2022 BS 5th Mathematics Scheme of Studies

Curriculum and Syllabus of BS Mathematics
CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

BS 5th MATHEMATICS UNDER THE
SEMESTER SYSTEM
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE UNIVERSITY,
FAISALABAD.
Outlines BS 5th Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page 1
Scheme of Studies
BS 5th Mathematics
Total Semesters = 4
Duration of Each Semester = 18 Weeks
Cumulative Credits of BS (8 Semesters) = 90
Note: For Sessions 2018-2022 Onwards.
Translation of The Holy Quran Courses for 2021-25 session onwards.
SEMESTER-V
No Course Code Course Title Cr. Hours
1 MTH-501 Real Analysis-I 3(3-0)
2 MTH-503 Complex Analysis-I 3(3-0)
3 MTH-505 Algebra-I 3(3-0)
4 MTH-507 Vector and Tensor Analysis 3(3-0)
5 MTH-509 Point Set Topology 3(3-0)
6 MTH-511 Differential Geometry 3(3-0)
7 *MTH-303 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0)
8 *PHY-325 Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism 3(2-1)
9 +
ISL-511 Translation of The Holy Quran -III 1(1–0)
Total 24
SEMESTER-VI
1 MTH-502 Real Analysis-II 3(3-0)
2 MTH-504 Complex Analysis-II 3(3-0)
3 MTH-506 Algebra-II 3(3-0)
4 MTH-508 Mechanics 3(3-0)
5 MTH-510 Functional Analysis 3(3-0)
6 MTH-512 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0)
7 *MTH-402 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0)
8 *STA-322 Introduction to Statistical Theory-I 3(3-0)
Total 24
SEMESTER-VII
1 MTH-601 Numerical Analysis-I 3(3-0)
2 MTH-603 Partial Differential Equations 3(3-0)
3 MTH-605 Advanced Set Theory 3(3-0)
4 *MTH-407 Number Theory 3(3-0)
+
5 ISL-611 Translation of The Holy Quran -IV 1(1–0)
Optional Papers (3 out of the following)
Applied Group Pure Group
Course Cr. Course Cr.
No Course Title No Course Title
Code Hours Code Hours
Algebraic
Algebraic
1 MTH-607 Number 3(3-0) 1 MTH-607 3(3-0)
Number Theory
Theory
MTH-609 Fluid 3(3-0) MTH-621 Advanced Group 3(3-0)
2 2
Mechanics-I Theory-I
Operations 3(3-0)
3 MTH-611 3(3-0) 3 MTH-623 Cryptography
Research
Special Advanced
4 MTH-613 Theory of 3(3-0) 4 MTH-625 Functional 3(3-0)
Relativity Analysis
Mathematical 3(3-0)
Concepts of Advanced
5 MTH-615 5 MTH-627 3(3-0)
Quantum Topology
Mechanics-I
Integral Continuous
6 MTH-617 3(3-0) 6 MTH-633 3(3-0)
Equations Groups
Total 21
SEMESTER-VIII
Course
No Course Title Cr. Hours
Code
1 MTH-602 Numerical Analysis-II 3(3-0)
MTH-604 Computing Tools for Mathematics 3(2-1)
2
3 MTH-606 Mathematical Statistics 3(3-0)
*MTH- 3(3-0)
4 Combinatorics
408
Optional Papers (3 out of the following)
Applied Group Pure Group
Course Cr. Course
No Course Title No Course Title Cr. Hours
Code Hours Code
3(3-0) Advanced
Theory of
1 MTH-608 1 MTH-622 Group 3(3-0)
Optimization
Theory-II
Fluid 3(3-0) Measure 3(3-0)
MTH-610 2 MTH-624
Mechanics-II Theory
3(3-0) Advanced
Modeling and
2 MTH-612 3 MTH-626 Complex 3(3-0)
Simulation
Analysis
Special 3(3-0) Special 3(3-0)
MTH-614 4 MTH-614
Functions Functions
MTH-616 Theory of 3(3-0) MTH-634 Rings and
3 5 3(3-0)
Elasticity Fields
4 MTH-618 Mathematical 3(3-0) 6 MTH-636 Operator 3(3-0)
Concepts of Theory
Quantum
Mechanics-II
Total 21
Note: Elective may be offered from the list attached depending on the availability of resources of
the Department.
+
Audit Course
* Deficiency Course
Course Contents for BS (Mathematics)

Semester-I
Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks
MTH-501 Real Analysis-I 3(3-0) 60
Real Numbers: Algebraic and order properties of real numbers. Basic inequalities for absolute values.
Supremum and infimum. Completeness of real numbers. Archimedean property and its variants. The
existence of square roots of positive real numbers. Density of rational and irrational numbers.
Topology of real numbers: Open sets. Closed sets. Compact sets. Heine-Borel Theorem. Connected sets.
Sequences and Series of Real Numbers: Limits of sequences. Algebra of limits. Squeeze theorem and its
applications. Monotone convergence theorem and its applications. The existence of Monotone subsequences.
Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem. Cauchy sequences. Cauchy convergence criterion. Properly divergent
sequences. Limit inferior and limit superior of sequences. Limits of series. Convergences tests with
examples. Absolute and conditional convergence. Tests for absolute convergence. Tests for conditional
convergence.
Continuity: Sequential criterion for limits. Continuity. Sequential criterion for continuity. Continuity and
compactness, The existence of minimizers and maximizers. Continuity and connectedness. Intermediate
value theorem. Uniform continuity. Continuous extension theorem. Monotone functions and discontinuities..
Differentiation: Chain Rule. Derivative of inverse functions. Rolle’s theorem. Mean value theorem and its
applications. Indeterminate forms and L’Hospital’s Rule. Taylor’s Theorem and its applications.
Recommended Books:
1. S. Abbot, Understanding Analysis ( 2nd Ed.), Springer, New York, 2015.
2. G. Bartle and R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis (4th Ed.), John Wiley, New York, 2011.
3. S. G. Krantz, Real Analysis and Foundations (2nd Ed.), Chapman & Hall/CRC, New York, 2005.
4. M. H. Protter and C. B. Morrey, A First Course in Real Analysis (2nd Ed.), Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1991.
5. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis (3rd Ed.), Mc. Graw-Hill, 1976.
MTH-503 Complex Analysis-I 3(3-0) 60
Complex Analysis: Introduction to Complex numbers. Cartesian and Polar forms of complex numbers.
Triangle inequality. Roots in Complex number systems. Domain and Regions. Functions in Complex
variables. Limit, Continuity and Differentiability. Necessary and sufficient conditions for differentiability.
Analytic functions, Necessary and sufficient conditions for analyticity. Cauchy-Riemann equations in
Cartesian and polar form. Harmonic functions. Uniquely determined analytic functions. Reflection Principle.
Elementary functions. Exponential functions. Logarithmic function. Branches of Logarithmic function.
Complex Exponents. Trigonometric functions. Hyperbolic function. Inverse Hyperbolic functions. Complex
integrations. Contour integration. ML-Inequality. Cauchy Theorem. Cauchy Derivative and integral
formulae. Cauchy inequality. Morera Theorem. Liouville Theorem. Maximum Modulus principle.
Singularities, Branch points. Residues. Residue theorem. Application of calculus of residues to infinite
products.
Recommended Books:
1. L. Ahlfors, Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill Science, (1979).
2. J. Brown and R. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications (9th ed), McGraw-Hill Education,
(2013).
3. J. B. Conway, Functions of One Complex Variable I, Springer, (1995).
4. M. Iqbal, Complex Analysis, IlmiKitabKhana, (1996).
5. S. Ponnusamy and H. Silverman , Complex Variables with Applications, Birkhäuser, Boston, (2006).
6. D. G. Zill and P. Shanahan, A First Course in Complex Analysis with Applications, Jones and
Bartlett, (2003).
MTH-505 Algebra-I 3(3-0) 60
Prerequisites: Knowledge of Sets, Relations and Functions.

