parts of the market?
 What are the mark-ups at different distribution levels?
 What are the import regulations, duties or taxes, including compliance and professional
registrations if these apply?
 How will you promote your product or service if there is a lot of competition?
 Are there any significant trade fairs, professional gathers or other events where you can
promote your product or service?
 Packaging – do you need to change metric measures to imperial, do you need to list
ingredients?
 Will you need to translate promotional material and packaging?
 Is your branding – colours, imagery etc., culturally acceptable?
Foreign Market Selection Entry

Having completed the market selection process and chosen your target market, the next step is to
plan your entry strategy.
There are a number of options for entering your chosen market. Most exporters initially choose
to work through agents or distributors. In the longer term, however, you may consider other
options, such as taking more direct control of your market, more direct selling or promotion, or
seeking alliances or agreements.
CHAPTER 6: MAJOR MARKETS

Based on the Export Data of last 5 years , following are the top 5 Major markets of
Seafood Industry.
2013-14
Country Value in US$ Million % Share
USA 1,225.07 25.40
VIETNAM SOC REP 964.58 20.00
JAPAN 396.68 8.22
BELGIUM 205.57 4.26
CHINA P RP 188.93 3.92
OTHERS 1,842.09 38.19
TOTAL 4,822.92
2013-14 Trends
USA VIETNAM SOC REP JAPAN
BELGIUM CHINA P RP OTHERS
25%
38%
8% 20%
4% 4%
2014-15
USA 1,391.81 26.51
VIETNAM SOC REP 1,091.41 20.79
JAPAN 432.79 8.24
SPAIN 199.59 3.80
BELGIUM 192.61 3.67
OTHERS 1,941.22 36.98
TOTAL 5,249.43
2014-15 Trends
SPAIN BELGIUM OTHERS
27%
37%
8% 21%
4% 4%
2015-16
USA 1,212.87 27.04
VIETNAM SOC REP 883.62 19.70
JAPAN 396.32 8.83
SPAIN 179 3.99
BELGIUM 149.26 3.33
OTHERS 1,665.15 37.12
TOTAL 4,486.22
2016-17
USA 1,560.73 28.37
JAPAN 383.19 6.97
SPAIN 233.58 4.25
THAILAND 223.88 4.07
OTHERS 1,746.57 31.75
TOTAL 5,500.97
2015-16 Trends
SPAIN BELGIUM OTHERS
27%
37%
9% 20%
3% 4%
2016-17 Trends
SPAIN THAILAND OTHERS
32% 28%
4%
4% 7% 25%
2017-18
USA 2,105.93 30.74
JAPAN 443.85 6.48
THAILAND 256.2 3.74
SPAIN 244.24 3.57
OTHERS 1,956.81 28.56
TOTAL 6,850.82
2017-18 Trends
THAILAND SPAIN OTHERS
29% 31%
4%
4%
6% 27%
EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES / POTENTIAL MAP
The Export Potential Map identifies products, markets and suppliers with (untapped) export potential as well as opportunities
for export diversification for 226 countries and territories and 4,363 products.
Based on the ITC export potential and diversification assessment methodology, it evaluates export performance, the target
market's demand and tariff conditions as well as bilateral links between the exporting country and target market to provide a
unique ranking of untapped opportunities.
Why use this tool?
The Export Potential Map provides timely and practical information on products, markets, and suppliers with untapped
potential, as well as prioritizing new sectors with favourable chances for success in export diversification.
It is detailed, robust and geared towards supporting sustainable development. It uses data based on the 6-digit level of the
Harmonized System and employs a wide range of measures to enhance data quality. The Export Potential Map focuses
