MSC Scheme of Studies (From 2016 New)

Scheme of Studies
M .Sc Mathematics
Total Semesters = 4
Duration of Each Semester = 18 Weeks
Cumulative Credits of M Sc (4 Semesters) = 68
COMPULSORY COURSES
SEMESTER-I
No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours
1 MATH-501 Real Analysis-I 3
2 MATH-503 Abstract Algebra 3
3 MATH-505 Topology 3
4 MATH-507 Vector & Tensor Analysis 3
5 MATH-509 Set Theory and ODEs 3
6 MATH-511 Introduction to Computers and its Applications 2+1
Total 18
SEMESTER-II
1 MATH-502 Real Analysis-II 3
2 MATH-504 Linear Algebra 3
3 MATH-506 Functional Analysis 3
4 MATH-508 Mechanics 3
5 MATH-510 Complex Analysis 3
6 MATH-512 Computer Programming with C++ 2+1
Total 18
SEMESTER-III
1 MATH-601 Differential Geometry 3
2 MATH-603 Partial Differential Equations 3
3 MATH-605 Numerical Analysis-I 3
Elective Courses
Pure Group Applied Group
Course Course
No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours No Cr. Hours
Code Title
MATH- Elective-
1 MATH- XXX Elective-I* 3 1 3
XXX I**
MATH- Elective-
2 MATH- XXX Elective-II* 3 2 3
XXX II**
Computational Group

1 MATH- XXX Elective-I*** 3
2 MATH- XXX Elective-II*** 3
Total 15
SEMESTER-IV
1 MATH-602 Probability Theory 3
2 MATH-604 Integral Equations 3
3 MATH-606 Numerical Analysis-II 3
4 MATH-608 History of Mathematics 2

Elective Courses
Pure Group Applied Group
Course Course
No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours No Cr. Hours
Code Title
MATH-
1 MATH-XXX Elective-I* 3 1 Elective-I** 3
XXX
MATH- Elective-
2 MATH-XXX Elective-II* 3 2 3
XXX II**
Computational Group

1 MATH-XXX Elective-I*** 3
2 MATH-XXX Elective-II*** 3
Total 17
Common Elective Courses
1 MATH-610 Special Functions 3
2 MATH-611 Computer Programming with Fortran 2+1
3 MATH-612 Advanced Programming for Scientific Computing 2+1

List A
Courses of Pure Mathematics

1 MATH-613 Analytic Number Theory 3
2 MATH-614 Algebraic Number Theory 3
3 MATH-615 Advanced Group Theory –I 3
4 MATH-616 Advanced Group Theory –II 3
5 MATH-617 Algebraic Topology-I 3
6 MATH-618 Algebraic Topology-II 3
7 MATH-619 Category Theory –I 3
8 MATH-620 Category Theory –II 3
9 MATH-621 Rings and Fields 3
10 MATH-622 Theory of Modules 3
11 MATH-623 Lie Algebra 3
12 MATH-624 Advanced Functional Analysis 3
13 MATH-625 Galois Theory 3
14 MATH-627 Measure Theory 3

List B
Courses of Applied Mathematics
1 MATH-629 Fluid Mechanics-I 3
2 MATH-630 Fluid Mechanics-II 3
3 MATH-631 Quantum Mechanics-I 3
4 MATH-632 Quantum Mechanics-II 3
5 MATH-633 Electromagnetic Theory –I 3

MATH-634 Electromagnetic Theory –II 3
6
7 MATH-635 Special Relativity 3
8 MATH-636 Elasticity Theory 3
9 MATH-637 Analytical Dynamics 3
10 MATH-639 Astronomy-I 3
11 MATH-640 Astronomy-II 3
List C
Courses of Computational Mathematics
1 MATH-641 Operations Research-I 3
2 MATH-642 Operations Research-II 3
3 MATH-643 Methods of Optimization-I 3
4 MATH-644 Methods of Optimization-II 3
5 MATH-645 Theory of Splines-I 3
6 MATH-646 Theory of Splines-II 3
7 MATH-647 Graph Theory 3
8 MATH-648 Theory of Automata 3
9 MATH-649 Control Theory 3
10 MATH-650 Applied Matrix Theory 3
11 MATH-651 Finite Element Analysis 3
* These courses are optional and can be selected from list A or common electives.
** These courses are optional and can be selected from list B or common electives.
*** These courses are optional and can be selected from list C or common electives.
Course Contents for M.Sc Mathematics

Course contents for M. Sc mathematics are given below semester wise.
SEMESTER-I
Course Title: Real Analysis-I
Course Code: MATH-501
Credit Hours: 3
Objectives of the course:
This is the first course in analysis. It develops the fundamental ideas of analysis and is
aimed at developing the students’ ability in reading and writing mathematical proofs.
Another objective is to provide sound understanding of the axiomatic foundations of the
real number system, in particular the notions of completeness and compactness.
Course Contents:
Number Systems: Ordered fields, rational, real and complex numbers, Archimedean
property, supremum, infimum and completeness. Topology of real numbers:
Convergence, completeness, completion of real numbers, open sets, closed sets,
compact sets, Heine Borel theorem, connected sets. Sequences and Series of Real
Numbers: Limits of sequences, algebra of limits. Bolzano Weierstrass theorem, Cauchy
sequences, liminf, limsup, limits of series, convergences tests, absolute and conditional
convergence, power series. Continuity: Functions, continuity and compactness, existence
of minimizers and maximizers, uniform continuity, continuity and connectedness,
intermediate mean value theorem, monotone functions and discontinuities.
Differentiation: Mean value theorem, L’Hopital’s Rule, Taylor’s theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. Walter Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Ed, 1976.
2.T.M. Apostal, Mathematical Analysis, Addison Wesley, 1957.
3.W.Kaplan, Advanced calculus, Addison Wesley, 2002.
4. R.L. Rabenstein, Elements of Ordinary differential equations, Academic Press,
1984.
5. Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, Wiley,
3rd Ed, 1999.
6. Halsey Royden, Real Analysis, 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall, 1988.
7. H.L. Royden, Real Analysis, 3rd Ed, 1989.
8. S. Lang, Analysis I, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, Massachusetts, 1968.
9. G. M. Habibullah, Real Analysis, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, Pakistan, 2002.
10. A. Kumar, S. Kumaresan, A Basic Courese in Real Analysis, CRC Press, 2014.
Course Title: Abstract Algebra
Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Cyclic groups, Cosets decomposition of a group, Lagrange’s theorem and its
consequences, Conjugacy classes, Centralizers and Normalizers, Normal Subgroups,
Homomorphism of groups, Cayley’s theorem, Quotient groups, Fundamental theorem of
homomorphism, isomorphism theorems, Endomorphism and automorphisms of groups,
Commutator subgroups, Permutation groups, p-Subgroups, Sylow Theorems,Definition
and examples of Rings, Special classes of rings, Fields, Ideals, Ring homomorphism.
Recommended Books:
1. J.J.Rottman, The Theory of Groups: An Introduction, Allyn & Bacon, Boston,
1965.
2. J.Rose, A Course on Group Theory, C.U.P. 1978.
3. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, 2nd Ed, Wiley, 1975.
4. I.D. MacDonald, The Theory of Groups, Oxford University Press, 1968.
5. Paul M. Cohn, Basic Algebra, Springer, 2002.
6. D.Burton, Abstract and Linear Algebra, Addison-Wesley publishing Co. 1972.
7. P.B. Battacharya, S.K.Jain and S.R.Nagpaul, Basic abstract Algebra, C.U.P.
1995.
8. N. Jacobson, Basic Algebra, Vol. l & II, WH Freeman NY, 1989.
9. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra, Houghton Mifflin College
Div, 6 Student Ed, 2004.
Course Title: Topology

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Topological spaces, bases and sub-bases, first and second axiom of countability,
separability, continuous functions and homeomorphism, finite product space.
Separation axioms (T0, T1, T2), Techonoff space, Regular spaces, completely regular
spaces, normal spaces, compact spaces, connected spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. Sheldon W. D., 2005. Topology. 1st ed. NY: McGraw Hill.
2. Lipschutz S. 1968. General Topology, Schaum’s outline series. NY:McGraw Hill.
3. Munkers J.R., 2006.Topology. 2nd ed. NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
4.Simon G.F. 1963.Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis. 1 st ed. NY:
McGraw Hill.
5. J. Willard,1970. General Topology. 1st ed. NY:Addison-Wesley.
6. Armstrong M.A., 1979. Basic Topology. 1st ed. NY: McGraw Hill.
Course Title: Vector and Tensor Analysis

Credit Hours: 3
This course shall assume background in calculus. It covers basic principles of vector
analysis, which are used in mechanics
Course Contents:
Vector Analysis: Gradient, divergence and curl of point functions, expansion formulae,
curvilinear coordinates, line, surface and volume integrals, Gauss’s, Green’s and Stoke’s
theorems.
Cartesian Tensors: Summation convention, proper and improper transformation,
transformation equations, orthogonally conditions, Kronecker tensor and Levi-civita
tensor, tensors of different ranks, inner and outer products, contraction, quotient
theorems, symmetric and anti symmetric tensors, Application to Vector Analysis.
Recommended Books:
1. M.R. Spiegel, Vector and an Introduction to Tensor Analysis, Mcgraw Hill Book
company, 2009.
2. F. Chorlton, vector and Tensor Methods, Eills Horwood Publisher, Chichester,
U.K. 1977.
3. Dr. Nawazish Ali Shah, Vector and Tenser Analysis, 4th Ed, 2005.
4. E.C. Young, Vector and Tensor Analysis, Mareel Dekker, Inc, 1993.
Course Title: Set Theory and ODEs