Outline:
Definition of the group and its properties., Cyclic group and its characteristics, Construction of finite
groups (Zn, U(n), Sn, Dn), Subgroups of a group and their properties, Cosets, Langrange’s theorem
and its application, Normal Subgroup and its properties, Construction of quotient or factor group,
Conjugacy class and class equation of a group, Centre of a group, Homomorphism and its properties,
Isomorphism theorems.
Recommended Books:
1. Fraleigh J. B., A First Course in Abstract Algebra (7th Edition), Pearson Education 2003
2. Gallian J. A., Contemporary Abstract Algebra (8th Ed.), Cengage Learning, India, 2013.
3. Khanna V. K., Bhambri S. K., A Course in Abstract Algebra (4th Edition), Vikas Publishing House,
India, 2006.
4. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons,
2004.
MTH-507 Vector and Tensor 3(3-0) 60
Curvilinear Coordinates, Scale Factors, Arc length, Area and volume in curvilinear coordinates. Spherical
and Cylindrical coordinates, Expansion formulas of Gradient, Divergence and Curl of point in curvilinear
coordinate, Relation between orthogonal bases, Curvilinear Coordinates, Spherical and cylindrical
coordinates and their applications, Line, Surface and volume integral. Gausses, Green’s and Stokes theorem
with their application.
Cartesian Tensor, Law of transformation, from one coordinates system to another coordinates
system. Algebra of Tensor, Sum, Difference, Quotient, Inner product, Contraction, Contraction theorem with
their application, Symmetric Tensor and Skew Symmetric Tensor, Kronecker Tensor and Levi Civita Tensor,
Relation between these Tensors, Isotropic Tensor, First and Second order Differential Operators in Tensor.
Application of Tensors in Vector Analysis, Proof of Expansions formulae using tensor formulism.
Recommended Books:
1. F. Charlton, Vector and Tensor Methods, Ellis Harwood. Publisher, Chichester, U.K. 1997.
2. H. Jeffrey, Cartesian Tensors, Cambridge University Press.
3. K. L. Mir, An introduction to Vector Analysis, IlmiKitabKhana.2012
4. N. A. Shah, Vector and Tensor Analysis, A One Publisher, 2005
5. Schaum Series, Vector and Tensor Analysis, McGraw Hill Company.1959.
MTH-509 Point Set Topology 3(3-0) 60
Topological spaces. Closed sets. Interior and closure of sets. Limit points. Boundary of a set. Subspace
topology. Product topology. Quotient topology. Basis for a topology. Continuous maps. Homeomorphisms.
Countability axioms. Separation axioms. Compact spaces. Connected spaces. Connected components. Path-
connectedness.
Recommended Books:
1. C. Adams and R. Franzosa. Introduction to topology: pure and applied, Prentice Hall, 2008.
2. J. Kelly, General Topology, Springer, 2005.
3. S. Lipschutz, General Topology, McGraw-Hill, 2004.
4. J. R. Munkres, Topology (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall, 2000.
5. G. Simmons, Topology and modern analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1963.
MTH-511 Differential Geometry 3(3-0) 60
The moving trihedron, Arc length parameter representations; The osculating plane, The osculating circle
analysis and the osculating sphere; Curvature and torsion of unit speed and non unit speed curves, Serret-
Frenet formulae. Helices, Spherical indicatericies, Evolutes. The theory of surfaces: Simple surface and
coordinate patches. The tangent plane and the normal planes, the first fundamental form and the metric,
Coordinate transformations. Surface curves: the angle between two curves on a surface; Normal curvature
Analysis and geodesic curvature, The second fundamental form, Christoffel symbols. Gauss theorem. Mean
and Gauss Ian curvatures, Principal curvatures, Asymptotic and principal direction, Euler’s theorem,
Dupin’sindicatericies. The Gauss-Weingarten, Guass-Codazzi equations.
Recommended Books:
1. A. Goetz, Introduction to Differential Geometry Addison- Wesley. 1970

2. B., O’ Neill. Elementary Differential Geometry. Academic Press; 2nd edition 2006.
3. D.J. Struik. Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry, Addison- Wesley. 2014.
4. F. Charlton, Vector and Tensor Methods, Ellis Harwood. Publisher, Chichester, U.K. 1997.
5. R. Millman, and G. Parker. Elements of differential Geometry, Prentice Hall Inc. 1977.
MTH-303 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0) 60
Course Outlines:
Prerequisites: Knowledge of Intermediate Mathematics
Sets and Relations: Set and subsets. Arbitrary union and finite intersection of sets. Cartesian
product. Relations. Equivalence relations. Partitioning of a set. Order relations. Min, max, inf, sup.
Well-ordered sets and induction. Inductively ordered sets.
Computing cardinals: Cardinality of Cartesian product. Cardinality of all functions from a set to
another set. Operations with cardinal numbers.
Numbers: Divisibility and modular arithmetic. Integer representations and algorithms. Primes and
greatest common divisors. Solving congruencies. Applications of congruence.
Mathematical logic: Propositional Calculus. Truth tables. Predicate calculus.
Counting methods: Product and inclusion-exclusion formulae. Generating functions. Double
counting. Applications. Pigeonhole principle and its applications.
Recommended Books:
1. B. Kolman, R. Busby, S. C. Ross, Discrete Mathematical Structures (5the ed.), Prentice-Hall of
India, New Delhi, 2008.
2. K. H. Rosen, Discrete Mathematics and its Application (7th ed.), McGraw-Hill, 2007.
3. A. Rehman, M. Imran, S. Mubeen, B.R. Mughal, Discrete Mathematics with Applications, Allied
Book Center, Lahore, 2021
4. N. L. Brigs, Discrete Mathematics, Oxford University Press, 2003.
5. K. A. Ross, C. R. B. Wright, Discrete Mathematics, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2003.
6. B. Rotman, G.T. Kneebone, The Theory of sets and Transfinite Numbers, Old Bourne London,
1968.
PHY-322 Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism 3(2-1) 60
Electric charges, Conductor, Insulators, Coulomb’s law, Electric field, Electric field intensity, Flux of
electric field, Gauss’s law and applications, Potential energy, Electric potential energy, Electric potential,
Capacitor, Capacitance, Capacitors in series and parallel, Energy storage in an electric field, Electric current,
Electromotive force, Motion of charge particles in electrical and magnetic fields, Analysis of circuits,
Resistors in series and parallel, Energy transferred in an electric circuit, Magnetic force on a moving charge,
Magnetic force on a current carrying wire, Ampere’s law, Faraday law of induction, Lenz’s law, Motional
emf, Generator and motors, Induced electric fields, Visible light, Speed of light, Reflection and refraction of
light waves, Double refraction, Polarization by scattering, Total internal reflection, Diffraction, Single slit
diffraction, Diffraction grating, X-ray diffraction, Polarization, Types of polarization, Photon, Photoelectric
effect, Compton effect
1. To study the behavior of RLC series circuit and determination of its resonance frequency.
2. To study the behavior of RLC Parallel circuit and determination of its resonance frequency.
3. Calibration of a voltmeter by a potentiometer.
4. Calibration of an ammeter by a potentiometer.
5. To determine the high resistance by Neon flash lamp and a capacitor.
Recommended Books:
1. Halliday, Resnick and Walker, 2011, Fundamental Physics, 9th Ed.Ed, John Wiley and Sons Inc.
New York.
2. Young and Freedman, 2010University Physics 12th edition.
3. Halliday, Resnick and Krane, 2002. Physics Vol. I & II, 5th Ed, John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.
4. Sears, Zemansky and Young, 2000, University Physics, 8th Ed, Addison-Wesley. Reading (MA)
USA.
SEMESTER-II
MTH-502 Real Analysis II 3(3-0) 60
The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals. Properties of