beyond extractive industries, as well as environmentally damaging and hazardous products, to guide export development
towards a less volatile and more environmentally conscious path. It also integrates information on land and resources
available in countries to deliver targeted results.
Who can benefit?
Trade advisers can use the tool to provide detailed guidance to businesses on unexplored export opportunities.
Policymakers can consult this tool to gather information about their country’s export potential when prioritizing products and
partner countries for national and regional export strategies, as well as for trade policy negotiations.
Private companies can employ the tool for a quick scan of attractive target markets for the products they produce and
export.
What is measured?
The Export Potential Indicator identifies the potential export value for any exporter in a given product and target market
based on an economic model that combines the exporter's supply with the target market's demand and market access
conditions. For existing export products, supply is measured through historical information on export performance. Potential
export values can be compared with actual export values to find exporters, products and markets with room for growth.
The Product Diversification Indicator estimates supply using the Product Space methodology which establishes links
between products based on how frequently they coincide in countries' in export baskets. It assumes that products that are
often exported together rely on similar capabilities for their production. Supply is combined with the target market’s demand
and market access conditions to ensure that feasible products for the exporter also have favourable chances of export
success.
4. EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES / POTENTIAL MAP - 1
POTENTIAL PRODUCTS
POTENTIAL PRODUCTS
COMMODITY WISE EXPORT DATA IN US$ MILLION.
S
NO. HS CODE COMMODITY 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 CAGR
30739 MUSSELS OTHER THAN 3.42 3.74 3.86 5.5 7.47
1 LIVE FRESH OR CHLLD 17%
30611 ROCK LOBSTER AND 0.0085 6.73 8.89 12.38 23.76
OTHER SEA CRAWFISH
(PALINURUS SP
PANULIRUS SP JASUS
2 SP)FRZN 389%
30445 FRSH OR CHLD FILLETS 0.03 0.08 0.17 2.07 2.97
OF SWORDFISH (XIPHIAS
3 GLADIUS) 151%
30354 MACKEREL FROZEN 40.99 46.21 72.82 140.21 154.45
4 30%
30489 OTHER: 1.5 2.11 3.21 3.94 4.76
5 26%
30499 OTHER 121.64 132.37 145.23 158.65 237.4
6 14%
Based on the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of last 5 years, following are the
Potential Products of Seafood .
EXPORT TREND
250
200
MUSSELS OTHER THAN LIVE FRESH
OR CHLLD
ROCK LOBSTER AND OTHER SEA
CRAWFISH (PALINURUS SP
150 PANULIRUS SP JASUS SP)FRZN
FRSH OR CHLD FILLETS OF
SWORDFISH (XIPHIAS GLADIUS)
MACKEREL FROZEN
100 OTHER:
OTHER
50
0
2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18
5. EXPORT OPPORTUNITIES / POTENTIAL MAP - 2
POTENTIAL MARKETS.
Based on the Compound Annual Growth Rate of last 5 years , following are the Top 5 Potential
2013- 2014- 2015- 2016- 2017-
Country
S. NO. 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 CAGR
1 MALTA 0.01 0.26 0.26 0.43 0.49 118%
MOROCCO 0.23 0.16 0.07 0.53 3.53
2 73%
3 IRAQ 0.18 0.15 0.76 1.32 49%
4 POLAND 1.47 4.21 7.69 9.08 9.5 45%
UKRAINE 0.26 0.11 0.05 0.19 1.41
5 40%
Markets of Seafood .
5 Years Export Trend