Credit Hours: 3
Set Theory: Equivalent sets, countable and uncountable sets, the concept of cardinal
numbers, addition and multiplication of cardinals, Cartesian product as sets of functions,
addition and multiplication of ordinals, partially ordered sets, axiom of choice,
Special Functions: The Gamma function , The Beta Function Hyper geometric, Solution
in series of Bessel differential equation, recurrence formulas for Jn (x), series solution of
legendre differential equation, rodrigues formula for polynomial Pn (x), Generating
function for Pn (x), recurrence relations and the orthogonality of Pn (x) functions.
Recommended Books:
1. Kezysztof C, Set Theory for Working Mathematician, 1st Ed. Cambridge University
Press. 1997.
2. Felix Hausdorff, Set Theory, 1st Ed. AMS Chelsea Publishing. 2005.
3. Patrick Suppes, Axiomatic Set Theory, Dover Publications, Inc, New York. 1972.
4. P.R.Halmos, Naïve Set Theory, Springer. 1998.
5. Nico M. Temme, Special Functions: An Introduction to the Classical Functions of
Mathematical Physics. 1st Ed. Wiley-Interscience. 1995.
6. Z.X. Wang, D.R. Guo, Special Functions. 1st Ed. World Scientific Pub. Co. inc.
1989.
Course Title: Introduction to Computers and its Applications

Credit Hours: 3
Fundamental Concepts of Computer Systems: Basic Computer Organization, Number
Systems and codes, Processor and Memory, Secondary Storages, Input(output) Units,
Computer Softwares, Internet Basic, History and Classification of Computers, Practically
using Windows, practically using Software Packages (MS Word and MS Excel),
Practically using some Computer Algebra System CAS (Matlab/Maple etc).
Recommended Books:
1. P.K Sinha, Computer Fundamentals, 3rd Ed. SAMS Publications for MS Windows
and MS Office, 2004.
2. Gilate, A., MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons
Inc. 2004.
3. Amos Gilat, MATLAB: An Introduction with Applications - Paperback (Jan 2,
2008).
4. Robert Lafore, The Waite Group's C Programming Using Turbo C++/Book and
Disk (The Waite Group), (Paperback - Oct 1993)
5. Shan Sun Kuo, Computer Applications of Numerical Methods, (Hardcover - Jun
1972)
SEMESTER-II
Course Title: Real Analysis II

Credit Hours: 3
A continuation of Real Analysis I, this course will continue to cover the fundamentals of
real analysis, concentrating on the Riemann-Stieltjes integrals, Functions of Bounded
Variation, Improper Integrals, and convergence of series. Emphasis would be on proofs
of main results.
Course Contents:
The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals, properties of
integrals, Real Valued Functions of Several Variables: Continuous real valued functions,
Partial derivatives and differentials, Geometric interpretation of differentiability, Chain
rule, Taylor’s theorem. Maxima and Minima, Vector Valued Functions of Several
Variables Linear transformations and matrices, Continuous and differentiable
transformations, Chain rule for transformations, Inverse function theorem, Implicit
function theorem, Jacobians, Method of Lagrange multipliers. Functions of Bounded
Variation: Definition and examples, properties of functions of bounded variation. Improper
Integrals:Types of improper integrals, tests for convergence of improper integrals,
absolute and conditional convergence of improper integrals. Sequences and Series of
Functions: Power series, definition of point-wise and uniform convergence, uniform
convergence and continuity, uniform convergence and differentiation, examples of
uniform convergence.
Recommended Books:
1. Walter Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Ed. 1976.
2. T.M. Apostal, Mathematical Analysis, 2nd Ed. Addison Wesley, 1974.
3. W.Kaplan, Advanced calculus, 5th Ed. Addison Wesley, 2002.
4. R.L. Rabenstein, Elements of Ordinary differential equations, Academic Press,
1984.
5. Robert G. Bartle and Donald R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, 3rd
Ed. 1999.
6. Walter Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, 3rd Ed. McGraw-Hill Inc.
1976.
Course Title: Linear Algebra

Credit Hours: 3
Subspaces, Bases, Dimension of a vector space, Quotient space, Change of bases,
Linear Transformation and matrices, Inner Product Spaces and Orthognality, Orthogonal
subspaces, Rank and Nullity of linear transformation, Eigen values and Eigen vectors,
Characteristic equation, Similar matrices, Diagonalization of matrices, Orthogonal and
Orthonormal sets, Gramm Schmidt process of orthognalizations, Characteristic equation,
Dual spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. I.N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Xerox Publishing Company, 1975.
2. Dr. Malik, J.N. Mordeson, M.R. Sen, Fundamental of Abstract Algebra,
McGraw Hill companies, Inc. 1987.
3. P.M. Cohn, Algebra, Vol.I, London: John Wiley, 1989.
4. D. Burton, Abstract and Linear Algebra, Addison-Wesley publishing Co. 1986.
5. N. Jacobson, Basic Algebra, Vol.II Freeman, 1989.
6. Dr. Karamat Hussain, Linear Algebra, 1st edition, 2007.
Course Title: Functional Analysis

Credit Hours: 3
This course extends methods of linear algebra and analysis to spaces of functions, in
which the interaction between algebra and analysis allows powerful methods to be
developed. The course will be mathematically sophisticated and will use ideas both from
linear algebra and analysis.
Course Contents:
Metric Spaces: Convergence, Cauchy’s sequences and examples, Completeness of
metric space, completeness proofs. Banach Spaces: Normed linear Spaces, Banach
Spaces, Quotient Spaces, Continuous and bounded linear operators, Linear functional,
Linear operator and functional on finite dimensional Spaces. Hilbert Spaces: Inner
product Spaces, Hilbert Spaces (definitions and examples), conjugate spaces,
representation of linear functional on Hilbert space, reflexive spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. E. Kreyszig, Introduction to Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley
and sons, 1989.
2. N. Dunford and J.T. Schwartz, Linear Operators (part-1 General theory),
Interscience publishers, New York, 1958.
3. Seymour Lipschutz, Outline of General Topology, 2011.
Course Title: Mechanics

Credit Hours: 3
Objectives of course: To provide solid understanding ofclassical mechanics and enable
the students to use thisunderstanding while studying courses on quantum
mechanics,statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, fluid dynamics, and astrodynamics.
Course Outline:
General introduction. Projectile motion with air resistance. Applications of the principle of
conservation of energy. Centre of mass of a system of particles, linear momentum,
angular momentum and K.E. with respect to the centre of mass. Motion of a rigidbody,
translation and rotation, linear and angular velocity of a rigid body about a fixed
axis,moments and products of inertia. Parallel and perpendicular axistheorems.General
motion ofrigid bodies in space. Angular momentum and moment of inertia.Principal axes
and principal moments of inertia. Determination ofprincipal axes by diagonalizing the
inertia matrix.Equimomental systems.Rotating axes theorem. Euler’s dynamical
equations. Free rotation of arigid body with three different principal moments of
inertia,torque free motion of a symmetrical top.Eulerian angles and rigid body motion.
Orbital motion.
Recommended Books:
1.DiBenedettoE, (2011) Classical Mechanics. Theory and Mathematical
Modeling,Birkhauser Boston.
2. John R. Taylor,(2005)Classical Mechanics, University of Colorado.
3. Goldstein H, (1980) Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley PublishingCo.
4. SpiegelM. R,(2004)Theoretical Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley
Publishing Company.
5. FowlesG. R. and CassidayG. L,(2005)Analytical Mechanics, 7thedition,
Thomson Brooks/COLE, USA,
6. Richard Fitzpatrick,(2006) Classical Mechanics.The University of Texas at
Austin.
7. K. Sankara Rao, (2005) Classical Mechanics.New Delhi-11001
8. Mir K.L. (2007) Theoretical Mechanics:IlmiKetabKhana. Lahore.
Complex Analysis
Prerequisite(s): Calculus-II
Credit Hours: 3+0
This is an introductory course in complex analysis, giving the basics of the theory along
with applications, with an emphasis on applications of complex analysis and especially
conformal mappings. Students should have a background in real analysis (as in the
course Real Analysis I), including the ability to write a simple proof in an analysis context.
Course Contents:
Introduction: The algebra of complex numbers, Geometric representation of complex
numbers, Powers and roots of complex numbers. Functions of Complex Variables:
Definition, limit and continuity, Branches of functions, Differentiable and analytic
functions. The
Cauchy-Riemann equations, Entire functions, Harmonic functions, Elementary functions:
The exponential, Trigonometric, Hyperbolic,Logarithmic and Inverse elementary
functions, Open mapping theorem. Maximum modulus theorem. Complex Integrals:
Contours and contour integrals, Cauchy-Goursat theorem, Cauchy integral formula,
Lioville’s theorem, Morerea’s
theorem. Series: Power series, Radius of convergence and analyticity, Taylor’s
and Laurent’s series, Integration and differentiation of power series. Singularities, Poles
and residues: Zero, singularities, Poles and Residues, Types of singular points, Calculus
of residues, contour integration, Cauchy’s residue theorem with applications. Mobius
transforms, Conformal mappings and transformations.
Recommended Books:
1. R. V. Churchill, J. W. Brown, Complex Variables and Applications ,5th edition,
McGraw Hill, New York, 1989.
2. J. H. Mathews and R. W. Howell, Complex Analysis for Mathematics and
Engineering, 2006.
3. S. Lang, Complex Analysis, Springer-Verlag, 1999. 44. R. Remmert, Theory of
Complex
Functions, Springer-Verlag, 1991.
5. W. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1987.
Course Title: Computer Programming with C++