integrals. Fundamental theorem of calculus and its applications. Change of variable
theorem. Integration by parts.
Functions of Bounded Variation: Definition and examples. Properties of functions
of bounded variation.
Improper Integrals: Types of improper integrals. Tests for convergence of improper
integrals. Beta and gamma functions. Absolute and conditional convergence of
improper integrals.
Sequences and Series of Functions: Definitions and examples of point-wise and uniform convergence.
Uniform convergence and continuity. Uniform convergence and integration. Uniform convergence and
differentiation. Series of functions. The Weierstrass M-test, Power series.
Recommended Books:
1. R. G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis (4th Ed.), John Wiley, New York,
2011.
2. N. L. Carothers, Real Analysis, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2000.
3. K. R. Davidson and A. P. Donsig, Real Analysis with Applications: Theory in Practice, Springer-
Verlag, New York, 2010.
4. E. Fischer, Intermediate Real Analysis, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1982.
5. S. R. Ghorpade and B. V. Limaye, A First Course in Calculus and Real Analysis, Springer-Verlag,
New York, 2006.
6. S. G. Krantz, Real and Foundations (2nd Ed.), Chapman & Hall/CRC, New York, 2005.
7. W. Rudin, Principles of Mathematical Analysis, (3rd Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1976.
8. M. H. Protter and C. B. Morrey, A First Course in Real Analysis (2nd Ed.), Springer-Verlag, New
York, 1991.
MTH-504 Complex Analysis II 3(3-0) 60
The argument principle, Rouche’s theorem, Poisson’s formula, The Mittag-Leffler theorem,
Weierstrass’s factorization theorem, Infinite products of numbers and functions, analytic
continuation, Linear mappings, the bilinear mappings, conformal mappings, The Schwarz
reflection principle, Mapping of Polygons, Schwartz-Christoffel theorem, Periodic functions,
Elliptic functions and its properties, Weierstrass functions, Elliptic functions in terms of
Weierstrass functions with the same periods, Quasi periodic functions, the Zeta and sigma functions
of Weierstrass, Jacobian elliptic function and its properties.
Recommended Books:
1. T. Bulboacǎ, S. B. Joshi,P. Goswami, Complex Analysis. De Gruyter Berlin, Boston, 2019
2. A. Bourchtein, T.W. Gamelin, L. Bourchtein, Complex Analysis, Switzerland, Springer Nature,
2021.
3. D.G. Zill, P.D., Shanahan,. Complex analysis: A first course with applications. Jones & Bartlett
Publishers, 2013
4. J. W. Brown and R. V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications (9th Ed.), McGraw-Hill, New
York, 2013.
5. S. Ponnusamy, H. Silverman, Complex Variables with Applications, Birkhäuser, 2006.
6. H. S. Kasana, Complex Variables: Theory and Applications, Prentice Hall, 2005
7. J. B. Conway, Functions of one Complex Variable I, Springer, 1978.
8. M. R. Spiegel, Complex Variables, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1980
9. E. T. Whittaker and G. N. Watson, A Course of Modern Analysis, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
MTH-506 Algebra-II 3(3-0) 60
Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of elementary group theory.

Outline:
Vector space and its properties, Operations on vector space (Intersection, sum and direct sum). Subspace and
examples. Linear combination, Linear span and related concepts Basis and dimension, Linear transformations
and related results, Fundamental theorems of linear transformations, Algebra of linear transformations, Matrix
of linear transformation and related concepts, Dual space and its properties, Quotient space and its properties,
Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Inner product space and related concepts, Definition of a ring and its
properties, Units, Zero divisors and Integral Domain, Ideal and sub-ring, Principal Prime and Maximal ideals,
Quotient ring.
Recommended Books:
1. Fraleigh J. B., A First Course in Abstract Algebra (7th Edition), Pearson Education 2003
2. Gallian J. A., Contemporary Abstract Algebra (8th Ed.), Cengage Learning, India, 2013.
3. Khanna V. K., Bhambri S. K., A Course in Abstract Algebra (4th Edition), Vikas Publishing House, India,
2006.
4. P.R, Halmos, Finite Dimensional Vector Spaces, Von Nostrand.
5. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2004.
MTH-508 Mechanics 3(3-0) 60
Non Inertial Reference Systems. Accelerated coordinate systems and inertial forces. Rotating coordinate
systems. Velocity and acceleration in moving system: Coriolis. Centripetal and transverse acceleration.
Dynamics of a particle in a rotating coordinate system. Planar Motion of Rigid Bodies
Kinetics: Work, power, kinetic energy, conservative force fields. Conservation of energy, impulse, torque.
Conservation of linear and angular momentum. Non-conservative forces.
Planer Motion of Rigid Bodies: Introduction to rigid and elastic bodies, degree of freedom, translations,
rotations, instantaneous axis and center of rotation, motion of the center of mass. Euler’s theorem and
Chasles’ theorem. Rotation of a rigid body about a fixed axis, moments and products of inertia. Parallel and
perpendicular axis theorem.
Motion of Rigid Bodies in Three Dimensions: General motion of rigid bodies in space. The momental
ellipsoid and equimomental systems. Angular momentum vector and rotational kinetic energy. Principal axes
and principal moments of inertia. Determination of principal axes by diagonalizing the inertia matrix.
Euler Equations of Motion of a Rigid Body: Force free motion. Free rotation of a rigid body with an axis
of symmetry. Free rotation of a rigid body with three different principal moments. The Eulerian angles,
angular velocity and kinetic energy in terms of Euler angles. Motion of a spinning top and gyroscopes-steady
precession, sleeping top.
Recommended Books:
1. E. DiBenedetto, Classical Mechanics. Theory and Mathematical Modeling, ISBN: 978-0-8176-
4526-7, Birkhauser Boston, 2011.
2. John R. Taylor, Classical Mechanics, ISBN: 978-1-891389-22-1, University of Colorado, 2005.
3. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1980.
4. C. F. Chorlton, Text Book of Dynamics, Ellis Horwood, 1983.
5. M. R. Spiegel, Theoretical Mechanics, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 2004.
6. G. R. Fowles and G. L. Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 7th edition, Thomson Brooks/COLE, USA,
2005.
7. L. N. Hand and J. D. Finch, Analytical Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, 1998
8. K .L. Mir, Theoretical Mechanics IlmiKitabKhana. 2004
MTH-510 Functional Analysis 3(3-0) 60
Metric Spaces: Metric spaces. Separable metric spaces. Complete metric spaces. Isometric metric spaces.
Completion of metric spaces.
Normed Spaces: Normed spaces. Banach spaces. Infinite series in normed spaces. Absolute convergence.
Schauder basis. Seminorms. Quotient normed spaces. Finite dimensional normed spaces. Equivalent norms.
Compact sets in normed spaces. Compactness and finite dimension. Compactness and continuity. Bounded
linear operators. Continuity and boundedness. Bounded linear functionals. Linear operators and functionals
on finite dimensional normed spaces. Dual spaces.
Inner Product Spaces: Inner product spaces. Properties of inner product spaces. Hilbert spaces.
Completion of inner product spaces. Direct Sums. Orthogonal complements. Orthonormal sets and
sequences. Bessel inequality. Total orthonormal sets and sequences. Parseval identity. Separable Hilbert
spaces. Bounded linear functionals on Hilbert spaces. Hilbert-adjoint operator.
Recommended Books:
1. J. B. Conway, A Course in Functional Analysis (2nd Ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York, 1990.
2. Y. Eidelman, V. Milman, and A. Tsolomitis, Functional Analysis: An Introduction, American
Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, 2004.
3. E. Kreyszig, Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New
York, 1989.
4. B. P. Rynn, and M. A. Youngson, Linear Functional Analysis (2nd Ed.),Springer-Verlag, London,
2008.
Outlines BS 5th Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Government College University, Faisalabad. Page
10
5. A. Torchinsky, Problems in Real and Functional Analysis, American Mathematical Society,
Providence, Rhode Island, 2015.
MTH-512 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0) 60
Basics of differential equations, linear homogeneous differential equations of order n, fundamental set of
solutions, linearly dependent and independent solutions, Wronskian determinant, adjoint and self - adjoint
equations, self - adjoint operator, symmetric operator, Lagrange’s identity, Green’s identity, Eigen value
problem, Eigen functions and Eigen values, self-adjoint Eigen value problems, orthogonality of Eigen
functions, real Eigen values, regular, periodic and singular Sturm-Liouville systems, orthogonal sets of
functions, expansion of functions in terms of Eigen functions. Power series solutions, Legendre’s equation,
Legendre’s polynomials, generating function, Rodrigue’s formula, recursion relations, orthogonality and
normality of Legendre’s polynomials, Legendre’s series, Bessel equation, Bessel functions, generating
function, recurring relations, orthogonality of Bessel functions, Bessel series. Green’s function in one and
two dimensions, Green’s function methods applied to boundary value problems.
Recommended Books:
1. I. Stakgold, Boundary Value Problems of Mathematical Physics, Vol. I, II.
Macmillan,1968.
2. Lal Din BaigMethods of Mathematical Physics, IlmiKitabGhar Lahore, 2000.
3. H. Sagan, Boundary and Eigenvalue Problems in Mathematical Physics. John Wiley &Sons.New
York/London, 1961.
4. E.L Butkov, Mathematical Physics, Addison-Wesley 1968
5. H. J. Weber, G. B. Arfken, Essential Mathematical Methods for Physicists, ISE, lsevier. 2003.
6. Arnol'd, V. I. (2013). Mathematical methods of classical mechanics (Vol. 60). Springer Science &
Business Media.