10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018
MALTA MOROCCO IRAQ POLAND UKRAINE

6. BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN RTA MARKETS
Export to SAARC Member Countries.
 Introduction
 South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)
 Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA)
 Export to Afghanistan
 Export to Bangladesh
 Export to Bhutan
 Export to Sri Lanka
 Export to Nepal
 Export to Maldives
 Export to Pakistan
Introduction
Established in 1985, SAARC or South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is a group of
eight countries including India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan, Maldives, Bhutan, Bangladesh,
and Nepal. They all are neighbor countries that share a lot of similarities in terms of religion and
culture. Because of this Indian has adopted a liberal trade policy with these countries.
Apart from SAARAC, India is also a member of BIMSTEC (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri
Lanka, and Thailand Economic Co-operation), International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World
Bank and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). India is even a founding member of GATT and
the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA)
The Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) was signed at Islamabad during the
Twelfth SAARC Summit on 6 January 2004. The Agreement on South Asian Free Trade Area
(SAFTA) was signed by all the member states of the South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC), namely, India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri
Lanka. India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are categorized as Non-Least Developed Contracting States
(NLDCS) and Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal are categorized as Least Developed
Contracting States (LDCS).
Article 7 of the SAFTA Agreement provides for a phased tariff liberalization programme (TLP)
under which, in two years, NLDCS would bring down tariffs to 20%, while LDCS will bring
them down to 30%. Non-LDCS will then bring down tariffs from 20% to 0-5% in 5 years (Sri
Lanka 6 years), while LDCS will do so in 8 years. NLDCs will reduce their tariffs for L.D.C.
products to 0-5% in 3 years. This TLP covers all tariff lines except those kept in the sensitive list
(negative list) by the member states.
Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA)
Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) is a special type of agreement that gives access to only
certain goods. Preferential Trade Agreement is done by reducing tariffs, but it does not
abolish them completely. PTA is established through trade pact and it is the weakest form
of economic integration. Among the SAARC countries, India enjoys PTA with the
Afghanistan. Other countries that have PTA with India are Chile and MERCOSUR (a
trading bloc in Latin America comprising Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay).
Export to Afghanistan
India has a signed a Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) on March 6,2003 with the
Afghanistan, according to which preferential tariff is granted by the Government of
Afghanistan on eight items exported from India including tea, medicines, sugar, cement.
Export to Bangladesh
Bangladesh is one of the largest export markets for Indian trade. The bilateral trade
between the two nations is carried out as per guidelines given in the Bangladesh Trade
Agreement which provides beneficial arrangement for the use of waterways, railways and
roadways passage of goods between two places in one country through the territory of the
other.
Major items exported from India to Bangladesh include wheat other cereals, dairy
products, oils meals, cotton yarn, fabrics, made ups, petroleum crude and products, plastic
and linoleum products rice machinery and instruments and primary and semi finished iron
and steel, pulses transport equipments drugs pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals processed
mineral manmade yarn, fabrics, made ups manufactures of metal and fresh fruits and
vegetables.
Export to Bhutan
The Free Trade Agreement between India and Bhutan provides for free trade between the
two countries. Under this agreement India also provides shipment facilities through Indian
Territory for Bhutan's Trade with third countries. All the export transactions are carried
out in Indian Rupees and Bhutanese Ngultrum. Major items exported from India to
Bangladesh include metals machinery and instruments, machine tools transport
equipments, electronics goods rice (other than basmati), spirit and beverages,
miscellaneous processed items primary and semi finished iron and steel and cereals.
Export to Sri Lanka
After Bangladesh, Sri Lanka is the biggest export market for India. Trade between the two
countries is carried out as per guidelines mention in the Indo-Sri Lanka Free Trade
Agreement (SAFTA). Major items of export from India have been pulses, wheat, other
cereal spices, oil meals, fresh vegetables, miscellaneous processed items, drugs
pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals inorganic/ organic agro chemicals rubber
manufactured goods except footwear, glass , glassware ceramic and allied products
paper/wood products plastic and linoleum products non ferrous metals manufactures of
metals, machinery and instruments, iron and steel bar/rod etc. primary and semi finished
iron and steel, electronic goods, cotton yarn, fabric, made ups, and petroleum crude and
products.
Export to Nepal
India-Nepal Trade Treaty between India and Nepal is signed for the time period of five
years. Under this trade agreement major items exported from India include drugs ,
pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, petroleum product, pulses, transport equipment, rice
other than basmati, tobacco, manufactured, spices, oil meals fresh fruits and vegetables,
miscellaneous processed items, ores and minerals glassware/ceramics, manufactures of
metals, primary and semi finished iron and steel and cotton yarn fabrics made ups.
Export to Maldives
Trade between India and Maldives is governed by the rules as mentioned in the Indo-
Maldives Trade Agreement signed on 31st March 1981. Under this agreement Indian
major exports itmes to Maldives include rice other than basmati, sugar, fresh vegetables,
miscellaneous processed item, drugs, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals plastic and
linoleum products, manufactures of metals and machinery equipment. India and Maldives
also shares the status of “Most Favored Nation” with each other.
Export to Pakistan
No trade agreement has been signed between India and Pakistan till 2007. Although India has
granted the status of “Most Favoured Nation” to Pakistan since 1996 but Pakistan has yet to
reciprocate by granting this status to India.
Indian exports to Pakistan are restricted to a list 773 items known as Positive List and include
rice other than basmati, spices, oil meals, iron ore, drugs, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals
rubber manufactured products except footwear, plastic and linoleum products, manufactures of
metals and petroleum crude and products.
Export From India to CIS Countires.
 Introduction
 Major Trading Partners in the CIS Region
 Major Items of Exports
 India CIS Trade Relations - Armenia
 India CIS trade relations – Georgia
 India CIS Trade Relations – Ukraine
 India CIS Trade Relations – Latvia
 India CIS Trade Relations – Estonia
 India CIS Trade Relations – Lithuania
 India CIS Trade Relations – Belarus
Introduction
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was founded in 1991 after the dissolution of
the Soviet Union. At present the CIS includes Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia,
Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and
Ukraine. Relations between India and countries of the CIS Region have remained close and
cordial since the Soviet era. However, bilateral trade and commercial relations of India
have not grown commensurately with these newly formed countries. Due to the factors like
distance, language barrier, inadequate transport facility, inadequacy of information about
business opportunities CIS only constitutes 1.2% share in India's total exports.
Major Trading Partners in the CIS Region
Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Belarus are India's major trading
partners, constituting more than 90% of India's total bilateral trade with the CIS countries.
Major Items of Exports

