(1.) CONCRETING-GENERAL: (3.

) C O L U M N S :

1.01 G R A D E : FOR ALL STRUCTURAL MEMBERS USE SPECIFIED CONCRETE-MIX. AT
JUNCTIONS OF MEMBERS WITH DIFFERENT GRADES OF CONCRETE,USE/CONCRETE OF
HIGHER GRADE.
1.02 W A T E R : FOR ALL CONCRETING WORK USE MINIMUM WATER REQUIRED FOR PROPER
WORKABILITY. CONTROL QUNTITY OF WATER CAREFULLY FOR EACH BATCH OF
CONCRETE.
1.03 M I X E R : ALL CONCRETE SHALL BE MACHINE-MIXED.HAND-MIXING BE PERMITTED ONLY
FOR MINOR STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS LIKE SMALL-SPAN LINTELS,LOFTS ETC.,ENSURE
10% ADDITIONAL CEMENT IS USED. IF HYDROPHOBIC OR PUZZOLANA CEMENT IS
USED,HAND MIXING IS NOT PERMITTED EVEN FOR MINOR WORK.
1.04 V I B R A T O R : ALL CONCRETE LAID IN FOOTINGS, COLUMNS, BEAMS, PARDIS AND ALL
IMPORTANT STRUCT. MEMBERS BE COMPACTED BY NEEDLE-TYPE INTERNAL
VEBRATORS, HOWEVER,FOR COMPACTING CONCRETE IN SLABS, DO NOT USE
NEEDLE-TYPE OF VIBRATOR, INSTEAD, USE SCREED-VIBRATORSOR MANUAL SCREED
TAMPERS. DO NOT PLACE VIBRATING NEEDLE ON REINF. BARS. AVOID OVER-VIBRATION;
IT MAY CAUSE SEGGREGATION. ALSO AVOID VIBRATING CONCRETE WHICH HAS BEEN
SET FOR MORE THAN 30 MINUTES. IT IS GOOD PRACTICE TO KEEP A SPARE NEEDLE FOR
IMMEDIATE REPLACEMENT AT TIME OF FAILURE.
1.05 P O U R I N G : CONCRETE SHOULD BE PLACED CAREFULLY IN THE FORMS. DO NOT
DROP CONCRETE FROM HEIGHT MORE THAN 2.0metres. WHEN COLUMN-FOOTINGS
LOCATED AT DEPTH MORE THAN 2.Om.ARE BEING CONCRETED, USE METAL CHUTES
AND REMIX CONCRETE AT LOWER LEVEL, BEFORE PLACING INTO FORMS.
ALL THE JOINTS ARE TO BE LOFT ROUG BY PUTTING DRY AGGREGATE ON THE TOP
AFTER CONCRETING TO RECIEVE THE NEXT CONCRETE FOR ALL R.C.C. STRUCTURAL
MEMBERS.
1.06 C U R I N G : ALL CONCRETE WORK BE CURED BY PROFUSE WATERING FOR A PERIOD OF
MINIMUM 7 DAYS. FOR FLAT SURFACES LIKE SLABS, CREATE WATER-POND OF MIN.
50mm DEPTH.
ALL OTHER SURFACES BE COVERED WITH GUNNY-BAGS TO MAINTAIN MOIST
CONDITION.
1.07 C O V E R : PROVIDE PROPER COVER TO ALL REINFORCEMENT AS SPECIFIED BELOW.
USE COVER BLOCKS OF APPROPRIATE SIZE. THE COVER-BLOCKS MAY BE OF RICH
MORTAR OR APPROVED QUALITY P.V.C. COVER-BLOCKS SHOULD BE SECURELY TIED TO
THE REINFORCEMENT.
1.0.8 REPAIRS TO HONEYCOMBED CONCRETE :- IN CASE, IF HONEYCOMBING IS OBSERVED
WHILE OPENING THE FORMS, IT SHOULD NOT BE PATCHED UP UNTIL IT HAS BEEN GOT
INSPECTED BY THE CONSULTANT AND PROPER INSTRUCTION OBTAINED FOR REPAIRS.
1.8.1 IF MAJOR HONEYCOMBING IS OBSERVED IN COLUMN, IT SHOULD BE DEMOLISED AND
RECONSTRUCTED.
1.8.2 FOR REPAIRS TO HONEYCOMBED CONCRETE FOLLOW THE FOLLOWING PROCEDURE :