MTH-402 Affine and Euclidean Geometry 3(3-0) 60
Vector spaces and affine geometry: Collinearity of three points, ratio AB/BC. Linear combinations and
linear dependent set versus affine combinations and affine dependent sets. Classical theorems in affine
geometry: Thales, Menelaus, Ceva, Desargues. Affine subspaces, affine maps. Dimension of a linear
subspace and of an affine subspace.
Euclidean geometry: Scalar product, Cauchy-Schwartz inequality: norm of a vector, distance between two
points, angles between two non-zero vectors. Pythagoras theorem, parallelogram law, cosine andesine rules.
Elementary geometric loci.
Orthogonal transformations: Isometries of plane (four types), Isometries of space (six types). Orthogonal
bases.
Platonic polyhedra: Euler theorem on finite planar graphs. Classification of regular polyhedra in space.
Isometries of regular polygons and regular polyhedra.
Recommended Books:
1. E. Rees, Notes on Geometry, Springer, 2004.
2. M. A. Armstrong, Groups and Symmetry, Springer, 1998.
11
3. H. Eves, Fundamentals of Modern Elementary Geometry, Jones and Bartlett Publishers International,
1992
4. S. Stahl, The Poincare Half-Plane A Gateway to Modern Geometry, Jones and Bartlett Publishers
International, 1993.
5. Dattorro, J. (2010). Convex optimization & Euclidean distance geometry. Lulu. com.
SEMESTER-III
MTH-601 Numerical Analysis-I 3(3-0) 60
Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors.

Methods for the solution of nonlinear equations: Bisection method, Regula-falsi method, Fixed point
iteration method, Newton-Raphson method, Secant method, Error analysis for iterative methods.
Numerical solution of a system of linear equations: Direct methods: Gaussian elimination method, Gauss-
Jordan method; matrix inversion; LU-factorization; Doolittle’s, Crout’s and Cholesky’s methods, Iterative
methods: Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel and SOR. Eigen values and Eigen vectors, Power method. Ill conditioned
systems and condition number.
Interpolation and polynomial approximation: Operators, Lagrange interpolation, Newton’s divided
difference formula, forward, backward and centered difference formulae, Interpolation with a cubic spline,
Hermite interpolation, Least squares approximation.
Recommended Books:
1. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, Singapore, 2005.
2. R. L. Burden and J. D. Faires: Numerical Analysis, latest edition, PWS Pub. Co.
3. J.H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics, latest Edition, Prentice Hall International.
4. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Canale: Numerical Methods for Engineers, 6th edition, McGraw Hill.
5. Stoer, J., & Bulirsch, R. (2013). Introduction to numerical analysis (Vol. 12). Springer Science &
Business Media.
MTH-603 Partial Differential Equations 3(3-0) 60
First order PDEs: Introduction, formation of PDEs, solutions of PDEs of first order, The Cauchy’s
problem for quasilinear first order PDEs, First order nonlinear equations, Special types of first order
equations
Second order PDEs: Basic concepts and definitions, Mathematical problems, Linear operators,
Superposition, Mathematical models: The classical equations, the vibrating string, the vibrating membrane,
conduction of heat solids, canonical forms and variable, PDEs of second order in two independent variables
with constant and variable coefficients, Cauchy’s problem for second order PDEs in two independent
variables
Methods of separation of variables: Solutions of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs in Cartesian and
cylindrical coordinates
12
Laplace transform: Introduction and properties of Laplace transform, transforms of elementary functions,
periodic functions, error function and Dirac delta function, inverse Laplace transform, convolution theorem,
solution of PDEs by Laplace transform, Diffusion and wave equations
Fourier transforms: Fourier integral representation, Fourier sine and cosine representation, Fourier
transform pair, transform of elementary functions and Dirac delta function, finite Fourier transforms,
solutions of heat, wave and Laplace equations by Fourier transforms.
Recommended Books:
rd
1. Myint UT, Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers, 3 edition, North
Holland, Amsterdam, 1987.
2. Dennis G. Zill, Michael R. Cullen, Differential equations with boundary value problems, Brooks
Cole, 2008.
3. John Polking, Al Boggess, Differential Equations with Boundary Value Problems, 2nd Edition,
Pearson, July 28, 2005.
4. J. Wloka, Partial Differential Equations, Cambridge University press, 1987.
MTH-605 Advanced Set Theory 3(3-0) 60
Equivalent sets and examples, Countable sets, examples of countable sets, uncountable sets, examples of
uncountable sets, cardinal number as equivalence classes, example of cardinal numbers, Cantor’s theorem,
Partially ordered sets, chains, lattices, Partial ordering on cardinal numbers, Cantor-Bernstein theorem and
applications, Addition, multiplication and exponentiation of cardinals, Zorn’s lemma and applications, axiom
of choice, equivalence of axiom of choice and Zorn’s lemma, well ordered sets and related concepts, ordinal
numbers, addition and multiplication of ordinal numbers.
Recommended Book:
1. S. Shen, N. K. Vereshchagin, A. Shen. Basic Set Theory. American Mathematical Soc.; 2002.
2. I. Kaplansky, Set theory and metric spaces. Vol. 298. American Mathematical Soc.,
2001.
3. A. N. Kolmogorov ,& S. V. Fomin, (2012). Introductory Real Analysis. Courier
Corporation.
4. P. R. Halmos, Naïve Set Theory, New York, Van Nonstrand.
5. Hrbacek, Karel, and Thomas Jech. Introduction to Set Theory, Revised and
Expanded. Crc Press, 1999.
MTH-407 Number Theory 3(3-0) 60
Preliminaries: Well-ordering principle. Principle of finite induction.

Divisibility Theory: The division algorithms. Basis representation theorem. Prime and composite numbers.
Canonical decomposition. The greatest common divisor. The Euclidean algorithm. The fundamental theorem
of arithmetic. Least common multiple.
13
Linear Diophantine Equations: Congruences. Linear congruences. System of linear congruences. The
Chinese remainder theorem. Divisibility tests. Solving polynomial congruences. Fermat's and Euler's
theorems. Wilson's theorem.
Arithmetic Functions: Euler's phi-function. The functions of𝜏 and sigma. The Mobius function. Perfect
numbers. Fermat and Mersenne primes.
Quadratic Residues: Legendre symbols and its properties. The quadratic reciprocity law. Quadratic
congruences with composite moduli. Pythagorean triples. Representing numbers as sum of two squares.
Recommended Books:
1. D.M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill, 2007.