India's major items of export to this region are : cotton, drugs, pharmaceuticals coffee, tea
tobacco machinery & instrument, processed mineral, plastic and Linoleum products gem
& jewellery, transport equipment, etc.
India CIS Trade Relations – Armenia
Despite a trade agreement being signed, India's trade with Armenia after independence has
been not worth mentioning. Indian exports to Armenia in 2002 were worth US$ 5.6 million
which mainly includes car batteries, chemical goods, pharmaceuticals, and electrical
equipments.
India CIS trade relations – Georgia
Trade relations between India and Georgia were established in 1992, according to which
two countries agreed that there would be cooperation within the framework of Indian
Council for Cultural Relations and Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation. Trade
turnover between India and Georgia in 2006 was US$ 20,521,700. Laws on tariffs have
been simplified and so far the trend has been such that India's exports to Georgia have
been more than Georgia's exports to India.
India CIS Trade Relations – Ukraine
Ukraine is the second largest trade partner of India in the CIS region, after the Russian
Federation. Diplomatic relations between India and Ukraine were established way back in
the 1960s. In March, 1992 a treaty on friendship and cooperation was signed to strengthen
bilateral trade. More than 17 bilateral Agreements have been signed between India and
Ukraine, including agreements on Cooperation in Science and Technology, Foreign Office
Consultation, Cooperation in Space Research, Avoidance of Double Taxation and
Promotion and Protection of Investments. The amount of bilateral trade that took place
between the two countries in 2004 was worth more than $500,000. India mainly exports
pharmaceutical products to Ukraine.
India CIS Trade Relations – Latvia
In 1991, diplomatic relations between the two countries were formed. Bilateral trade
relations between these two countries are not very intense due to inaction on both sides.
Import to Latvia amounted to US$ 16,954,219 and the export stood at US$ 2,554,392 in
2005. The major export items from India include pharmaceuticals and healthcare
products, telecommunications, IT and software, development; heavy engineering; export of
textiles gems and jewellery, chemicals and dyes, vegetables and fruits, leather and leather
products and third country exports.
India CIS Trade Relations – Estonia
Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in December, 1991. In
2005, the total amount of bilateral trade that took place was €19.6 million. India mainly
exports vegetables, chemical, and textile products to Estonia.
India CIS Trade Relations – Lithuania
In July, 1993 an Agreement on Trade and Economic Cooperation was signed between
India and Lithuania. India mainly exports pharmaceuticals, paper, and textiles items to
Lithuania. The major items imported from India include pharmaceuticals, paper, and
textiles. Lithuania exports cement, metals, sulphur, and base metals. The total bilateral
trade between the two countries stands at US$ 47.06.
India CIS Trade Relations – Belarus
In 2005, India's trade turnover with Belarus amounted to around US$ 118.3 million. The
export items from India include pharmaceuticals, tea, rice, pepper, yarn, organic dyes,
machine and electrical equipments.
7. ITC TRADE MAP – UNDERSTANDING 5*5 TRADE MATRIX
8. EXPORT MARKETING AND ASSISTANCE BY DIFFERENT

INSTITUTIONS.
The Marine Products Industry/Seafood Industry is governed by The Marine Products Export
Development Authority (MPEDA).
The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)

The Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) was set up by an act of
Parliament during 1972 headquartered at Kochi. MPEDA functions under the Department of
Commerce, Government of India and acts as a coordinating agency with different Central and
State Government establishments engaged in fishery production and allied activities.
The erstwhile Marine Products Export Promotion Council established by the Government of
India in September 1961 was converged in to MPEDA on 24th August 1972. MPEDA is given
the mandate to promote the marine products industry with special reference to exports from the
country. It is envisaged that this organisation would take all actions to develop and augment the
resources required for promoting the exports of “all varieties of fishery products known
commercially as shrimp, prawn, lobster, crab, fish, shell-fish, other aquatic animals or plants or
part thereof and any other products which the authority may, by notification in the Gazette of
India, declare to be marine products for the purposes of (the) Act”. The Act empowers MPEDA
to regulate exports of marine products and take all measures required for ensuring sustained,
quality seafood exports from the country. MPEDA is given the authority to prescribe for itself
any matters which the future might require for protecting and augmenting the seafood exports
from the country. It is also empowered to carry out inspection of marine products, its raw
material, fixing standards, specifications, and training as well as take all necessary steps for
marketing the seafood overseas.
MPEDA is the nodal agency for the holistic development of seafood industry in India to realise
its full export potential as a nodal agency. Based on the recommendations of MPEDA,
Government of India notified new standards for fishing vessels, storage premises, processing
plants and conveyances. MPEDA’s focus is mainly on Market Promotion, Capture Fisheries,
Culture Fisheries, Processing Infrastructure & Value addition, Quality Control, Research and
Development.
Functions of MPEDA in brief:
1. Registration of infrastructural facilities for seafood export trade.
2. Collection and dissemination of trade information.
3. Promotion of Indian marine products in overseas markets.
4. Implementation of schemes vital to the industry by extending assistance for infrastructure

development for better preservation and modernised processing following quality regime.
5. Promotion of aquaculture for augmenting export production through hatchery development,