Credit Hours: 3
The purpose of this course is to introduce students to operating systems and
environments
Course Contents:
Introduction to operating systems, C language, building blocks, variables, input/output,
loops (FOR, WHILE, DO), decisions (IF, IF ELSE, ELSE IF) construct switch statement,
conditional statement, function hat returns a value using argument to pass data to another
function, external variable, arrays and strings, pointers, structure, files and introduction to
C++
Recommended Books:
1. Aho A.V. , Ulman J.D., 1995. Foundation of Computer Science. 1 st ed. NY:
Computer Science Press, WH Freeman.
2. Hein J.L., 1996. Theory of Computation: An Introduction. 1 st ed. Boston: Jones
and Bartlett.
Semester III
Course Title: Differential Geometry
Credit Hours: 3
The course provides a foundation to solve partial differential equations with special
emphasis on wave, heat and laplace equations. Formulation and some theory of these
equations are also intended.
Course Contents:
Space Curves: Arc length, Tangent, Normal and Binormal, Curvature and Torsion of a
Curve, Tangent Surface, Spherical Indicatrix, Involutes and Evolutes, Envelopes,
Existence Theorem for a Space Curve, Helices, Curves on Surfaces, Surfaces of
Revolution, Helicoids, Families of Curves, Developable associated with Space Curves,
Developable associated with Curves on Surfaces, The First and Second Fundamental
form, Principle Curvatures, Lines of Curvature, Geodesics.
Recommended Books:
1. R.S. Millman and G.D. Parker, Elements of Differential Geometry, Prentice
Hall, 1977.
2. T.J. Wilmore, An Introduction to Differential Geometry, Oxford Calarendon
Press, 1959.
3. C.E. Weatherburn, Differential Geometry, Cambridge University Press, 1955.
4. A. Pressley, Elementary Differential Geometry, Springer Verlag. 2001.
5. D. Somasundaran, Differential Geometry, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi,
2005.
Course Title: Partial Differential Equations

Credit Hours: 3+0
Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are at the heart of applied mathematics and many
other scientific disciplines. The course aims at developing understanding about
fundamental concepts of PDEs theory, identification and classification of their different
types, how they arise in applications, and analytical methods for solving them. Special
emphasis would be on wave, heat and Laplace equations.
Course Contents:
First order PDEs: Introduction, formation of PDEs, solutions of PDEs of first order, The
Cauchy’s problem for quasilinear first order PDEs, First order nonlinear equations,
Special types of first order equations Second order PDEs: Basic concepts and
definitions, Mathematical problems, Linear operators, Superposition, Mathematical
models: The classical equations, the vibrating string, the vibrating membrane,
conduction of heat solids, canonical forms and variable, PDEs of second order in two
independent variables with constant and variable coefficients, Cauchy’s problem for
second order PDEs in two
independent variables .Methods of separation of variables: Solutions of elliptic,
parabolic
and hyperbolic PDEs in Cartesian and cylindrical coordinates .Laplace transform:
Introduction and properties of Laplace transform, transforms of elementary functions,
periodic functions, error function and Dirac delta function, inverse Laplace transform,
convolution
theorem, solution of PDEs by Laplace transform, Diffusion and wave equations.
Fourier transforms: Fourier integral representation, Fourier sine and cosine
representation, Fourier transform pair, transform of elementary functions and Dirac delta
function, finite Fourier transforms, solutions of heat, wave and Laplace equations by
Fourier transforms.
Recommended Books:
1. Humi M, Miller W.B; Boundary Value Problems and Partial Differential
Equations. PWS-
KENT Publishing Company, 1991.
2. Myint UT, Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers, 3rdedition,
North
Holland, Amsterdam, 1987.
3. Dennis G. Zill, Michael R. Cullen, Differential equations with boundary value
problems, Brooks Cole, 2008.
4. John Polking, Al Boggess, Differential Equations with Boundary Value
Problems, 2nd Edition, Pearson,July 28,
2005.
5. J. Wloka, Partial Differential Equations, Cambridge University
press, 1987.
Course Title: Numerical Analysis-I

Credit Hours: 3
This course is designed to teach the students about numerical methods and their
theoretical bases. The course aims at inculcating in the students the skill to apply various
techniques in numerical analysis, understand and do calculations about errors that can
occur in numerical methods and understand and be able to use the basics of matrix
analysis. It is optimal to verifying numerical methods by using computer programming
(MatLab, Maple, C++, etc)
Course Contents:
Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors. Methods for the
solution of nonlinear equations: Bisection method, regula-falsi method, fixed point
iteration method, Newton-Raphson method, secant method, error analysis for iterative
methods. Interpolation and polynomial approximation: Forward, backward and centered
difference formulae, Lagrange interpolation, Newton’s divided difference formula,
Interpolation with a cubic spline, Hermite interpolation, least squares approximation.
Numerical differentiation and Integration: Forward, backward and central difference
formulae, Richardson’s extrapolation, Newton-Cotes formulae, Numerical integration:
Rectangular rule, trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s 1/3 and 3/8 rules, Boole’s and Weddle’s
rules, Gaussian quadrature. Numerical solution of a system of linear equations: Direct
methods: Gaussian elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method; matrix inversion; LU-
factorization; Doolittle’s, Crout’s and Cholesky’s methods, Iterative methods: Jacobi,
Gauss-Seidel and SOR. Eigenvalues problems: Introduction, Power Method, Jaccobi's
Method. The use of software packages/ programming languages for above mentioned
topics is recommended.
Recommended Books:
1. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson
Education,
Singapore, 2005.
2. R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires: Numerical Analysis, latest edition, PWS Pub. Co.
3. J.H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics, latest Edition, Prentice Hall
International.
4. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Canale: Numerical Methods for Engineers, 6th edition,
McGraw Hill.
5. Sankara K. 2005. Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers. 2nd ed. New
Delhi: Prentice Hall.
SEMESTER-IV
Probability Theory
Prerequisite(s): None
Credit Hours: 3+0
A prime objective of the course is to introduce the students to the fundamentals of
probability theory and present techniques and basic results of the theory and illustrate
these concepts with applications. This course will also present the basic principles of
random variables and random processes needed in 24 applications.
Course Contents:
Finite probability spaces: Basic concept, probability and related frequency, combination
of events, examples, independence, random variables, expected value, standard
deviation and Chebyshev's inequality, independence of random variables, multiplicatively
of the expected value, additivity of the variance, discrete probability
distribution.Probability as a continuous set function: Sigma-algebras, examples,
continuous random variables, expectation and variance, normal random variables and
continuous probability distribution.
Applications: De Moivre-Laplace limit theorem, weak and strong law of large numbers,
the central limit theorem, Markov chains and continuous Markov process.
Recommended Books:
1. M. Capinski, E. Kopp, Measure, Integral and Probability, Springer-Verlag, 1998.
2. R. M. Dudley, Real Analysis and Probability, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
3. S. I. Resnick, A Probability Path, Birkhauser, 1999.
4. S. Ross, A first Course in Probability Theory, 5th ed., Prentice Hall, 1998.
5. Robert B. Ash, Basic Probability Theory, Dover. B, 2008.
6. Chaudhry, S.M. and Kamal, S. (2008), Introduction to Statistical Theory, Part I,
II, 8th ed, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore, Pakistan.
Course Title: Integral Equations

Credit Hours: 3+0
Many physical problems that are usually solved by differential equation methods can be
solved more effectively by integral equation methods. This course will help students gain
insight into the application of advanced mathematics and guide them through derivation
of appropriate integral equations governing thebehavior of several standard physical
problems.
Course Contents:
Linear integral equations of the first kind, Linear integral equations of the second kind.
Relationship between differential equation and Volterra integral equation. Neumann
series. Fredholm Integral equation of the second kind with separable Kernels.
Eigenvalues and
eigenvectors. Iterated functions. Quadrature methods. Least square methods.
Homogeneous integral equations of the second kind. Fredholm integral equations of the
first kind. Fredholm integral equations of the second kind. Abel’s integral equations.
Hilbert Schmidt theory of integral equations with symmetric Kernels. Regularization and
filtering techniques.
Recommended Books:
1.A. J. Jerri; Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications second edition.
Sampling Publishing, 2007.
2 .W. V. Lovitt, Linear Integral Equations, Dover Publications, 2005
3. C. T. H. Baker, Integral Equations, Clarendon Press, 1977.
4. F. Smithies, Integral Equations, Cambridge University Press, 1989.
5. A. M. Wazwaz, A first Course in Integral Equations, World Scientific Pub., 1989.
Course Title: Numerical Analysis II