2. S.B. Malik, Basic Number Theory, Vikas Publishing house, 1995.
3. K.H. Rosen, Elementary Number Theory and its Applications, 5th edition, Addison-Wesley, 2005.
MTH-607 Algebraic Number Theory 3(3-0) 60
Unique Factorization Domains, Gaussian Integers, Fermat's Last Theorem, Rings of Integers, Dedekind
domains, Unique Factorization of Ideals, The ideal class group, Computing the ring of integers in a number
field, The splitting of primes, Cyclotomic Fields, Localization, Galois Theory and prime Decomposition, The
field $Q_{p}$, Applications to Diophantine equations.
Recommended Books:
1. Ireland K., Rosen M., A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory (2nd Edition), (1982,
Springer).
2. Daniel A. Marcus., Number Fields, (1977, Springer).
3. Lang S., Algebraic Number Theory (2nd Edition), (1986, Springer).
4. Dummit, S. and Foote, R. (2004). Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons.
5. Williams, K. and Alaca, S. (2004). Introductory Algebraic Number Theory, Cambridge University
Press.
6. Robert, B. A. (2010). A Course in Algebraic Number Theory. New York, Dover Publications.
MTH-609 Fluid Mechanics-I 3(3-0) 60
Real fluids and ideal fluids, Velocity of a fluid at a point, Streamlines and path lines, Steady and unsteady
flows, Velocity potential, Vorticity vector, Local and particle rates of change, Equation of continuity.
Acceleration of a fluid, Conditions at a rigid boundary, General Analysis of fluid motion Euler’s equations of
motion, Bernoulli’s equations steady motion under conservative body forces, Some potential theorems,
impulsive motion. Sources, Sinks and doublets, Images in rigid infinite plane and solid spheres, Axis-
symmetric flows, Stokes’s stream function. Stream function, Complex potential for two-dimensional,
Irrational, Incompressible flow, Complex velocity spotential for uniform stream. Line sources and line sinks,
Line doublets image systems, Miline-Thomson circle theorem, Blasius’s Theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. Chorlton, F., Text Book of fluid Dynamics D. Van No strand Co. Ltd.1967.
2. Thomson, M., Theoretical Hydrodynamics, Macmillan Press, 1979.
3. Jaunzemics, W., Continuum Mechanic, Macmillan Company, 1967.
14
4. Landau, L.D, and Lifshitz, E.M., Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press, 1966.
5. Batchelor, G.K., An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 1969.
6. Brvce R. Munson and Donald F. Young, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, Department of
Engineering Science and Mechanics, Department of Mechanics Engineering Lowa State university
Amos Lowa USA.
7. Aris, R. (2012). Vectors, tensors and the basic equations of fluid mechanics. Courier Corporation.
MTH-611 Operational Research 3(3-0) 60
Linear Programming
Linear programming, Formulations and graphical solution, Simplex method, M-Technique and two-phase
technique, Special cases, The dual problem, Primal-dual relationships, Dual simplex method, Sensitivity and
post optimal analysis.
Transportation Models
North-West corner, Least-Cost and Vogel’s approximations methods, The method of multipliers, The
assignment model, The transshipment model, Hungarian method
Net work Minimization and Integer Programming
Network minimization, Shortest-Route algorithms for acyclic networks, Maximal-flow problem, Matrix
definition of LP problem, Revised simplex method, Bounded variables, Decomposition algorithm,
Parametric linear programming, Applications of integer programming, Cutting-plane algorithms, Branch-
and-bound method, Elements of dynamic programming, Programmes by dynamic programming.
Recommended Books:
1. Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research - An Introduction, (Macmillan Publishing
Company Inc., 2006)
2. B. E. Gillett, Introduction to Operations Research, (Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Company Ltd., 2006)
3. F. S. Hillier and G. J. Liebraman, Operations Research, (CBS Publishers and
Distributors, 2005)
4. W. M. Harvey, Operations Research, (North Holland, 2001)
5. Franco, L. A., & Montibeller, G. (2010). Facilitated modelling in operational research. European
Journal of Operational Research, 205(3), 489-500.
MTH-613 Special Theory of Relativity 3(3-0) 60
Historical background and fundamental concepts of Special Theory of Relativity. Lorentz transformations
(for motion along axis).Length contraction. Time dilation and simultaneity. Velocity addition formulae.3-
dimensional Lorentz transformations. Introduction to 4-vector formalism. Lorentz transformations in the 4
vector formalism. The Lorentz and Poincare groups. Introduction to classical Mechanics. Minkowski space
time and null cone.4-velocity, 4 acceleration 4-momentum and 4-force.Application of Special Relativity to
Doppler shift and Compton Effect. Particle scattering. Binding energy, Particle production and decay.
Electromagnetism in Relativity. Electric current. Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic waves. The 4-
vector formulation of Maxwell’s equations. Special Relativity with small acceleration.
Recommended Books:
15
1. Qadir, Relativity: An Introduction to the Special Theory, World Scientific, 1989.
2. R. D’ Inverno, Introduction Einstein’s Relativity, Oxford University Press, 1992.
3. H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, Addison Wesley, New York, 1962.
4. J.D. Jackson, Classical Relativity, Springer-Verlag, 1977.
5. J.G. Taylor, Special Theory of Relativity.
6. Naber, G. L. (2012). The geometry of Minkowski spacetime: An introduction to the mathematics
of the special theory of relativity (Vol. 92). Springer Science & Business Media.
MTH-615 Mathematical Concepts of 3(3-0) 60

Quantum Mechanics-I
Inadequacy of Classical Mechanics: Black body radiation, Photoelectric effect, Compton effect, Bohr’s
theory of atomic structure, Wave-particle duality, the de-Broglie postulate. The Uncertainty Principle:
Uncertainty of position and momentum, statement and proof of the uncertainty principle, Energy-time
uncertainty. Eigen values and Eigen functions, Operators and Eigen functions, Linear Operators, Operator
formalism in Quantum Mechanics, Orthonormal systems, Hermitian operators and their properties,
Simultaneous Eigen functions. Parity operators. Postulates of quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger wave
equation. Motion in one Dimension: Step potential, potential barrier, Potential well, and Harmonic oscillator.
Recommended Books:
1. J.G Taylor, Quantum Mechanics, George Allen and Unwin. 1970.
2. T.L Powell and B. Crasemann, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1961.
3. E. Merzdacker, Quantum Mechanics John Wiley and sons.
4. R.M. Eisberg, Fundamental of Modern Mechanics, John Willey and Sons
5. H. Muirhead, The Physics of Elementary Particles, Pergamon Press, 1965.
6. R. Dicke, R & J .P. Witke, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1960.
7. Galindo, A., & Pascual, P. (2012). Quantum mechanics I. Springer Science & Business Media.
MTH-617 Integral Equations 3(3-0) 60
Differential Equation: Second order ordinary differential equation, Linear integral equations of the first
kind and second kind. Relationship between differential equation and Volterra integral equation of first and
second kind.
Kinds & Kernels: Newmann series for the solution of the integral equations (first and second kind).
Fredholm integral equations of the first kind. Fredholm integral equation of the second kind with separable
Kernels. Degenerate kernels, Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Iterative scheme, Iterated kernels.
Methods: successive approximation, Quadrature methods. Least square methods, Homogeneous integral
equations of the second kind. Abel’s integral equations. Hilbert Schmidt theory of integral equations with
symmetric kernels, Solution of a symmetric integral equation, Regularization and filtering techniques,
Resolvent kernels, Approximation solution, Convolution integrals.
Recommended Books:
1. Baker, C. T. H. (1977). Integral Equation. Clarendon Press.
2. Smithies, F. (1989). Integral Equations. Cambridge University Press.
3. Muskhelishvili, N. I., & Radok, J. R. M. (2008). Singular integral equations: boundary problems of
function theory and their application to mathematical physics. Courier Corporation.
16
MTH-621 Advanced Group Theory-I 3(3-0) 60
Prerequisites: Elementry group Theory.