new farm development, diversification of species and up gradation of technology
6. Promotion of deep-sea fishing projects through test fishing, joint ventures and up gradation &
installation of equipments to increase the efficiency of fishing.
7. Market promotional activities and publicity.
8. To carry out inspection of marine products, its raw material, fixing standards and
specifications, training, regulating as well as to take all necessary steps for maintaining the
quality of seafood that are marketed overseas.
9. Impart trainings to fishermen, fish processing workers, aquaculture farmers and other stake
holders in the respective fields related to fisheries.
10. Conduct research and development for the aquaculture of aquatic species having export
potential through Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Aquaculture (RGCA).
11. Conduct extension and awareness activities, trainings etc through Network for Fish Quality
Management and Sustainable Fishing (NETFISH) & National Centre for Sustainable
Aquaculture (NaCSA).
12. To prescribe for itself any matters required for protecting and augmenting the seafood exports
from the country in the future.
Services Offered by MPEDA
1. Registration of infrastructure facilities for Seafood Export trade
2. Collection and dissemination of trade information

3. Projection of Indian marine products in overseas markets by participation in overseas fairs and
organising international seafood fairs in India
4. Implementation of development measures vital to the industry like distribution of insulated

fish boxes, putting up fish landing platforms, improvement of peeling sheds, modernisation of
industry such as upgrading of plate freezers, installation of IQF machinery, generator sets, ice
making machineries, quality control laboratory etc.
5. Promotion of brackish water aquaculture for production of prawn for export.
6. Promotion of deep sea fishing projects through test fishing, joint venture and equity
participation.
IMPACTS OF WTO ON INDIAN MARINE PRODUCTS INDUSTRY.
IMPLICATION OF TARIFF BARRIERS FOR INDIA - According to the Indian

Export-Import Policy 2002-2007, all marine products with a few exceptions under the
Wildlife Protection Act 1972, can be exported free subject to pre-shipment quality
inspection. 90% of Indian seafood exports comprise frozen fish, shrimp and cephalopod.
The average tariff rate in Japan, the biggest Indian seafood market, is 4.1 %. US, the
second biggest market for Indian seafood, has just a nominal 1 % tariff duty. EU, the third
biggest importer, has an average tariff duty of 10.2 %, followed by China, the fourth
biggest, which has a bound tariff rate of 18 %.
IMPLICATIONS OF NON – TARIFF BARRIERS FOR INDIA - According to the

Seafood Exporters Association of India (SEAI), since February 2002, there were several
cases of rejection of Indian shrimp imports in the EU market on account of detecting traces
of prohibited carcinogenic antibiotics like nitrofuran and chloramphenicol as well as other
bacterial inhibitors like amino-glycosides and macrolides. Following the EU requirements,
on 17 August 2001 India issued a notification specifying the limits for various antibiotics,
pesticide and heavy metal residues in seafood products, ITN (2002). International
Organization of Standardization (ISO) 9000 is recognized under the Export-Import Policy
of Government of India. Firms, including seafood firms, enjoy certain privileges if they are
ISO 9000 firms. Under the 1997- 2002 Export-Import Policy, Government of India,
exporters with ISO 9000 were given Special Import License (SIL) up to 5 % of f.o.b. value.
By the year 1997, a new regime for marine fisheries has arisen with the declaration of the
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) by most of the littoral countries. The EEZ gives the right to
these countries to extend their jurisdiction over the living and non-living resources within a 200
miles of zone of the oceans from their shores.

9. SUSTAINABILITY TRADE MAP (PRODUCT SPECIFIC CERTIFICATIONS)
PRODUCT SPECIFIC CERTIFICATES
 Catch Certificate for EU for frozen cargo
 Catch Certificate for EU for Chilled/Dried/Live cargo
 Catch Certificate for non- EU for frozen cargo
 Catch Certificate for non- EU for Chilled/Dried/Live cargo
 DS 2031 for export of shrimps to USA
 ICCAT Statistical Document for frozen cargo
 ICCAT Statistical Document for Chilled or Dried or Live cargo
 Certificate of Legal Origin to Chile for frozen cargo
 Certificate of Legal Origin to Chile for Chilled or Dried or Live cargo
10. GLOBAL STANDARDS - SPS, TBT, EIC etc.
SPS - The transparency provisions of the SPS Agreement are designed to ensure that measures
taken to protect human, animal and plant health are made known to the interested public and
to trading partners.
TBT - The Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Agreement aims to ensure that technical
regulations, standards, and conformity assessment procedures are non-discriminatory and do not
create unnecessary obstacles to trade. ... Through its transparency provisions, it also aims to
create a predictable trading environment.
EIC - The Export Inspection Council (EIC) is the official export –certification body of India
which ensures quality and safety of products exported from India. EIC was set up by the
Government of India under Section 3 of the Export (Quality Control and Inspection) Act, 1963 to
ensure sound development of export trade of India through quality control and inspection and
matters connected therewith. The role of EIC is to ensure that products notified under the Export
(Quality Control and Inspection) Act 1963 are meeting the requirements of the importing
countries in respect of their quality and safety.
11. EXPORT PRICING AND FREIGHT CALCULATION
Export Price
Production cost and sales price
The cost of production is calculated by collecting the costs of the processes until a product is
ready for sale. The selling price is simply stated as cost + profit, but requires the addition of a lot
of costs, depending on which conditions you will sell to the customer.
When calculating the unit price of the product for exporters and importers, many things need to
be taken into account according to the form of payment and delivery type, except for the
production costs. For example, exworks, ie the unit cost account in an export to be made by
factory delivery and prepayment, is the cost + profit, while the DDP delivery type and the extra
costs that must be taken into account in the sale of a 30-day term: all shipping costs, insurance
cost, all customs costs, all costs to be paid taxes and finally the 30-day maturity difference.
How to Create a Export Price?

