Malthusian Population Trap

The concept of the Malthusian Trap was proposed by Thomas

Robert Malthus in 1798. The Malthusian Trap or Malthusian Theory
argues that gains in food production lead to an increase in population,
which results in food shortages as the ever growing population takes
over land meant more crop production. The modern representation of the Malthusian
theory was developed by Qumarul Ashraf and Oded Galor.[8] Their theoretical structure suggests that
as long as: (i) higher income has a positive effect on reproductive success, and (ii) land is limited
factor of production, then technological progress has only a temporary effect in income per capita.
According to Malthus, after the population increase exceeds food
supplies, the result is a crisis.
MICROECONOMIC HOUSEHOLD THEORY OF FERTILITY
ADDITIONAL CHILDREN “INVESTMENT GOOD” | FIRST 2 OR 3 CHILDREN AS “CONSUMER GOODS”
YOUTH DEPENDENCY RATIO

youth dependency ratio - The youth dependency ratio is the ratio of the youth population
(ages 0-14) per 100 people of working age (ages 15-64). A high youth dependency ratio
indicates that a greater investment needs to be made in schooling and other services for
children. This demographic indicator gives insight into the number of people of
non-working age, compared with the number of those of working age. It is also
used to understand the relative economic burden of the workforce, and has
ramifications for taxation. The ratio describes how much pressure an economy
faces in supporting its non-productive population.

CHILD LABOR
The term “child labour” is often defined as work that deprives children of their childhood,
their potential and their dignity, and that is harmful to physical and mental development. It
refers to work that:

 is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful to children; and/or

 interferes with their schooling by: depriving them of the opportunity to attend
school; obliging them to leave school prematurely; or requiring them to attempt to
combine school attendance with excessively long and heavy work.