Outline:
Permutation group, Cayley's theorem The centralizer and the normalizer of a Group and their
properties, Finite presentation of a group, Simple groups, Direct and normal product of groups,
Automorphism, inner and outer automorphism of a group, Characteristics and fully invariant
groups, Commutator group and its properties, p- Group and its properties, Sylow's theorems and
their Applications.
Books Recommended:
1. P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra, 2nd
Ed. C.U.P. 1995.
2. Fraleigh J. B., A First course in Abstract Algebra (7th edition), Pearson Education 2003.
3. Gallian J. A., Contemporary Abstract Algebra (8th edition), Cengage Learning, India, 2013.
4. Khanna V. K., Bhambri S. K., A Course in Abstract Algebra (4th edition), Vikas publishing House,
India, 2006.
5. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons,
2004.
MTH-623 Cryptography 3(3-0) 60
Classic Ciphers and their analysis, Shanon’s Information theory, Public Key Cryptography (PKC), Discrete
Logarithm Problem (DLP), RSA Algorithm, Codes and cryptosystems
Detailed Contents:
• Classical Ciphers and their analysis: Suit-case problem, Introduction to Cryptography and its
applications, Advanced Topics in Number Theory (Solution of system of congruencies, Modular
Arithmetic), classical ciphers and their deciphering
• Shanon’s Information theory: Shanon’s theorem, Entropy, Redundancy and Unicity Distance,
Mutual Information and Unconditionally Secure Systems
• Public Key Cryptography(PKC): The Theoretical Model, Motivation and Set-up, Confidentiality,
Digital Signature, Confidentiality and Digital Signature
• Discrete Logarithm Based Systems: The Discrete Logarithm System, The Discrete Logarithm
Problem(DLP), ElGamal's Public-Key Cryptosystems, ElGamal's Signature Scheme, How to Take
Discrete Logarithms, Digital signature verification schemes
• RSA: The RSA System, Setting Up the System, RSA for Privacy, RSA for Signatures
• Coding Theory Based Systems: Introduction to coding theory, Repetition code and examples,
decoding, Error-detection codes and Error-correcting codes, Setting Up the System, Encryption and
Decryption
17
Recommended Book:
1. Henk C.A. van Tilborg, Fundamentals of Cryptology, Springer; 2000.
2. J. Katz, Y. Lindell, Introduction to Modern Cryptography, Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2007.
3. A. J. Menezes, P. C. van Oorschot, S. A. Vanstone, Handbook of Applied Cryptography, CRC
Press; 1st Edition, 1996.
4. S. Ling, C. Xing, Coding Theory: A First Course, Cambridge University Press, 2004.
MTH-625 Advanced Functional Analysis 3(3-0) 60
Hahn-Banach theorem. Adjoint operator. Uniform boundedness theorem. Weak convergence. Convergence
of sequence of operators. Open mapping theorem. Closed graph theorem. Banach fixed point theorem and
its applications. Spectral properties of bounded linear operators. Compact linear operators. Spectral
properties of compact linear operators.
Recommended Books:
1. J. B. Conway, A Course in Functional Analysis (2nd Ed.), Springer-Verlag, New York,
1990.
2. Y. Eidelman, V. Milman, and A. Tsolomitis, Functional Analysis: An Introduction,
American Mathematical Society, Providence, Rhode Island, 2004.
3. E. Kreyszig, Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications, John Wiley & Sons
Inc., New York, 1989.
4. P. D. Lax. Functional Analysis, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, 2002.
5. Oden, J. T., & Demkowicz, L. (2017). Applied functional analysis. Chapman
and Hall/CRC.
.
MTH-627 Advanced Topology 3(3-0) 60
General topology: topological spaces, continuous maps, connected spaces, compact spaces. Homotopy
theory: homotopy classes of maps, fundamental groups, Van Kampen's theorem, covering spaces,
classification of covering spaces. Elementary manifold theory: tangent vectors, derivative of maps,
transversality, Sard's theorem, differential forms, exterior derivative, de Rhamcohomology. Singular
homology theory: chain complex, relative homology, long exact sequence, excision, Mayer-Vietoris exact
sequence. Homology of manifold: co homology, cup and cap products, Poincare duality, Lefschetz fixed
point theorem.
Recommended Books:
1. A. Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press, 2002.
2. G.W. Whitehead, Elements of Homotopy Theory, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, vol. 61, Springer-
Verlarg Berlin, 1978..
18
3. E.R. Fadell, S.Y. Husseini, Geometry and Topology of Configuration Spaces,
Springer Monographs in Mathematics, Springer-Verlarg Berlin, 2001.
4. C. Adams and R. Franzosa. Introduction to topology: pure and applied, Prentice Hall, 2008.
5. J. Kelly, General Topology, Springer, 2005.
MTH-633 Continuous Groups 3(3-0) 60
Continuous Groups; Gl(n,r), Gl(n,c), So(p,q), Sp(2n); generalities on

Continuous Groups; Groups of isometrics; Introduction to Lie groups with special emphasis on matrix Lie
groups; Relationship of isometrics and Lie group; Theorem of Cartan; Correspondence of continuous groups
with Lie algebras; Classification of groups of low dimensions; Homogeneous spaces and orbit types;
Curvature of invariant metrics on Lie groups and homogeneous spaces.
Recommended Books:
1. Bredon, G.E, Introduction to compact Transformation groups Academic Press, (1972).
2. Eisenhart, L.P. Continuous Groups of Transformations (Priceton U.P.1933).
3. Farrell, R. H. (2012). Multivariate calculation: Use of the continuous groups.
Springer Science & Business Media.
4. HussainTaqdir. Introduction to Topological Groups. (W.B. Saunder’s Company,

1966).
5. Miller Willard, Jr., Symmetry groups and their application; (Academic Press-New
York and London 1972).
SEMESTER-IV
MTH-602 Numerical Analysis-II 3(3-0) 60
Numerical Differentiation: Forward, backward and central difference formulae,

Numerical Integration: Trapezoidal, Simpson and Gaussian quadrature using a system of orthogonal
polynomials (Legendre and Laguere polynomials).
Difference Equations: Formulation of difference equations, solution of linear (homogeneous and non-
homogeneous) difference equations with constant coefficients.
Numerical Solutions of Initial Value Problems: Picard’s method, Euler method, Modified Euler method,
Improved Euler method, Predictor-corrector type methods for solving initial value problems along with
convergence and instability criteria.
Recommended Books:
1. C.F. Gerald and P.O. Wheatley, Applied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, Singapore, 2005.
2. R. L. Burden and J.D. Faires: Numerical Analysis, latest Edition, PWS Pub. Co.
3. J.H. Mathews, Numerical Methods for Mathematics, latest Edition, Prentice Hall International.
19
4. S. C. Chapra and R. P. Canale: Numerical Methods for Engineers, 6th edition, McGraw Hill.
5. Iserles, A. (2009). A first course in the numerical analysis of differential equations (No. 44).
Cambridge university press.

MTH-604 Computing Tools For Mathematics 3(2-1) 60
The contents of the course are not fixed; however, the following points should be kept in mind while
teaching the course. The purpose of this course is to teach students the use of mathematical software like
MATLAB, MAPLE, MATHEMATICA for solving computationally-difficult problems in mathematics. The
student shall become well versed in using at least one mathematical software and shall learn a number of
techniques that are useful in calculus as well as in other areas of mathematics. The course should be taught in
a computer lab setting. Besides learning to use the software, the students must be able to utilize the software
to solve computationally difficult problems in calculus and other areas of mathematics. At the end of the
course, the students should have a good command on at least two of the three programs mentioned above.
Note: The software to teach for affiliated colleges is Mathemtica to avoid inconvenience in final
examination.
Recommended Books:
1. Etter DM, Kuncicky D, Hull D, Introduction to MATLAB 6, 2001, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs,
NJ, USA.
2. Garvan F, The Maple Book, 2002, Chapman & Hall/CRC.
3. Kaufmann S, Mathematica As a Tool: An Introduction with Practical Examples, 1994, Springer,
New York.
4. Monaghan, J., Trouche, L., & Borwein, J. M. (2016). Tools and mathematics. Berlin: Springer
International Publishing.
MTH-606 Mathematical Statistics 3(3-0) 60
Probability Distributions and Probability Densities: Probability distribution, Continuous Random