A) REMOVE ALL LOOSE AGGREGATES BY LIGHT HAMMERING AND CLEAN ALL DUST
WITH WATER-JET.
B) IN CASE OF DEEP,NARROW HOLES, WIDEN THE SAME AT SURFACE, BY
CHISELLING TO PERMIT ENTRY OF GROUT & GUNITE.
C) FIRST, SEAL-UP ALL HOLES,CRACKS & CREVICES WITH RICH CEMENT GROUT.
NEXT, COVER THE AFFECTED AREA BY GROUTING OF POLYMER:NON SHRINK CEMENT:
STONEDUST FINESAND IN 0.1:1:2.0 PRQ.PORATION BY PRESSURE PUMP OF 3 TO 4
KG/CM2.
D) COVER THE REPAIRED PATCH WITH HESSIAN CLOTH AND CURE FOR MIN.10
DAYS.
(2.) F O O T I N G S :
2.01 B E D D I N G : ALL LOAD-BEARING WALLS AND COLUMN FOOTINGS SHOULD REST ON
FOUNDATION BED COMPRISING OF SOIL HAVING BEARING CAPACITY NOT LESS THAN 15
t/SQ.M. CAREPULLY AVOID CONTACT OF FOUNDATION STRUCTURE WITH
BLACK-COTTON SOIL.PREPARE FOUNDATION BED BY LIGHT WATERING AND RAMMING.
AVOID EXPOSING THE BED TO ATMOSPHERE FOR LONG TIME. IF THE BED IS EXPOSED TO
RAINS, remove MUD & LOOSE SOIL Before LAYING BEDDING CONCRETE. AFTER
PREPARING THE SOIL-BED COVER THE SAME AS SOON AS POSSIBLE WITH BEDDING
CONCRETE. USE M-100(1:4:8) CONCRETE USING 35-50 MM SIZE AGGREGATES FOR
BEDDING. CONCRETE. HOWEVER, DO NOT USE B.B.LIME CONCRETE FOR BEDDING. TOP
OF BEDDING CONC. BE LEVELEED PROPERLY FOR RESTING FOUNDATION OF
STRUCTURE.
2.02 F O R M S : IN CASE OF TRAPEZOIDAL FOOTINGS, PROVIDE WOODEN FORMS OF
SPECIFIED HEIGHT TO FORM THE MINIMUM DEPTH OF FOOTING. CHECK THE FORMS FOR
ALIGNMENT (Line) LEVEL AND SHAPE. CHECK DIAGONALS. FIX-UP INTERMEDIATE
SUPPORTS TO AVOID BULGING. HOWEVER FOR FORMING THE PYRAMIDAL SHAPE,
FORMS MAY NOT BE USED BUT THE SHAPE BE FORMED BY EXPERT MASONS, NOT BY
UNSKILLID LABOUR. THE EDGES OF PYRAMIDAL FORM SHOULD BE SHARP, IN PROPER
LINE AND THE SURFACES SHOULD NOT BE CONCAVED. IN NO CASE CONCRETE BE CAST
DIRECTLY AGAINST SOIL
3.01 F O R M S : COLUMN FORMS SHOULD BE MADE OF EITHER./WATER-PROOF PLYWOOD OR
STEEL PLATES.
FORMS SHOULD BE ASSEMBLED BY BOLTING, not by NAILING. AFTER THE FORMS ARE
ASSEMBLED, CHECK FOR CENTRES, SIZE, RIGHT-ANGLE AND PLUMB ON BOTH FACES AT
Rt.Angles. MAKE ALL EDGES PERFECTLY WATER-TIGHT BY APPLYING JOINT SEALING
COMPOUND LIKE PUTTY. ENSURE WATER-TIGHTNESS BETWEEN DIFFERENT SHIFTS OF
CONCRETING. DO NOT APPLY SHARP CROW-BARS FOR DE-SHUTTERING. TAKE UTMOST CARE
TO PREVENT DAMAGE TO THE CONCRETE EDGES WHILE REMOVING FORMS.
3.02 C O V E R - B L O C K S : PLACEMENT OF COVER-BLOCKS IS VERY VERY IMPORTANT
ESPECIALLY FOR COLUMNS. NORMALLY COLUMN FORMS ARE PLACED AFTER REINFORCEMENT
CAGE IS ERECTED. HENCE TIE-UP COVER-BLOCKS OF APPROPRIATE SIZE, WITH