Exporters should base their product price on exwork price. The basic price for all price
quotations should be exworks and cash price, and the difference for other delivery and forward
sales should be calculated to reflect the unit cost. If the importer requests a price including one or
more of the transport, insurance and customs stages, the additional price must be calculated and
the product price re-determined.
For example, if the importer requests the FOB price, the exworks price, including the
transportation of the goods to the nearest port, including the internal transportation cost and the
costs of the port should be added.
Exporters often prepare cost tables for their products, including exwork, FOB, CIF, CIP prices,
and give customers a price according to the type of delivery requested upon request.
Structure of Export Price

a. Factory cost of product
b. Manufacturer's profit
(a + b) Delivery at Factory Door Product Price ( exworks price )
c. Packaging and Marking
d. Factory Installation
to. Transportation to ports, railways or the airport
f. Costs and costs for port / railway / airport use
g. Document costs (CMR, konişmento v.s.)
h. Certificate of origin
I. If any export duty
(a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i) Local Port Costs Included Export Price ( FOB )
j. Insurance premium and policy costs
k. Sea or air transportation costs
l. Port / railway / airport use costs
(a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l) Export Price Including Costs Up to Arrival
Port (CIF)
m. Discharge costs at the destination
n. Customs duties and other taxes
o. (a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o) All costs Included Export

Price (DDP)
p. Transportation to the importer's warehouse
q. Importer's profit share
r. Wholesaler's profit share
s. Profit share of the retailer
(a + b + c + d + e + f + g + h + i + j + k + l + m + n + o + p + q + r + s) Importer's sale price
What are the factors increasing the cost during export?

- Sales commissions if you have agents
- Additional costs incurred during transportation (demurrage, detention)
- costs of additional documents required for customs procedures (health certificates, permits
from legal institutions)
- Financing costs (forward sales, factoring costs, bank cuts)
- Letter of credit expenses (letter of credit opening costs, reserve cuts)
- Packaging costs (importer demands non-standard packaging)
- Cost of labeling and marking (certification costs for markings such as CE)
- Transportation costs within the country (Carriage of containers between factory and port)
- Costs of unloading at the destination of the product.
- Insurance costs
- Transactions such as translation of required documents (Customs certified offices or officially
approved officially requested translation)
- Credit maturities
- Costs for storage (warehouse and warehouse costs)
Exporters should consider all cost items listed in this paper when calculating their export sales
prices. Another important issue is that exporters should calculate the costs of each export as a
separate file. Most of the additional costs listed in this list may occur in an export, but no
additional costs may be incurred in another export. Therefore, the unit cost of each export file
will be different. For example, a letter of sale with a letter of credit is a more reliable and
guaranteed sale compared to the goods, but it has to be included in the costs. On the other hand,
in a maritime export, due to unexpected control and paperwork processes, the container carrying
your load may be kept in the harbor for days and there may be additional costs such as
reimbursement and demurrage.
What are the necessary information when determining the export price?
The same product, by the same exporter, can be exported to different countries, different prices.
When you encounter this type of situation, do not assume that you are making arbitrary pricing at
this supplier, supplier or competitor. There can be many reasons for this.
Note that these items may vary from country to country, including items such as CIP, DAP,
DDP, ie, exporters' price, port costs in the country of destination, domestic transportation,
customs costs, local taxes. Another issue is that even in the same country, taxes may be the same,
port costs, internal transportation costs may vary greatly from region to region.
For example, when the door delivery price is given, the transporters offer a more favorable price
for northern France than for southern France, even if the vehicles will be shorter. Because
northern France is the industrial zone and the load is guaranteed for every truck that will carry
cargo there, the truck going south will have to wait for the return load and may not even find the
return load, so the shipping cost is higher.
Another issue is the competitive factor. If you are competing with rival companies that already
export to the country you want to export, or with local producers in that country, this may lower
your profit margin. This information is about costs and targeted foreign markets. The
determination of costs will enable the exporter to generate comparative export prices for each
market and to see the degree of competitiveness of the exporter in each of the selected markets.
On the other hand, it is also important that the exporter company is informed about the target
market. It is important for the exporter to know the size of the target market, competitive
conditions, prices of competitors and the expectations of consumers. Sales in this country will be
carried out by the importer, but if the exporter knows the market conditions well, he / she acts
accordingly when determining the price or negotiating the sales stage.
Providing information on competitive activities in both domestic and foreign markets is vital for
accurate pricing. If the Firm is aware of the prices of its competitors or has been able to foresee
and determine the additional costs that may occur, it will be able to provide competitive and
realistic prices.
Price List in Exports - Checklist