Variables, Probability Density Functions, Multivariate Distributions, Marginal Distributions, Conditional
Distributions
Mathematical Expectations: The Expected Value of a Random Variable, Moments, Chebyshev’s Theorem,
Moment-Generating Functions, Product Moments, Moments of Linear Combinations of Random Variables,
Conditional Expectations
Special Probability Distributions: Distributions of the Discrete Uniform, Bernoulli, Binomial, Negative
Binomial, Geometric, Poisson, Multinomial, and Hyper geometric
Special Probability Densities: Distributions of Uniform, Exponential, Gamma, Beta, and Normal
Functions of Random Variables: Distribution Function Technique, Transformation Techniques of One-
and Several, Moment-Generating Function Technique
Sampling Distributions: The distribution of the Mean, The Chi-Square Distribution, The t-Distribution, The
f-Distribution, Estimation of Means, Estimations of Proportions, Estimation of Variance, Testing of
Statistical Hypothesis Concerning Means, Proportions, and Variances
20
Recommended Books:
1. Mood, A.M. Graybill, F.A. Boes, D.C. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, (2nd Edition),
McGraw-Hill Book Company New York, 1986.
2. Degroot, M.H. Probability and Statistics, (2nd Edition) Addison Wesley Company New York 1986.
3. Walpole-Myers. Myers. Ye Probability and Statistics (7th Edition)
4. M. H Degroot,. Probability and Statistics, (2nd Edition), Addison-Wesle Publishing Company, USA,
1986.
5. K.V. Mardia, Kent, J.T. Bibby, J.M. Multivariate Analysis. Academic Press New York, 1979.
6. Allen. T Craig, Robert V. Hogg, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics, (5th edition) publish by
Pearson education Singapore (Pvt) Ltd.
7. Miller, I. and Miller, M. (1997). Mathematical Statistics. Prentice-Hall.
8. Seymour, L. and John, J. S. (2011). Introduction to Probability and Statistics. McGraw-Hill
MTH-608 Theory of Optimization 3(3-0) 60
Introduction to optimization. Relative and absolute extreme. Convex. Concave and unimodal functions.
Constants. Mathematical programming problems.
Optimization of one, two and several variables functions and necessary and sufficient conditions for their
optima. Direct substitution method and Lagrange multiplier method, necessary and sufficient conditions for
an equality-constrained optimum with bounded independent variables. Inequality constraints and Lagrange
multipliers. Kuhn- Tucker Theorem. Multidimensional optimization by Gradient method. Convex and
concave programming, Calculus of variation and Euler Language equations, Functions depending on several
independent variables. Variational problems in parametric form. Generalized mathematical formulation of
dynamics programming. Non-Linear continuous models, Dynamics programming and Variational calculus.
Control theory.
Recommended Books:
1. Gotfried B.S and Weisman, J. Introduction to Optimization Theory (Prentice-Inc. New Jersey,
1973).
2. Elsgolts. L. Differential Equations and the Calculus of Variations (Mir Publishers- Moscow,
1970).
3. Wismer D.A and Chattergy R. Introduction to Nonlinear Optimization (North -Holland, New
York, 1978).
4. Intriligator M.D. Mathematical Optimization and Economic Theory (Prentice-Hall, Inc, New
Jersey, 1971).
5. Rao, S. S. (2009). Engineering optimization: theory and practice. John Wiley & Sons.
MTH-408 Combinatorics 3(3-0) 60
To basic counting principles, Permutations, Combinations. The injective and bijective principles,
Arrangements and selections with repetitions. Graphs in Combinatorics. The Binomial theorem,
combinatorial identities. Properties of binomial coefficients, Multinomial coefficients, The multinomial
theorem. The Pigeonhole principle, Examples, Ramsay numbers, The principle of inclusion and exclusion,
Generalization. Integer solutions. Surjective mapping, Stirling numbers of the second kind, The Sieve of
Eratostheries, Euler φ-function, The Problem des Manages. Ordinary Generating Functions, Modeling
21
problems. Partition of integers, Exponential generating functions. Linear homogeneous recurrence relations,
Algebraic solutions of linear recurrence relations and constant functions, The method of generating
functions, A non-linear recurrence relation and Catalpa numbers
Recommended Books:
1. A Tucker, Applied Combinatorics, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2nd Edition, 1985.
2. C.C. Chen and K.M.Koh, Principles and Techniques in Combinatorics, World Scientific
Pub. Co. Pte. Ltd, Singapore. 1992.
3. V.K. Balakrishnan, Theory and Problems of Combunatorics, Schaum’s Outline Series,
MeGraw-Hill International Edition, Singapore, 1995.
4. A. Rehman, S. Mubeen M. Imran, Theory of Combinatorics with Applications.
Allied Book Center, Lahore, 2021
5. C.L. Liu, Introduction to Combinatorial Mathematics, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
6. J.H. Van Ling & R.M. Wilson, A course on Combinatorics, 2nd Edition, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, 2001.
7. Flajolet, P., & Sedgewick, R. (2009). Analytic combinatorics. Cambridge University Press.
MTH-610 Fluid Mechanics-II 3(3-0) 60
Vortex motion, Line Vortex, Vortex row Image System, Kelvin’s minimum energy theorem, Uniqueness
theorem, Fluid streaming past a circular cylinder, Irrational motion produced by a vortex filament. The
Helmholtz vorticity equation, Karman’s vortex-street. Constitutive equations; Navier- Stoke’s equations;
Exact solution of Navier-Stoke’s equations; Steady unidirectional flow; Poiseuille flow; Couette flow;
Unsteady unidirectional flow, Sudden motion of a plane boundary in a fluid at rest; Flow due to an
oscillatory boundary; Equations of motion relative to a rotating system; Ekman flow; Dynamical similarity
of turbulent motion.
Recommended Books:
1. L.D. Landan & E. M. Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics, Pergamon Press, 1966.
2. Batchelor, G.K. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, 1969.
3. Walter Jaunzemis, Continuum Mechanics, McMillan Company, 1967.
4. Milne-Thomas, Theoretical Hydrodynamics, McMillan Company, 1967.
5. D. J Tritton, Physical Fluid Dynamics, 2nd Edition Oxford.
6. Morrison, F. A. (2013). An introduction to fluid mechanics. Cambridge University Press.
MTH-612 Modeling and Simulation 3(3-0) 60
Concepts of model, modeling and simulation, functions, linear equations, linear-differential equations,
nonlinear-differential equations and integral equations as models, introduction to simulation techniques
Ordinary-Differential Equations: Modeling with first order differential equations: Newton’s law of
cooling; radioactive decay; motion in a gravitational field; population growth; mixing problem; Newtonian
mechanics. Modeling with second order differential equations: vibrations; application to biological systems;
22
modeling with periodic or impulse, forcing functions. Modeling with systems of first order differential
equations; competitive hunter model; predator-prey model.
Partial-Differential Equations: Methodology of mathematical modeling; objective, background,
approximation and idealization, model validation, compounding. Modeling wave phenomena (wave
equation); shallow water waves, uniform transmission line, traffic flow, RC circuits. Modeling the heat
equation and some application to heat conduction problems in rods, lamina, cylinders etc. Modeling the
potential equation (Laplace equation), applications in fluid mechanics, gravitational problems. Equation of
continuity.
Simulation: Techniques of simulation (students are required to simulate at least one system)
Recommended Books:
1. Giordano FR, Weir MD, Differential Equations: A Modeling Approach, 1994, Addison-
Wesley, Reading, Ma, USA
2. Jerri AJ, Introduction to Integral Equations with Applications, 1985, Marcel Dekker, New
York
3. Myint UT, Debnath L, Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers
rd
(3 Edition), 1987, North Holland, Amsterdam
4. Fritzson, P. (2010). Principles of object-oriented modeling and simulation with Modelica
2.1. John Wiley & Sons.
MTH-614 Special Functions 3(3-0) 60
The Gamma function: definition, relations satisfied by Gamma function, Euler’s constant, the order symbols
o and O, asymptotic representation of the Gamma function for large O(Z), Beta function; Tye-
Hypergeometric function, the function F(a,b;c;z) and F(a,b;c;I), the hypergeometric differential equation,
simple transformations, a theorem due to Kummer, orthogonal polynomials, simple sets of polynomials,
orthogonality, the three term recurrence relation, the Christofell-Darboux formula, normalization, Bessel’s
inequality, Legendere Polynomials, generating function, differential equation, the Rodrigues formula,
recurrence relations, hypergeometric form of Pn(x), Some bounds on Pn(x), orthogonality, Hermite
Polynomials, definition of Hn(x), recurrence relations, the Rodringues formula, the Hermite polynomials as 2
Fo , orthogonality, Laguerre Polynomials, The polynomial Ln(x), generating functions, Rodrigues formula,
the differential equation, orthogonality.
Recommended Books:
1. Rainville, E.D., Special Functions. 2nd Ed. Chelsea Publishing Co. 1971
2. Lebedev, N.N., Special Functions and their Applications. 2nd Ed. Prentice Hall,
1972.
3. Whittaker & Watson. A Course in Modern analysis. 2nd Ed. Cambridge
University Press, 1978.
4. Mathai, A. M., & Haubold, H. J. (2008). Special functions for applied scientists.
New York:Springer Science+ Business Media.
MTH-616 Theory of Elasticity 3(3-0) 60
23
Cartesian tensors, Analysis of stress and strain, Generalized Hooke’s law; crystalline structure, Point groups
of crystals, Reduction in the number of elastic moduli due to crystal symmetry; Equations of equilibrium;
Boundary conditions, compatibility equations; Plane stress and plane strain problems; Two dimensional
problems in rectangular and polar co-ordinates; torsion of rods and beams.
Recommended Books:
1. S. P. Timoshenko and J.N. Goodier, Theory of Elasticity, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company,
1970, 1987.
2. P. Boresi and K. P. Chong, Elasticity iri Engineering Mechanics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons,
2000.
3. A.C. Ugural and S.K. Fenster, Advanced Strength and Applied Elasticity, 2nd Edition Elsevier
Science Publishing Co., Inc., 1987.
4. Adel S. Saada, Elasticity: Theory and Applications, Second Edition, Krieger Publishing, Malabar,
Florida, 1993.
5. Abdel-Rahman Ragab & Salah EldinBayoumi, Engineering Solid Mechanics: Fundamentals and
Applications, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1999.
6. Love, A. E. H. (2013). A treatise on the mathematical theory of elasticity. Cambridge university
press.
MTH-618 Mathematical Concepts of 3(3-0) 60