Credit Hours: 3
This course is designed to teach the students about numerical methods and their
theoretical bases. The students are expected to know computer programming to be able
to write program for each numerical method. Knowledge of calculus and linear algebra
would help in learning these methods
Course Contents:
Difference and Differential Equation: Formulation of difference equations, solution of
linear (homogeneous and inhomogeneous) difference equations with constant
coefficients. The Euler and modified Euler method, Runge-Kutta methods and predictor-
corrector type methods for solving initial value problems along with convergence and
instability criteria. Finite difference, collocation and variational method for boundary value
problems.
Books Recommended:
1. C.Gerald, Applied Numerical Analysis, Addison-Wesley publishing company,
1984.
2. A.Balfour & W.T.Beveridge, Basic Numerical Analysis with FORTARAN,
Heinmann Educational Books Ltd. 1977.
3. Shan and Kuo, Computer Applications of Numerical Methods, Addison-Wesley,
National Book Foundation, Islamabad.
Course Title: History of Mathematics
Credit Hours: 2
History of Numerations: Egyptian, Babylonian, Hindu and Arabic contributions. Algebra:
Including the contributions of Al-Khwarzmi and Ibn Kura.
Geometry: the areas, the work of Al-Toussi on Euclud’s axioms, Analysis.
The Calculus: Newton, Leibniz and Gauss, The concept of limit, Laplace.
Recommended Books:
1. C.B. BOYER AND U.V. MERSBACH, The history of mathematics, 2nd Ed. John
Wiley.
2. David M. Burton, The History of Mathematics: An Introduction, 7th Ed. McGraw-
Hill, 2010.
Common Elective Courses
Course Title: Special Functions

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
The Gamma function: The Weierstrass gamma function, Euler integral representation of
gamma function, relations satisfied by gamma function, Euler’s constant, the order
symbols o and O, properties of gamma function. Beta function: Definition, integral
representation of beta function, relation between gamma and beta functions, properties
of beta function, Legendre’s duplication formula, Gauss’ multiplication theorem.
Hypergeometric function : Hypergeometric series, the functions F(a,b;c;z) and F(a,b;c;I),
integral representation of hypergeometric function, the hypergeometric differential
equation, the contiguous relations, simple transformations, a theorem due to Kummer.
Confluent Hypergeometric Function: Confluent hypergeometric series, integral
representation of confluent hypergeometric function, the confluent hypergeometric
differential equation, Kummer’s first formula.
Orthogonal polynomials: Simple sets of polynomials, orthogonality, the three term
recurrence relation, the Christofell-Darboux formula, normalization, Bessel’s inequality,
generating functions, differential equations, recurrence relations
.
Recommended Books:
1. Rainville, E.D., 1971. Special Functions. 2nd ed. Chelsea Publishing Co.
2. Lebedev, N.N., 1972. Special Functions and their Applications. 2nd ed. Prentice
Hall,
3. Whittaker & Watson, 1978. A Course in Modern analysis. 2nd ed. Cambridge,
University Press.
Course Title: Computer Programming with Fortran

Credit Hours: 3
Bisection method, Regula Falsi Method, Newton-Raphson method for solving non-linear
equations. Gaussian elimination with different pivoting strategies, Jacobi and Gauss-
Seidal Iterative methods for systems of simultaneous linear equations. Trapezoidal rule,
Simpson’s rule and Gaussian method of numerical integration. Modified and improved
Euler’s methods, predictor corrector methods for finding the numerical solution of IVP’s
involving ODE’S.
Note: Practical examination will be of two hours duration in which one or more
computational projects will be examined.
Recommended Books:
1. M.L Abell and J.P. Braselton, Mathematica hand book, New York, 1992
T.J. Akai, Applied Numerical Methods, j. Willey, 1994
2. J. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Computer Science, Engineering and

Mathematics, Printice Hall, 1987.
Course Title: Advanced Programming for Scientific Computing
Credit Hours: 3
Introduction to Object Oriented Programming (OOP), Using OOP Features: Overloading
Overriding Inheritance Polymorphism, Writing Programs for Numerical Methods Mixed
Programming with FORTRAN/C++/Matlab.
Recommended Books:
1. Deitel, H.M. and Deitel, P.J., C++ How to Program, 5th Ed. Deitel Associates,
2007.
2. Chapenman, S.J., FORTRAN 90/95 for Scienctists and Engineers, 2 nd Ed.
McGraw Hill. Co.
3. Press, W.H. Numerical Recips in FORTRAN 2nd Edition, Cambridge
University Press. 1989.
4. Gilate, A. Matlab and Introduction with Applications, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
2008.
COURSES OF PURE MATHEMATICS
Course Title: Analytic Number Theory

Credit Hours: 3
Divisibility, Euclid’s theorem, Congruences, Elementary properties, Residue classes and
Euler’s function. Linear congruence and congruence of higher degree, Congruences with
prime moduli, The theorems of Fermat, Euler and Wilson., Primitive roots and indices,
Integers belonging to a given exponent, composite moduli Indices, Quadratic Residues,
Composite moduli, Legendre symbol, Law of quadratic reciprocity, the Jacobi symbol,
Number-Theoretic Functions, Mobius function, the function [x], Diophantine Equations,
Equations and Fermat’s conjecture for n = 2, n = 4.
Recommended Books:
1. W.J. Leveque, Topics in Number Theory, Vols.I Addison-Wesley publishing
company. 1956.
2. H. Griffin, Elementary Theory of Numbers, Mc Graw Hill Companies,
Inc, New York. 1970.
3. William J. LeVeque, Topics in Number Theory, Volumes I and II, (Paperback -
Nov 7, 2002)
Course Title: Algebraic Number Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Review of polynomials, irreducible polynomials, Algebraic numbers and integers, Units
and Primes in R [v] ideals. Arithmetic of ideals congruencies, the norm of an ideal. Prime
ideals, Units of algebraic number field.
Application to Rational Number Theory: Equivalence and class number, Cyclotomic field
Kp, Fermat’s equation, Kummer’s theorem, The equation x 2 + 2 =y3, pure cubic
fields, Distribution of primes and Riemann’s zeta function.
Books Recommended:
1. W.J. Leveque, Topics in Number Theory, Vols. II, Addison-Wesley publishing
company, 1956.
2. I.N. Stewart and D.O. Tall Algebraic Number Theory, 2nd Ed. Chapman and
Hall/CRC Press, 1987.
3. William J. LeVeque, Topics in Number Theory, Volumes I and II, 2002.
Course Title: Advanced Group Theory-I

Credit Hours: 3
Group of automorphisms, direct products and normal products of groups, holomorph of a
group, characteristic and fully invariant subgroups, cyclic permutations and orbits, the
alternating groups, generators of symmetric and alternating groups, permutation groups,
Simple groups, simplicity of An , n  5 , series in groups, the stabilizer subgroups,
Zassenhau’s Lemma, normal series and their refinements, composition series, principal
or chief series, finitely generated abelian groups, double Cosets, Sylow’s theorems,
applications of Sylow Theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. Rottman J.J., 1965.The Theory of Groups: An Introduction. 1st ed. Boston :Allyn
&
Bacon,
2. MacDonald I., 1968. The Theory of Groups. 1st ed. Oxford University Press.
3. Cohn P.M., 1974.Algebra, Vol.I, London: John Wiley.
4. Burton D., 1972.Abstract and Linear Algebra. 1st ed. Addison-Wesley.
5. Battacharya P.B., Jain S.K. and Nagpaul S.R., 1994. Basic abstract Algebra. 2 nd
ed. C.U.P.
Course Title: Advanced Group Theory-II

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Solvable groups definition and examples, theorems on solvable groups, nilpotent groups,
characterization of finite nilpotent groups, upper and lower central series, the Frattini
subgroups, free groups, basic theorems, definition and examples of free products of
groups, linear groups, types of linear groups, representation of linear groups, group
algebras and representation modules.
Recommended Books:
1. MacDonald I., 1968. The Theory of Groups. 1st ed. Oxford University Press.
2. Cohn P.M., 1974.Algebra, Vol.I, London: John Wiley.
3. Burton D., 1972.Abstract and Linear Algebra. 1st ed. Addison-Wesley.
4. Battacharya P.B., Jain S.K. and Nagpaul S.R., 1994. Basic abstract Algebra. 2nd
ed. C.U.P.
5. Jacobson .N.,1989. Basic Algebra, Vol.II. 2nd ed. Freeman.
Course Title: Algebraic Topology-I

Credit Hours: 3
Homotopy theory, Homotopy theory of path and maps, Fundamental group of circle,
Covering spaces, Lifting criterion, Loop spaces and higher homotopy group.
Homotopy Theory: Affin spaces, Singular theory, Chain complexes, Homotopy invariance
of homology, Relation between n, and H,relative homology The exact homology
sequence.
Books Recommended:
1. Kosniowski C.A First course in algebraic Topology, C.U.P. 1980.
2. Greenberg M.J & Harper,J.R,Algebraic Topology, A First Course, The Bonjan
Cunning Pub. Co.
3. Croom F.H., Basic Concept of algebraic theory, Spinger-Verlag, New York,
1978.
Course Title: Algebraic Topology-II

