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Comparisonof multiphasemodels
MANY
structed
-" [
Por ...:
'J'hree.pbue,
ly coastructed
- + aa)+
different
to study
types
fluid-now
~men8onalsimulat.on
as the poeral-purpo8e
of raervoir
pbeDomeua.
simulaton
raervoir
are
caD be
frequent-
problem
C8-
A.k~ . . ~
... p.,- A.II:k.. It. (-
CIp. +,.-aa )
.
IOIver. .
~ JA.B. ~ ~ ~ ~
T1Uatype 01 model can be ... for makiIIcthe Iarp
( ,.--'-
reservoir studies, Cl'OI8 I8Ctioa studies,. pilot waterflood
ltudies-juat
occurs, except
about
tor
all
the
problems
~..ben
wbere
IDdividual
maltipbue
well
flow
prob-
+
A. II:kr.
a.. -~ + j~.. - Q, - QJI. - Q.a..
lema
Individual
must be atudied.
H: + -: + -;)]
vicinity 01 the well bore.
cateaories:
~
The impUdt
are a-raUY
p~icit
ct-~
aturatioa
III two
. v.:J~
) = v.n ~\ ( II. + s...1(+18->
] <48)
lDIutiaa.
(2) The aimul~ metbocI 01
~\ B. ~ II. oJ-.,at ~
The IOIutioa method
aimultaDeous can be brob8 into
or
.
more saturatioas as the UD1Inowa variable.
ID aae d1men8ioa,
tbe eqaliou to be 1DIwd' an:
(~ ~ .. II. B. JJ \a.'~+1 at
- 3 fA. It k.. az\l
: (:)(1)
~ l~ -;-+.,. ~'JJax-
~=v,
+s...
a<+1B1)
at
+
II.
l.,
(-+a. -+s...
as.. a<+R.IB.)
at ~
F01' water.
~
In theseforms. n+ 1 and D refer to the new and old time variables. To obtain tI8b equatlca. one must make use
ieYe1lrespectively.This is required for a coa8lswatex- 01 the ~latlcnship:
pansioa.Combining
Equations~. ~. and4c with E.-.
tiooa I, 2, and 3 rearranging term. I1i&btly, we obt8.ta: s. + s.. + S. =1
.. (8)
~ as.. ~
F~oil: -+-+-=0
-
a [(
TRo -
ap,.
+ p..-
1n )~
Ix - Q.. - Vr.S...
a<.lBu) ~
~
at at
at
-
preabl into EqaatkJ8 7. Tbe rilbt.-haDd 8d8 01 E....
= v~
(
-. ) -
B.. 'I
~'
at
(5) 7 DOWc:oatainl
~..
-at
aDd
~
at
~ as...
For water. Sol" for - in Equatiaa 5 aDd - ID Equatiaa 8 and
a [ ap.. ]
1na<.IB..) ~ ~
- TR.. (- + p.. -) ax - Q.. - V..s....
ax ax ~ at. lUb8tihl into Equation 7.
If W now define the. left-hand side of Equation 5 as
( ~ ~ (LHS), he left-hand aide of Equation 8 as LHS and
= V~'~ -= (8) the ~ft :1d side 01 Equation 7 as (LHS)_, we finally ab-
B.. 'I at lain.
=V~ -. ) -~
~(
B. 'I
, ., ) ,
~
-.R. -as.. -
B..'I
.
at B..
}
'I
-~.. ] (7)
~
~.. =...,
a(~ )
~(1lBo)
a(1JB..)
~
.. +- 8...
1
1 ~
~
-;
.
= fl." - + -- (10)
()p.. ~ B... ~
41
~
2. DERIVATION OF THE FLOW EQUATIONS
Many derivations of the oil, water, and gas fluid flow equations exist
in the literature, e.g. Crichlow (1977) and Peaceman (1977).
Consequently, only a brief discussion will be presented here.
Conservation of Mass
x -~'-\X
is defined as the rate of flow of mass per unit cross-sectional area
normal to the direction of flow, which is the x-direction in the present
case. By conservation of mass, we have the equality:
I f the block has length ~x, width ~y, and depth ~z, then we can ...,rite
the mass entering the block in a time interval ~t as
.r(J x )6y6z+(J
x . y ) y6x6z+(J) ~ z 6x6y]6t = Mass in (2.1)
Jx
Corresponding to mass entering is a term for mass exiting which has the
form
(2.2)
3
where we have added a source! sink term q ~1hich represents mass flow into
(source) or out of (sink) a well. A producer is represented by q >0.
and an inj ector by q < O.
[(e )t+llt - (C
p .
p)t]llXt,yt,Z (2.3)
(2.3)
Using Equations (2.1) through (2.3) i.n the mass conservation equality
gives
[(J )6y6z +
+ (J ) t:.xt:.z + (J) t:.x6y]6t
x x Y Y z z
- . (J ) . + , t:.xt:.z
. (J)
[(J X ) x + uX
A 6yAz
. y y uy Z Z+ uZ
,6x6y]6t qt>xt>yt>ztlt
= (C (2 . 4)
[(Cp)t+l:It- P) t ]6x6y6z
(Jz)z+~z - (Jz>z
q =
(Cp)t+~t - (Cp)t
(2.5)
6z. 6t
aJ ~J ac
x z -1?
q (2.6)
ax dZ at
The oil, water, and gas phases each satisfy a mass conservation equation
havi.ng the form of Equation (2.6).
~
i
The flow equations for an oil, water, and gas system are determined by
!
j specifying the fluxes and concentrations of the conservation equations
for each of the three phases; A flux in a given direction can be
written as the density of the fluid times its velocity in the given
direction. Letting the subscripts 0, w, and g denote oil, water, and
, gas,repectively, the fluxes become:
!
-+
, (J)
0
= P
osc
~
Vo
(2
.
7)
I
I
i Bo
-+ -+
i
(J)w = Pwsc v (2.8)
- w
Bw
-+
,
i (J) g = Pgsc -+ RsoPgsc -+ RswPgsc -+ (2.9)
v + v + B v
B g Bow
g 0 w
i
I
!
v
xo
= - Kx A0 a
ax
[ p,
0
P
- ~ gz ] *
I (2.10)
I
llf4g c
j
,
v XW = -
Kx Aw -axa P
[w -
0wI:'az ]
144
(2.11)
1
'I
gc
t
1
ill
v xg = - Kx Ag -a [gp - p ggz ]
(2.12)
ax 144
gc
2
where ~ is the acceleration of gravity in ft/sec , and g is 32.174
, c
ft/sec (BOAST assumes g =g ).
c