a) Target Market Information
Which countries can be exported?
Who are the major competitors in different countries?
Market size and capacity?
Market growth capacity?
b) Information on Competition
Do competitive products have quality and pricing options?
What are the demands of importers?
What is the market share of competitors?
Financial conditions of competitors in the market?
Are the competition conditions in the market variable?
c) Information About Prices

Prices of competing products?
Are there any leading companies in the market?
What is the relationship between price and sales quantity?
Are there expectations in the market such as discounts, promotions and technical support?
d) Information on State Policies

What are the state policies for exporters and importers?
Do public agencies or government do direct imports?
Do you have any importer companies selling to public institutions?
FREIGHT CALCULATION
Freight rates are simply the price at which a certain cargo is delivered from one point to another.
Traditionally thats where the simplicity ends, as the calculations involved in producing these
prices can depend on the mode of transport (road freight, air freight or sea freight), the nature
and form of the cargo (Loose cargo, containerised cargo etc) the weight or volume of the cargo,
and the distance to the delivery destination.
Sea Freight Rates
The two main elements to the cost of transporting goods by sea are:
 The sea freight charges set by the carrier,

 Costs associated with handling and clearing the goods at the ports of loading and
discharge.
Another factor that affects the cost of containerised sea freight, is whether the goods require a
dedicated full container (FCL) or can be consolidated with other cargo (LCL). Lets break down
both below.
FCL (Full Container Load)
FCL is the abbreviation for a “Full Container Load“. And the term is pretty self explanatory. The
shipping line charges a flat fee per 20′ container, 40′ container or 40′ High cube container, and
the amount is dependent on many factors including origin, destination, volume, time of year, plus
many other variables. Unless you have a contract with the shipping line or are moving significant
volume, you will usually get a more favorable deal from a freight forwarder, who will likely
have access (directly or indirectly) to a discounted rate based on certain volume agreements.
LCL (Less than Container Load)
When you do not have enough cargo to fill a shipping container (also known as groupage
shipping)
, LCL is usually a very viable option. Specialist LCL sea freight consolidators run services to all
of the major ports and gateways around the world. They do this by paying for a full container
from the shipping line, consolidating multiple smaller shipments at their warehouse, loading and
shipping the full container in the usual manner and then earning their profit by charging a pro
rata rate per 1000 kgs or 1 Cubic Meter (whichever is greater), known as weight or measure
(w/m)
FCL or LCL ?
There are some instances where a shipper will not want to share a container even if LCL is
cheaper, but for most the decision of which option to choose comes down to cost.
Consider the below example when shipping from London to Durban, South Africa (fictional
rates !) Lets say shipment size of 2000 kgs and 10.000 M3
20 ‘ container would cost £2500 including all costs from collected to arrival port.
LCL rate would be £95 w/m (per 1000 kgs or 1.000 m3) from collected to arrival port.
This leaves the following options

 Pay £2500 if shipping as full container load (FCL), or
 Pay £950 if shipping as less than container load (LCL)
How to calculate freight rates ?
Sea Freight rates are normally provided in the form of a Freight quotation, and the format of
these quotations can vary from freight forwarder to freight forwarder and sea freight company to
sea freight company. Whilst new surcharges seem to be introduced daily, your sea freight price
will most likely be made up of the below freight & surcharge items.
Name Description FCL Charge Type LCL Charge Type