Credit Hours: 3
Relative homology, The exact homology sequences, Excion theorem and application to
spheres, Mayer Victoris sequences, Jordan-Brouwer separation theorem, Spherical
complexes, Betti number and Euler characteristic, Cell Complexes and adjunction
spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. Kosniowski C., A First course in algebraic Topology, C.U.P. 1980.
2. Greenberg,M.J & Harper,J.R,Algebraic Topology, A First Course, The Bonjan
Cunning Pub, Co.
3. Croom, F.H., Basic Concept of algebraic theory, Spinger-Verlag, New York,
1978.
Course Title: Category Theory-I

Credit Hours: 3
Basic concepts of category, Definition of category, examples, Epimorphism,
Monomorphism, Retractions, Initial, Terminal, and null objects, Category of graphs, Limits
in categories, Equalizers, Pull backs, Inverse images and intersections, Constructions
with kernel pairs, Functions and adjoint Functions, Functions, Bifunctions, Natural
transformations, Diagrams, Limits, Colimits, Universal problems and adjoint functions.
Recommended Books:
1. Jaap van Oosten, Basic Category Theory, University of Otrecht, 2007.
2. D.E. Rydeheard, R. M. Burstall, Computational Theory, 2001.
3. Michael Barr, Charles Wells, Category Theory Lecture Notes, 1990.
4. Peter Freyd, Abelian Categories: An Introduction to the Theory of Funtors,
Harper and Row, 1964.
5. Arbib MA. & Manes, E.G., arrows, structure and functions, Academic press
New York, 1977.
6. Ehrig H. and P fender, Kategorien and Automation Walter de Gruyter, berlin,
New York.
7. Herrlich H & Strecker G.E Category Theory, Allyn and Becon Inc., Boston,
1973.
Course Title: Category Theory-II

Credit Hours: 3
Subjects, Quotient objects and factorization, (E,M) Categories, (Epi external mono) and
(external epi mono) Categories, (Generating external mono) factorization. Pointed
categories: Normal and exact categories, Additive categories, Abelian categories,
Definition of automation and examples, Category of automata, Epimorphism,
Monomorphism, initial, terminal and null objects in Aut. Congruences and factor
automata, Automata with constant input and output.
Recommended Books:
1. Jaap van Oosten, Basic Category Theory, University of Otrecht, 2007.
2. D. E. Rydeheard, R. M. Burstall, Computational Theory, 2001.
3. Michael Barr, Charles Wells, Category Theory Lecture Notes, 1990.
4. Peter Freyd, Abelian Categories: An Introduction to the Theory of Funtors,
Harper and Row, 1964.
5. Arbib MA. & Manes, E.G., arrows, structure and functions, Academic press
New York 1973.
6. Ehrig H. and P fender, Kategorien and Automation Walter de Gruyter, berlin,
New York.
7. Herrlich H & Strecker G.E Category Theory, Allyn and Becon Inc., Boston,
1973.
Course Title: Rings and Fields

Credit Hours: 3
Definitions and basic concepts, homomorphism theorems, polynomial rings, Quotient
rings, unique factorization domain, factorization theory, Noetherian and Artinian rings,
Euclidean domain, arithmetic in Euclidean domain, extension fields, algebraic and
transcendental elements, simple extension.
Books Recommended:
1. Louis Halle Rowen, Graduate Algebra: Noncommutative view, AMS, 2008.
2. Louis Halle Rowen, Rings Theory, Voume I and II, Academic Press, 1988.
3. P. M. Cohn, Free Ideal Rings and Localization in General, Cambridge
University Press, 2006.
4. Fraleigh, J.A., A first course in Abstract Algebra, Addison Wesley Publishing
Company, 1982.
5. Herstein, I.N., Topics in Algebra, John Wiley & sons.
6. Lang, S. Algebra, Addison Wesley, 2005.
7. Hartley, B., and Hawkes, T.O., Ring, Modules and Linear Algebra, Chapman
and Hall, 1970.
8. Donald S. Paseman, A course in Ring Theory, AMS, 1991.
Course Title: Theory of Modules

Credit Hours: 3
Elementary notions and examples, Modules, submodules, quotient modules, finitely
generated and cyclic modules, exact sequences and elementary notions of homological
algebra, Noetherian and Artinian rings and modules, radicals, semisimple rings and
modules, tensor product of modules, bimodules, algebra and coalgebra, torsion module,
primary components, invariance theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. Adamson, J.,1976. Rings and modules 1st ed. NY: Chelsea.
2. Blyth, T.S., 1977. Module Theory. 1st ed. Oxford University Press.
3. Hartley, B. and Hawkes, T.O., 1980. Rings, Modules and Linear algebra. 1st
ed.
Chapman and Hall.
4. Herstein I.N, 1995. Topics in Algebra with Application. 3rd ed. Books/Cole.
5. Jacobson .N.,1989. Basic Algebra, Vol.II. 2nd ed. Freeman.
Course Title: Lie Algebra

Credit Hours: 3
General Theory, Definitions and First Examples, Ideals and homomorphisms, Isomorphism
Theorems, Lie algebra of derivations, Nilpotent Lie Algebras. Engel’s Theorem, Solvable Lie
Algebras, Lie’s Theorem, Radical, Semi-simplicity, Killing form, Cartan’s Criterion, Jordan,
Chevalley Decomposition, Representations, Inner derivations, Course Units, Maximal Toral
Subalgebras and Roots, Orthogonality Properties, Integrality Properties, Classification, Simple
lie algebras and irreducible root systems, The Lie Algebra of Type G2 And Octonions,
Representations Conjugacy theorems.
Recommended Books:
1. Brain C. Hall, Lie Algebra, 2003
2. J.E. Huomphry, Introduction to Lie Algebra and representation theory,
Springer Verlag.
3. N. Jacobson, Lie algebras,Wiley Inter Science, New York, 1972.
4. G. Edwood, Introduction to Lie Algebra Queen’s Papers. No.23, Kingston,
1999.
5. B.P.M. Cohn, Lie Groups Cambridge University Press. 1993.
Course Title: Advanced Functional Analysis

Credit Hours: 3
Fundamental Theorems: Zorn’s lemma, statement of Hahn-Banach theorem for real
vector spaces, Hahn-Banach theorem for complex vector spaces and normed spaces,
Uniform boundedness theorem, Open mapping theorem, Closed graph theorem.
Spectral Theory: Spectral properties of bounded linear operations on Normed Spaces,
Further properties of Resolvent and spectrum, use of complex Analysis in spectral theory,
compact linear operations on Normed Spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. Kreyszig, E., 1978. Introductory Functional Analysis with applications. 1st ed. John
Wiley.
2. Brown, A.L., 1970. A , Elements of Functional Analysis. 1st ed. Von Nostrand and
Reinhold Company.
3. Oden,J.T., 1979. Applied Functional Analysis. 1st ed. Prentice-Hall Inc.
Course Title: Galois Theory

Credit Hours: 3
Finite fields, fields extension, Galois theory, Galois theory of equations, construction with
straight-edge and compass, splitting field of polynomials, the galio groups, some results
on finite groups, symmetric group as Galois group, constructable regular n-gones, the
Galois group as permutation group.
Recommended Books:
1. Nicholson, W.K., Introduction to Abstract Algebra. 1st Ed. PWS-Kent Publishing
Co. 1993.
2. Ames, D.B., Introduction to Abstract Algebra. 1st Ed., Pennsylvania International
text book company. 1968.
3. Northcott, D.D., A First Course of Homological Algebra, 1st Ed. Cambridge
University Press. 1973.
4. Jacobson, N., Basic Algebra I, 1st Ed. NY Freeman and Co. 1985.
Course Title: Measure Theory
Credit Hours: 3
Introduction, outer measure, Measurable sets and Lebesgue measure, a
nonmeasurable set. Measurable functions, the Lebesgue integral and Riemann integral,
the Lebesgue integral of bounded function over a set of finite measure, the Integral of
non-negative tfunction. The general Lebesgue Integral, Convergence in measure.
Recommended Books:
1. H.L.Royden, Real Analysis, 3rd Ed. McMillan Publishing Co. New York. 1988.
2. P.R.Halmos, Measure Theory, 1st Ed. Springer, New York. 1975.
3. W.Rudin, Real & Complex Analysis, 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Company, New
York, 1987.
4. R.G.Bartle, The Elements of Integration and Lebesgue Measure, 1st Ed. Wiley-
Interscience. 1995.
COURSES OF APPLIED MATHEMATICS
Course Title: Fluid Mechanics-I