LONGITUDINAL BARS, ON ALL FOUR SIDES OF THE REINF.CAGE, & PLACE SUCH LAYERS OF
COVER-BLOCKS at DISTANCE NOT EXCEEDING 1.0 m.c/c VERTICALLY. IN EACH SUCH
LAYER, IT IS PREFERABLE TO STAGGER THE LEVELS OF 4 COVER-BLOCKS TO AVOID
WEAKENING THAT SECTION OF COLUMN. IF COVER-BLOCKS TO AVOID WEAKENING THAT
SECTION OF COLUMN. IF COVER-BLOCKS ARE MADE OF MORTAR, ENSURE THE STRENGTH OF
BLOCK TO BE HIGHER THAN THAT OF CONCRETE SPECIFIED FOR THE COLUMN.
3.03 S T A R T E R : IT IS A GOOD PRACTICE TO PROVIDE A STARTER OF HEIGHT 75 TO
100mm AT START OF COLUMN EITHER ON GROUND FLOOR OR UPPER FLOOR. CENTRES AND
SIZE OF COLUMN SECTION BE CHECKED METICULOUSLY ON THIS STARTER, WHICH IS CAST
WITH CONTROLLED, RICH, HAND-MIXED CONCRETE BY SKILLED ARTISON, AND THE FORMS
ARE ALSO MADE TRUE TO SIZE AND SHAPE BY GOOD CARPENTER. WHILE ERECTING THE
FORMS FOR THE UPPER PART OF COLUMN, WATER-THIGHTNESS IS OBTAINED BY TIGHT
FITTING OF FORMS WITH THE STARTER FACES.
3.04 CONCRETE USED FOR COLUMNS SHOULD BE MACHINE-MIXED AND VIBRATED. IN CASE OF
FAILURE OF EITHER ADDITIONAL 15% CEMENT SHOULD BE ADDED. IN CASE OF FAILURE OF
BOTH-the mixer and vibrator-CONCRETING OF COLUMNS BE STOPPED IMMEDIATELY.
3.05 AFTER CASTING ONE SHIFT OF COLUMN, ROUGHEN THE TOP SECTION WITH
WIRE-BRUSH,REMOVE THE LAITANCE AND EXPOSE THE COARSE AGGREGATES. IT IS GOOD
PRACTICE TO EMBED A FEW PICES OF 35-50 mm SIZE COARSE AGGREGATES WHICH MAY
PARTLY PROJECT OUT FOR GOOD BOND WITH THE NEXT SHIFT OF CONCRETE.
3.06 WHILE CASTING CONCRETE OVER THE PREVIOUS SHIFT, PLACE AN INITIAL LAYER OF
THICK CEMENT-SLURRY BEFORE PLACING REGULAR CONCRETE. ENSURE THAT THERE IS NO
LEAKAGE OF CEMENT SLURRY AT JUNCTION OF TWO SHIFTS. ALSO CHECK THAT THERE IS
NO SHIFT OF COLUMN SECTION & ENSURE PLUMB. A PART OF THE COLUMN IS CAST WITH
THE BEAM & SLAB. CENTERING OF THIS PART SHOULD ALSO BE IDENTICAL TO THE PART
BELOW. AVOID USING PIECES OF PLANKS AND JUNK IN FORMING SUCH COLUMN-CAPS.

SCHEDULE OF COVER : SCHEDULE OF DE-SHUTTERING :

MEMBER CLEAR COVER REMARKS S.N. STRUCTURAL ELEMENT TIME AFTER CONCRETING
(mm)
FOOTING 50 At Bottom & sides 1 SIDES OF BEAMS, COLUMNS & PARDIS 24 hours
COLUMNS 40 To Longitudinal Bars 2a BOTTOM OF SLABS UPTO 4.5m. SPAN 7 days
BEAMS 30 To Main Reinf. @ Top & Bot. 2b ABOVE 4.5m. SPAN 14 days
20 To Stirrups On Sides 3a BEAM-BOTTOMS : UP TO 6.0m.SPAN 14 days
SLAB 20 To Main Reinf. @ Top & Bot. 3b ABOVE 6.0m SPAN 21 days
4a BOTTOM OF CANTILEVER SLABS, 10 &
4b BOTTOM OF CANTILEVER BEAMS 21 days after

GENERAL NOTES