Inland Haulage Haulage from shipper Lump SumCan Lump SumCan
to export warehouse include OR be subject include OR be subject
or port of exit. to Fuel surcharge to Fuel surcharge
UK THC Terminal handling Lump Sum Weight or Measure
charge – container (W/M) Usually based
handling at the port or on per 1000 kgs or
consolidation 1.000 M3 whichever
warehouse the greater.
Documentation Admin charge for Lump SumCan be Lump SumCan be
required shipping multiple items for multiple items for
documentation. different different
documentation. I.e. documentation. I.e.
Shipping line Bill of Shipping line Bill of
lading / House Bill of lading / House Bill of
lading / certificates of lading / certificates of
originetc. originetc.
Customs Clearance Production and Lump Sum Lump Sum
lodging of customs
declaration.
Security Surcharge for Lump Sum Lump sum
additional security
measures usually
imposed by the port.
Ocean freight Base rate for ocean Lump Sum Rates sold Weight or Measure
freight. per size unit. I.e. 20′ (W/M) Usually based
cntr = $1000 40′ cntr on per 1000 kgs or
= $2000 1.000 M3 whichever
the greater.
BAF Bunker adjustment Lump Sum Rates Weight or Measure
factor – fuel surcharge charged per size unit. (W/M) Usually based
for the ocean transport I.e. 20′ cntr = $350 on per 1000 kgs or
40′ cntr = $700 1.000 M3 whichever
the greater.
CAF Currency adjustment Percentage of Freight Usually a percentage
factor – hedging of Normally advised as of the freight or
currency exchange percentage of freight sometimes W/M. This
risk rate. I.e. 20′ cntr = really comes down to
$1000 CAF @ 12% = how the freight
$120 forwarder choose to
present it, often it will
be shown as
‘inclusive’
There may be additional charges depending on where you are shipping to, but the above are the
core freight rate components when shipping under CFR incoterms. Some freight forwarders will
charge for providing sea freight tracking services, but most now offer this as standard, unless
some bespoke form of sea freight tracking is required and they need to incorporate something
outside of their internal systems.
Some sea freight forwarders or the consolidators themselves will incorporate some or all of these
charges into the Ocean freight rates to simplify the calculation. Nothing wrong with this, but just
ensure you are comparing ‘apples with apples’.

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1.

Export or import , why and what are the

There are many good reasons for exporting:

WHY NEED TO IMPORT

 Registration with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

 Registration with Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)

Registration with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)

Registration with Director General of Foreign Trade (DGFT)

Registration with Export Promotion Council

Registration with Commodity Boards

Commodity Board is registered agency designated by the Ministry of Commerce, Government of

Registration with Income Tax Authorities

Application for IEC Number

Guidelines for filling up IEC Form

Duplicate Copy of IEC No.

Surrender of IEC No.

2. Product identification for exports / imports {ITC(HS)}

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION FOR EXPORTS

Key Factors in Product Selection

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION FOR IMPORTS

ITC-HS codes are divided into two schedules.

CURRENT SCENARIO - The Indian Seafood Industry today is

IMPORTANCE OF THE INDUSTRY

SOCIAL IMPORTANCE - It is estimated that the entire coastal

Crustaceans , Molluscs and other Aquatic

03 - Fish and Crustaceans , Molluscs and

1. 8 - Digit 03061790 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS

4 - Digit 0307 MOLUSCS W/N SHL,LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZN,

6 - Digit 030743 CUTTLE FISH AND SQUID FROZEN

03074320 WHOLE SQUIDS FROZEN

6 - Digit 030389 OTHER

8 - Digit 03038930 RIBBON FISH FROZEN

03035400 MACKEREL FROZEN

4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER

8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER

Reasons for the Growth and Decline of

2011-12 : Chairperson of the Marine Products Export Development Authority

2013-14: The increase is mainly because of L. Vannamei, an exotic shrimp variety,

2015-16: Marine Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA) chairman A

2016-17 : “Increased production of L. Vannamei, diversification of aquaculture

Estimated Export for the next 5 Years.

10000 9539.21 Export(USD)

AND CRUSTACEANS, MOLLUSCS AND

S HS CODE COMMODITY EXPORT % SHARE

8 - Digit 03061719 OTHER SCAMPI 1,853.36 0.5895

Following are the major products under this

2. 6 - Digit 030389 OTHER: 543.94 0.1730

8 - Digit 03038930 RIBBON FISH FROZEN 304.04 0.0967

4 - Digit 0307 MOLUSCS W/N SHL,LIVE,FRSH,CHLD,FRZN, 558.09 0.1775

030741 CUTLE FISH AND SQUID LIVE FRSH/CHLD 160.98 0.0512

03074110 CUTTLE FISH LIVE FRSH OR CHLLD 149.59 0.0476

4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER 121.64 0.0387

8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER 121.64 0.0387

2. 6 - Digit 030389 OTHER: 468.62 0.1510

8 - Digit 03038930 RIBBON FISH FROZEN 229.27 0.0739

S HS CODE COMMODITY EXPORT % SHARE

8 - Digit 03061719 OTHER SCAMPI 2,373.72 0.7649

03061790 OTHER SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS 1,216.42 0.3920

030741 CUTLE FISH AND SQUID LIVE FRSH/CHLD 215.17 0.0693

03074990 OTHER 106.48 0.0343

03074110 CUTTLE FISH LIVE FRSH OR CHLLD 201.12 0.0648

4. 6 - Digit 030499 OTHER 132.37 0.0427

8 - Digit 03049900 OTHER 132.37 0.0427