Credit Hours: 3
Introduction: Definition of Fluid, basics equations, Methods of analysis, dimensions and
units. Fundamental concepts, Fluid as a continuum, velocity field, stress field, viscosity,
surface tension, description and classification of fluid motions.
Fluid Statics: The basic equation of fluid static, The standard atmosphere, pressure
variation in a static fluid, fluid in rigid body motion. Basic equation in integral form for a
control volume, basic laws for a system, relation of derivatives to the control volume
formulation, conservation of mass, momentum equation for inertial control volume,
momentum equation for control volume with rectilinear acceleration, momentum equation
for control volume with arbitrary acceleration, the angular momentum principle, the first
law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics. Introduction to differential
analysis of fluid motion: conservation of mass, stream function for two dimensional
incompressible flow, motion of a fluid element (kinematics), momentum equation.
Recommended Books:
1. R.W. Fox & A.T. McDonald., Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 6th Ed. John Wiley
& Sons, 2004. (Suggested Text Book)
2. White, F.M., Fluid Mechanics, Mc. Graw Hill, 5th Ed. published in 2006.
3. H. Schichting, Boundary Layer Theory, Mc. Graw Hill
4. Milne-Thomson, L. M., Theoretical Hydrodynamics, 6th Ed. Macmillan New
York 2006.
Course Title: Fluid Mechanics-II

Credit Hours: 3
Incompressible inviscid flow, momentum equation for frictionless flow, Euler’s equations,
Euler’s equations in streamline coordinates, Bernoulli equation- Integration of Euler’s
equation along a streamline for steady flow, relation between first law of thermodynamics
and the Bernoulli equation, unsteady Bernoulli equation-Integration of Euler’s equation
along a streamline, irrotational flow. Internal incompressible viscous flow, Part-A Fully
developed laminar flow, fully developed laminar flow between infinite parallel plates, fully
developed laminar flow in a pipe, Part-B Flow in pipes and ducts, shear stress distribution
in fully developed pipe flow, turbulent velocity profiles in fully developed pipe flow, energy
consideration in pipe flow. External incompressible viscous flow, Part-A, Boundary layers,
the boundary concept, boundary thickness, laminar flat plate boundary layer: exact
solution, momentum, integral equation, use of momentum integral equation for flow with
zero pressure gradient, pressure gradient in boundary-layer flow.
Recommended Books:
1. R.W. Fox & A.T. McDonald, Introduction to Fluid Mechanics 6th Ed. John Wiley
& Sons, 2004 (Suggested Text Book).
2. White, F. M. Fluid Mechanics 5th Ed. Mc. Graw Hill, published in 2006.
3. H. Schichting, Boundary Layer Theory, Mc. Graw Hill, New York, 1979.
4. Milne-Thomson, L. M., Theoretical Hydrodynamics 6th Ed. Macmillan New
York, 2006.
Course Title: Quantum Mechanics –I

Credit Hours: 3
Inadequacy of Classical Mechanics: Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton
effect, Bohr’s theory of atomic structure, Wave-particle duality, the de-Broglie
postulate.The Uncertainty Principle: Uncertainty of position and momentum, statement
and proof of the uncertainty principle, Energy-time uncertainty. Eigenvalues and
eigenfunctions, Operators and eigenfunctions, Linear Operators, Operator formalism in
Quantum Mechanics, Orthonormal systems, Hermitian operators and their properties,
Simultaneous eigenfunctions. Parity operators. Postulates of quantum mechanics, the
Schrödinger wave equation.
Motion in one Dimension: Step potential, potential barrier, Potential well, and Harmonic
oscillator.
Recommended Books:
1. J.G Taylor, Quantum Mechanics, George Allen and Unwin. 1970.
2. T.L Powell and B.Crasemann, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1961.
3. E. Merzdacker, Quantum Mechanics John Wiley and sons.
4. R.M. Eisberg, Fundamental of Modern Mechanics, John Willey and Sons
5. H. Muirhead, The Physics of Elementary Particles, Pergamon Press, 1965.
6. R. Dicke, R & J .P. Witke, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1960.
Course Title: Quantum Mechanics –II

Credit Hours: 3
Motion in three dimensions, angular momentum, commutation relations between
components of angular momentum, and their representation in spherical polar
coordinates, simultaneous Eigen functions of Lz and L2, Spherically symmetric potential
and the hydrogen atom.
Scattering Theory: The scattering cross-section, scattering amplitude, scattering
equation, Born approximation, partial wave analysis.
Perturbation Theory: Time independent perturbation of non-degenerate and degenerate
cases. Time-dependent perturbations.
Identical Particle: Symmetric and anti-symmetric Eigen function, The Pauli exclusion
principle.
Recommended Books:
1. J.G Taylor, Quantum Mechanics, George Allen and Unwin, 1970.
2. T.L Powell and B.Crasemann, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1961.
3. E. Merzdacker, Quantum Mechanics John Wiley and sons.
4. R.M. Eisberg, Fundamental of Modern Mechanics, John Willey and Sons
5. H.Muirhead, The Physics of Elementary Particles, Pergamon Press, 1965.
6. R. Dicke, R & J .P. Witke, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1060.
Course Title: Electromagnetic Theory –I

Credit Hours: 3
Electrostatics: Coulomb’s Law, Electric field and potential, Lines of force and equipotential
surfaces, Gausess’s law and deduction, Conductor and Condensers, Dipoles, Dielectrics,
Polarization and apparent charges, Electric displacement, Energy of the field, minimum
energy.
Magnetostatic Field: The Magnetostatic Law of force, Magnetic Doubles, Magnetic shells,
Force on magnetic doublets, Magnetic induction, Para and dia and magnetism.
Steady and Slowly Varying Currents: Electric current. Linear conductors, Conductivity,
Resistance, Kirchoff’s laws, Heat production, Current density vector, Magnetic field of
straight and circular current, Magnetic flux, vector potential forces on a circuit in magnetic
field.
Recommended Books:
1. Ferraro, Electromagnetic theory, Athlone Press, London, 1963.
2. J.R Reitz & Milford. Foundations of Electromagnetic theory, Addison –Wesley
Press, 1960.
3. Pugh &. Pugh, Electricity & Magnetism.
Course Title: Electromagnetic Theory –II

Credit Hours: 3
Steady and Slowly Varying Currents: Magnetic field energy. Law of Electromagnetic
induction, Co-efficient of self and mutual induction, Alternating current and simple I. C.R.
Circuit in series and parallel, power factor, Potential problems.
The Equations of Electromagnetism: Maxwell’s equations in free space and material
media, Solution of Maxwell’s equations: Place electromagnetic waves in homogeneous
and isotropic media, Reflection and Refraction of plane waves, Wave guides, Laplace
equation in plane, polar and cylindrical coordinates, Simple introduction to Legendre
polynomials, Method of images, Images in a plane, Images with spheres and cylinders.
Recommended Books:
1. Ferraro, Electromagnetic Theory.
2. J.R Reitz & Milford. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory, Addison –Wesley
Press, 1960.
3. Pugh &. Pugh, Electricity & Magnetism.
Course Title: Special Relativity

Credit Hours: 3+0
Historical background and fundamental concepts of special theory of relativity, Galilean
transformations, Lorentz transformations (for motion along one axis), length contraction,
time dilation and simultaneity, velocity addition formulae.3-dimensional, Lorentz
transformations, introduction to 4-vector formalism. Lorentz transformations in the 4-
vector formalism, the Lorentz and Poincare groups, introduction to classical mechanics,
Minkowski space-time and null cone, 4-velocity and 4-momentum and 4-force, application
of special relativity to Doppler shift and Compton effect, aberration of light, particle
scattering, binding energy, particle production and decay, special relativity with small
acceleration.
Recommended Books:
1. Qadir, 1989. An introduction to the Special Relativity theory. 1 st ed. World
scientific.
2. D’Inverno R., 1992. Introducing Einstein’s Relativity. 1 st ed. Oxford University
Press.
3. Rindler W., 1977. Essential Relativity. 2nd ed. Springer Verlag.
Course Title: Elasticity Theory

Credit Hours: 3
Homogeneous Isotropic Bodies, Elastic Moduli of Isotropic Bodies. Equilibrium equation
for an isotropic elastic solid, Dynamical equation of an isotropic elastic solid, Strain-
energy function and its connection with Hook’s law, Uniqueness of the solution of the
boundary value problems of elasticity, Saint-Verant’s principle extension, Torsion and
Flexure of Homogeneous bears, Variational methods.
Recommended Books:
1. Sokolinikoff, Mathematical Theory of Elasticity, 2nd Ed. McGraw Hill, New York,
1950.
2. Funk Y. C., Foundations of Solid Mechanics, Prentice – Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
2007
3. A.E.H. Love, A treatise on the Mathematical theory of elasticity. 1944.
4. Allan F. Bower, Applied Mechanics of Solids, CRS Press, 2010.
Course Title: Analytical Dynamics

Credit Hours: 3
Generalized coordinates, Constraints, Degree of freedom, D’Alembert principle,
Holonomic and non-Holonomic systems, Hamilton’s principle, Derivation of Lagrange
equation from Hamilton’s principle, and Derivation of Hamilton’s equation from a
variational principle. Equations and Examples of Gauge transformations, Equations and
examples of canonical transformations, Orthogonal Point transformations, The Principle
of Least Action, Applications of Hamilton’s equation to central force problems,
Applications to Harmonic oscillator, Hamiltonian formulism, Lagrange bracket and
Poisson brackets with application, The Hamilton Jacobi theory, Hamilton Jacobi Theorem,
The Hamilton Jacobi equation for Hamilton characteristic functions, Bilinear co-variant,
Quasi coordinates, transpositional relations for Quasi coordinates, Lagrange’s equation
for Quasi coordinates, Appel’s equation for quasi coordinates, Whittaker equation with
applications, Chaplygian system and Chaplygian equation.
Recommended Books:
1. D.T. Greenwood, Classical Dynamics, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1965.
2. Chorlton F. Textbook of Dynamics, Van Nostrand.
3. Chester W. Mechanics, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London.
4. Goldstein H. Classical Mechanics, Cambridge, Mass Addison-Wesely.
5. L.A. Pars, Treatise of Analytical Dynamics, Heimann Press, London.
6. K. Sankara Rao, Classical Mechanics
7. P.V. Panaf, Classical Mechanics, Narosa Publishing House Delhi, 2005.
Course Title: Astronomy-I

Credit Hours: 3+0
Course Contents:
Introduction, The great and small circles, spherical angle and spherical triangle,
applications to the Earth, longitude and latitude, basics of spherical trigonometry, the
celestial sphere, horizontal and equatorial systems of coordinates, observer’s meridian
and diurnal motion, circumpolar stars, right ascension, the equation of time.
Recommended Books:
1. Smart W. M., 1977. Textbook on Spherical Astronomy. 1st ed. Cambridge
University Press.
2. Roy A. E. ,1982. Astronomy: Principles and Practice. 1st ed. Bristor: Adam Hilger
Ltd.
3. Wooland E. W. & Clemence G. M., 1966. Spherical Astronomy, 1st ed. Boston:
Academic Press.
Course Title: Astronomy-II

Pre Requisite: Astronomy-I
Credit Hours: 3+0
Course Contents:
Introduction to celestial navigation on earth; celestial sphere; time-keeping system;
refraction; parallax and triangulation, aberration; precession, nutation; tropical
measurements, magnitude systems; Naked Eye Observations; Observational
techniques; optics and telescopes; Radio telescopes and Doppler imaging.
Recommended Books:
1. Roy A. E., 1982. Astronomy: Principles and Practice. 1st ed. Adam Hilger Ltd.
2. Roy A. E., 1989. Astronomy: Structure of the Universe. 1st ed. Adam Hilger Ltd.,
Bristol.
Courses of Computational Mathematics
Course Title: Operations Research-I

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Linear Programming: formulation and graphical solution, simplex method, M-technique
and two-phase technique, special cases sensitivity analysis, the dual problem, primal dual
relationship, the dual simplex method, sensitivity and post optimal analysis, transportation
model, Northwest corner, least cost and Vogel’s approximation methods, the method of
multipliers, the assignment model, the transshipment model, network minimization,
shortest route algorithms for variables.
Recommended Books:
1. Hamdy A. T., 2006 Operations Research an Introduction. 6th ed. NY: Macmillan
2. Gillet B.E., 1979. Introduction to Operations Research. 1st ed. New Delhi:
McGraw
Hill.
3. HARVY C.M., 1979.Operations Research. 1st ed. North Holland.
4. Hillier F.S. & Liebraman G.J., 2000. Operations Research. 8th ed., CBS.
Course Title: Operations Research-II

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Algorithm for cyclic network, maximal flow problems, matrix definition of LP- problems,
revised simplex methods, bounded variables decompositions algorithm, parametric linear
programming, application of integer programming, cutting plane algorithm, mixed
fractional cut algorithm, branch and bound methods, zero-one implicit enumeration,
element of dynamics programming, problems of dimensionality, solutions of linear
program by dynamics programming,
Recommended Books:
1. Hamdy A. T., 2006 Operations Research an Introduction. 6th ed. NY: Macmillan
2. Gillet B.E., 1979. Introduction to Operations Research. 1st ed. New Delhi:
McGraw
Hill.
3. Harvy C.M., 1979.Operations Research. 1st ed. North Holland.
4. Hillier F.S. & Liebraman G.J., 2000. Operations Research. 8th ed., CBS
Course Title: Methods of Optimization-I

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Introduction to optimization and review of related mathematical concepts, unconstrained
optimization, conditions for local minimizers, one dimensional search methods, gradient
methods, Newton’s method (analysis and modifications), conjugate direction methods,
Quasi Newton method, application to neural network, Single Neuron Training, Linear
integer programming, introduction, Genetic algorithms, Real number genetic algorithm.
Recommended Books:
1.Sundaram R. K., 1996. A first course in optimization theory. 3 rd ed.
CambridgeUniversity Press.
2. Edwin K. P Chong and Stanislaw H. Zak, 2012. An Introduction to Optimization.
4th ed. Wiley Series in Discrete Mathematics and Optimization.
3. Singiresu S. Rao, 1992. Optimization Theory and Applications. 2 nd ed. Wiley
Eastern Ltd.
Course Title: Methods of Optimization-II

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Non-linear constrained optimization, Problems with equality constraints, Introduction,
Problem Formulation, Tangent and Normal spaces, Lagrange condition, Second-order
conditions. Problems with inequality constraints, Karush-Kuhn-Tucker Condition,
Second-order conditions. Convex optimization problems, Introduction, convex functions.
Algorithms for constrained optimization, Lagrangian algorithms.
Recommended Books:
1. Sundaram R. K., 1996. A first course in optimization theory. 3 rd ed. Cambridge
University Press.
2. Edwin K. P Chong and Stanislaw H. Zak, 2012. An Introduction to Optimization.
4th ed.
Wiley Series in Discrete Mathematics and Optimization.
3. Singiresu S. Rao, 1992. Optimization Theory and Applications. 2 nd ed. Wiley
Eastern Ltd.
Course Title: Theory of Splines-I

Credit Hours: 3
Course Contents:
Euclidean Geometry: basic concepts of Euclidean geometry, scalar and vector functions,
bar centric coordinates, convex hull, matrices of affine maps, translation, rotation, scaling,
reflection and shear. Approximation using Polynomials: curve fitting, least squares line
fitting, least squares power fit, data linearization method for exponential functions,
nonlinear least-squares method for exponential functions, transformations for data
linearization, linear least squares, Polynomial fitting. Interpolation: basic concepts of
interpolation, Lagrange’s method, error terms and error bounds of Lagrange’s method,
divided differences method, Newton polynomials, error terms and error bounds of Newton
polynomials, central difference interpolation formulae, Gauss’s forward interpolation
formula, Gauss’s backward interpolation formula, Hermite’s methods.
Recommended Books:
1. Sudaran R.K., 1996. A first course in optimization theory. 3rd ed. CUP.
2. Chang E.K.P and Zak, S.I.I, 2004. An Introduction to Optimization. 3nd ed.
Wiley.
3. Rao S.S., 1992. Optimization Theory and Applications. 2nd ed. Wiley Eastern
Ltd.
Course Title: Theory of Splines-II

Credit Hours: 3
Parametric curves (scalar and vector case), algebraic form, Hermite form, control point
form, Bernstein Bezier form, matrix forms of parametric curves, algorithms to compute
B.B. form, convex hull property, affine invariance property, variation diminishing property,
rational quadratic form, rational cubic form, tensor product surface, B.B. cubic patch,
quadratic by cubic B.B. patch, B.B. quartic patch.
Spline Functions: splines, cubic splines, end conditions of cubic splines: clamped
conditions, natural conditions, second derivative conditions, periodic conditions, Not a
knot conditions, general splines, natural splines, periodic splines, truncated power
function, representation of spline in terms of truncated power functions, odd degree
interpolating splines.
Recommended Books:
1. Farin G., 2002. Curves and Surfaces for Computer Aided Geometric Design A
Practical Guide. 5th ed. Academic Press
2. Faux I.D. 1979.Computational Geometry for Design and Manufacture. 1 st ed.
Ellis
Horwood
3. Bartle H.R, Beatly C.J., 2006. An Introduction to Spline for use in Computer
Graphics and Geometric Modeling. 4th ed. Morgan Kaufmann.
4. Boor C.D., 2001. A Practical Guide to Splines. Revised ed. Springer Verlag.
Course Title: Graph Theory

Credit Hours: 3
Graphs and digraphs, Degree sequences, paths, cycles, cut-vertices, and blocks,
Eulerian graphs and digraphs, Trees, incidence matrix, cut-matrix, circuit matrix and
adjacency matrix. Orthogonality relation, Decomposition, Euler formula, planer and non-
planer graphs, Mengers theorem, Hamiltonian’s graphs.
Books Recommended:
1. Chartrand and Lesniak , Graphs and Digraphs 5th Ed. Chapman and Hall, 2010.
2. Robin J. Wilson, Introduction to Graph Theory, 4th Ed. Addison Wesley, 1996.
Course Title: Theory of Automata

Credit Hours: 3
Regular expressions and Regular Languages Finite Automata, Context-free Grammars
and Context-free languages, Push down automata. Decision Problems, Parsing, Turing
Machines.
Recommended Books:
1. Martin, Introduction to Languages and Theory of compution, Mc Graw Hill, 4th
Ed. 2010.
2. Cohen. Introduction to Computer theory, Wiley, 2nd Ed. 1996.
Course Title: Control Theory

Credit Hours: 3
System dynamics and differential equations, some system equations, System Control,
Mathematical methods and differential equations, The classical and modern control
theory, Transfer functions and block diagram, Review of Laplace Transforms,
Applications to differential equations, Transfer functions and Block diagrams, State space
formations, State space forms, using transfer functions to define state variables, direct
solution of the state equation, Solutions of the state equation by Laplace transforms, the
transformation from companion to the diagonal state form, The transform function from
the state equation, Transient and steady state response analysis, Response of first order
system, Response of second order system, Response of higher order systems, Steady
state error, Feedback control.
Stability: The concept of stability, Routh stability criterion, Introduction to Liapunor’s
method, Quadratic form, Determination of liapunov’s function, the Nyquist stability
criterion, the frequency response, An introduction to conformal mapping, Applications of
conformal mappings to the frequency response, Controllability and Observability;
Controllability, Observability, Decomposition of system state, A transformation into the
companion form, Multivariable Feedback and pole location: State feedback of SISO
system, Multivariable system observations.
Books Recommended:
1. Burghes D. and Graham A. Introduction to Control Theory including optimal
control, Ellis Horwood, 1980.
2. Barnett S. and Camron R.G. Introduction to Mathematical Control Theory (2 nd
Ed.) Oxford V.P, 1985.
Course Title: Applied Matrix Theory

Credit Hours: 3
Review of the Theory of Linear System: Eigen values and Eigen vectors, The Jordan
canonical forms, Bilinear and quadratic forms, Matrix analysis of differential equations,
Variational principles and perturbation theory, the Courant minimax theorem, Weyl’s
inequalities, Gershgorin’s theorem, perturbations of the spectrum, vector norms and
related matrix norms, the condition number of a matrix.
Recommended Books:
1. Strang G. Linear Algebra and its Applications, Academic Press, 2005.
2. William G. Linear Algebra with Applications, Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 7th Ed. 2009.
3. Stewart G.W. Introduction to Matrix Computations, Academic Press, INC, New
York, 1973.
Course Title: Finite Element Analysis

Credit Hours: 3
Objectives: The objective of finite element method is to discretize the domain into finite
element for which the governing equations are algebraic equations. Solution of these
algebraic equations gives the approximate solution of the non linear differential equations.
The convergence is judged by the refinement of mesh.
Course Contents
Rational Bezier curves, properties of rational Bezier curves, Marsden identity,
construction of FEM basis function, the de Boor algorithm, dual functional, error
approximation by orthogonal functional, cubic Hermite interpolation, natural spline
interpolation, quasi interpolant, Schoenberg scheme, error of quasi interpolation,
Lagrangian function for interpolation, interpolation error, curves on uniform grid and their
properties, interpolation with curves on uniform grid, geometric Hermite interpolation, non-
uniform rational B-splines, construction of finite element basis on multidimensional space,
Box splines, recursion for Box splines, approximation on multidimensional space,
ellipticity of approximation, Cea’s lemma, approximation theorems for FEM.
Recommended Books:
1. Introduction to the Mathematics of Subdivision Surfaces by Lars-Erik Andersson, SIAM,
2010.
2. Numerical Models for Differential Problems by Quarteroni A., Springer, 2009.
3. Finite Element Method by Klaus-Jürgen Bathe, John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
4. Splines and Variational Methods by Prenter, P. M., AWiley-Interscience Publication, 2006.
Annexure-VIII
The BOS Approved to add the following courses in scheme of M. Phil/Ph. D

Mathematics each of credit hours 03.
MATH-769 BCK Algebra/BCI Algebra
MATH-770 Minimal Surfaces
MATH-771 Symmetries and Exact Solutions of Differential Equations
MATH-772 Riemannian geometry
MATH-906 APPLICATIONS OF INEQUALITIES
MATH-772: Riemannian geometry

Definition and examples of manifolds; Submanifolds; Tangents; Coordinate vector fields;
Tangent spaces; Dual spaces; Algebra of tensors; Vector fields; Tensor fields; Integral
curves; Affine connections and Christoffel symbols; Covariant differentiation of tensor
fields; Geodesics equations; Curve on manifold; Parallel transport; Lie transport; Lie
derivatives and Lie Brackets; Geodesic deviation; Differential forms; Introduction to
integration theory on manifolds; Riemannian Curvature tensor; Ricci tensor and Ricci
scalar; Killing equations and Killing vector fields.
Books Recommended:
1. Bishop, R.L. and Goldberg, S.I.,. Tensor Analysis on Manifolds. 1st Ed. NY: Dover
Publications. 1980.
2. Carmo M.P., Riemannian Geometry. 1st Ed. Boston:Birkhauser. 1992.
3. Lovelock, D. and Rund, H. Tensors., Differential Forms and Variational
Principles, John-Willey, 1975.
4. Langwitz, D., Differential and Riemannian Geometry, Academic Press, 1970.
5. Abraham, R., Marsden, J.E. and Ratiu, T., Manifolds, Tensor Analysis and
Applications, Addison-Wesley, 1983.
MATH-906: APPLICATIONS OF INEQUALITIES

Gruüss type inequalities, Chebychev’s type inequalities, Ostrowski’s inequalities,
Applications of inequalities involving gamma and beta functions, Introduction to L p-
spaces. Boundedness of integral operators involving some special functions, Hardy-Type
Inequalities, Miscellaneous inequalities,
RECOMMENDED BOOKS:
1. Dragomir, SS: A generalization of Grüss inequality in inner product spaces and

applications. J. Math.Anal. Appl. 237,74-82 (1999).
2. Kilbas, A. A., Srivastava, H. M. and Trujillo, J. J. (2006). Theory andApplications
of Fractional Differential Equations. North-Holland. Mathematical Studies, 204,
Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam.B.G. Pachpatte, Mathematical inequalities, (North-
Holland Mathematical Library,Vol.67), Elsevier, 2005.
3. Constantin Niculescu and Lars-Erik Persson, Convex Functions and their
Applications: A Contemporary Approach (CMS Books in Mathematics), Springer,
2005.
4. J. Pečarić, F. Proschan and Y. C. Tong, Convex Functions, Partial Orderings and
Statistical Applications, vol. 187 of Mathematics in Science and Engineering,
Academic Press, Boston, Mass, USA, 1992.
5. D. S. Mitrinovic, J. Pečarić and A. M. Fink, Classical and New Inequalities in
Analysis, Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1993.
6. Mitrinovic, DS, Peharic, JE, Fink, AM: Inequalities for Functions and Their Integrals
and Derivatives. Kluwer Academic,Dordrecht (1994).
7. Okikiolu, G. O. (1971). Aspects of the theory of bounded linear
operators.Academic Press.
8. Related Research Papers.

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No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

2 MATH-604 Integral Equations 3

3 MATH-606 Numerical Analysis-II 3

4 MATH-608 History of Mathematics 2

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

2 MATH-611 Computer Programming with Fortran 2+1

3 MATH-612 Advanced Programming for Scientific Computing 2+1

No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours

2 MATH-614 Algebraic Number Theory 3

3 MATH-615 Advanced Group Theory –I 3

4 MATH-616 Advanced Group Theory –II 3

5 MATH-617 Algebraic Topology-I 3

6 MATH-618 Algebraic Topology-II 3

7 MATH-619 Category Theory –I 3

8 MATH-620 Category Theory –II 3

9 MATH-621 Rings and Fields 3

10 MATH-622 Theory of Modules 3

11 MATH-623 Lie Algebra 3

12 MATH-624 Advanced Functional Analysis 3

13 MATH-625 Galois Theory 3

14 MATH-627 Measure Theory 3

3 MATH-631 Quantum Mechanics-I 3

4 MATH-632 Quantum Mechanics-II 3

5 MATH-633 Electromagnetic Theory –I 3

7 MATH-635 Special Relativity 3

8 MATH-636 Elasticity Theory 3

9 MATH-637 Analytical Dynamics 3

2 MATH-642 Operations Research-II 3

3 MATH-643 Methods of Optimization-I 3

4 MATH-644 Methods of Optimization-II 3

5 MATH-645 Theory of Splines-I 3

6 MATH-646 Theory of Splines-II 3

7 MATH-647 Graph Theory 3

8 MATH-648 Theory of Automata 3

9 MATH-649 Control Theory 3

10 MATH-650 Applied Matrix Theory 3

11 MATH-651 Finite Element Analysis 3

Course Contents for M.Sc Mathematics

Course Title: Topology

Course Title: Vector and Tensor Analysis

Course Title: Set Theory and ODEs

Course Title: Introduction to Computers and its Applications

Course Title: Real Analysis II

Course Title: Linear Algebra

Course Title: Functional Analysis

Course Title: Mechanics

Course Title: Computer Programming with C++

Course Title: Partial Differential Equations

Course Title: Numerical Analysis-I

Course Title: Integral Equations

Course Title: Numerical Analysis II

Common Elective Courses

Course Title: Special Functions

Course Title: Computer Programming with Fortran

2. J. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Computer Science, Engineering and

COURSES OF PURE MATHEMATICS

Course Title: Analytic Number Theory

Course Title: Advanced Group Theory-I

Course Title: Advanced Group Theory-II

Course Title: Algebraic Topology-I

Course Title: Algebraic Topology-II

Course Title: Category Theory-I