Quantum Mechanics-II
Motion in three dimensions, angular momentum, commutation relations between components of angular
momentum, and their representation in spherical polar coordinates, simultaneous Eigen functions of Lz and
L2, Spherically symmetric potential and the hydrogen atom. Scattering Theory: The scattering cross-section,
scattering amplitude, scattering equation, Born approximation, partial wave analysis. Perturbation Theory:
Time independent perturbation of non-degenerate and degenerate cases. Time-dependent perturbations.
Identical Particle: Symmetric and anti-symmetric Eigen function, The Pauli exclusion principle.
Recommended Books:
1. J.G Taylor, Quantum Mechanics, George Allen and Unwin, 1970.
2. T.L Powell and B. Crasemann, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1961.
3. E. Merzdacker, Quantum Mechanics John Wiley and Sons.
4. R.M. Eisberg, Fundamental of Modern Mechanics, John Willey and Sons
5. H. Muirhead, The Physics of Elementary Particles, Pergamon Press, 1965.
6. R. Dicke, R & J .P. Witke, Quantum Mechanics, Addison Wesley, 1960.
7. Gustafson, S. J., & Sigal, I. M. (2011). Mathematical concepts of quantum mechanics. Springer
Science & Business Media.
MTH-622 Advanced Group Theory-II 3(3-0) 60
Prerequisites: Elementary group Theory.

Outline:
• Series in group, upper and lower central series, Butterfly lemma, Schreier refinement theorem,
Jordan Holder Theorem, Solvable groups definition and examples, Theorems on solvable groups,
Nilpotent groups, characterization of finite nilpotent groups, Free groups and their basic theorems,
24
Definition and examples of free products of groups, Definition of action of a group and examples ,
orbit and stabilizer, transitive and intransitive action, Regular action and basic theorems. Linear
groups and types of linear groups.
Recommended Books:
1. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2004.
2. Derek John, Scott Robinson, A Course in the Theory of Groups, Springer, 1996.
3. MacDonald, The Theory of Groups, Oxford University Press, 1968.
4. P.M. Cohn, Classic Algebra, London: John Wiley, 2000.
5. D. Burton, Abstract and Linear Algebra, Addison-Wesley publishing Co, 1987.
6. P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul, Basic Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed.C.U.P. 1995.
7. V. J Khanna, S.K Bhambri, A course in Abstract Algebra,
8. Robinson, D. J. (2012). A Course in the Theory of Groups (Vol. 80). Springer Science & Business
Media.
MTH-624 Measure Theory 3(3-0) 60
Introduction, outer measure, Measurable sets and Lebesgue measure. A non-measurable set. Measurable
function, the Lebesgue integral and the Riemann integral, the Lebesgue integral of a bounded function over a
set of finite measure, The integral of a non-negative function. The general Lebesgue integral. Convergence in
measure.
Recommended Books:
1. G. B. Folland, (2013). Real analysis: modern techniques and their applications. John Wiley & Sons.
2. R. L. Wheeden, A. Zygmund (2015). Measure and integral: an introduction to real Analysis (Vol.
308). CRC Press.
3. P.R. Halmos, Naïve Set Theory, New York, Van Nostrand.
4. B. Rotman& G.T. Kneebone, The Theory of Sets and Transfinite Numbers, Old bourne London.
MTH-626 Advanced Complex Analysis 3(3-0) 60
Mobius transforms, Conformal mappings and transformations. Hadamard's three circles theorem, Phragmen-
Lindeloftheorem. The space of continuous functions C(G,Ω ), spaces of analytic functions, Huwitz'sthorem,
Montel's theorem, spaces of meromorphic functions, Riemann mapping theorem, Weiersirass' factorization
theorem, factorization of the sine function, the gamma function, the Riemann zeta function, the Riemann
functional equation, Runge's theorem, simply connected regions, Mittag-Leffler's theorem Harmonic
functions, maximum and minimum principles, harmonic functions on a disk, Harnack's theorem, sub-
harmonic and super-harmonic functions, maximum and minimum principles, Dirichlet problem, Green's
function.
Recommended Books:
1. J. B. Conway, Functions of one Complex Variables, Springer, 2002.
2. D. C. Ullrich, Complex Made Simple, American Mathematical Society, 2008.
25
3. W. Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, MacGrawHill, 1987.
4. E. Hille, Analytic functions theory, Chelsea AMS, 2002.
MTH-634 Rings and Fields 3(3-0) 60
Rings: Basic Definitions and Examples of Rings, Ring Homomorphism, Ring of Fractions, Quotient Rings,
Definitions of Ideals, Prime Ideals, Maximal Ideals, The Chinese Remainder Theorem, Euclidean Domains,
Principal Ideal Domains, Unique Factorization Domains, Polynomial Rings, Polynomial Rings Over Fields
Modules: Basic Definitions and Examples of Modules, Modules Homomorphism, Quotient Modules, Direct
Sums
Fields: Definition and examples of Fields, Finite Fields, Extension fields, Algebraic and transcendental
elements, simple extension, Introduction to Galois theory.
Recommended Books:
1. Hartley, B. and Hawkes, T.O. Rings, Modules and Linear Algebra, Chapman and Hall, 1980.
2. Herstein, I.N. Topics in Algebra, John Wiley and Sons, 1975.
3. Blyth, T.S., Module theory, Oxford University Press, 1977.
4. Adamson, J. Rings and Modules.
5. Dummit, D. and Foote. R. (2004). Abstract Algebra. John Wiley & Sons.
6. Fraleigh, B. (1967).A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Pearson Education
MTH-636 Operator Theory 3(3-0) 60
Spectral Theory of Linear operators in Normal spaces: Spectral theory in finite dimensional normed
spaces. Basic concepts. Spectral properties of bounded liner operators. Further properties of resolvent and
spectrum. Use of complex analysis in spectral theory. Basic algebras. Further properties of Banach algebra.
Compact linear Operators on Normed Spaces and their Spectrum: Compact linear operators on normed
spaces. Further properties of compact linear operators. Special properties of compact liner operators on
normed spaces.
Spectral Theory of Bounded Self-Adjoint Operators linear operators: Spectral properties. Operations of
bounded self adjoint linear operators. Positive operators. Square roots of positive operators. Projection
operators.
Recommended Books:
1. Kreyszig, E. (1989). Introductory Functional Analysis with Applications. USA, John Wiley.
2. Nachbin, L. (1981). Introduction to functional Analysis: Branch Spaces and Differential
Calculus. USA, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
3. Zhu, K. (2007). Operator theory in function spaces (No. 138). American Mathematical Soc.
26

2022 BS 5th Mathematics Scheme of Studies

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Curriculum and Syllabus of BS Mathematics

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

Course Contents for BS (Mathematics)

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-501 Real Analysis-I 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-503 Complex Analysis-I 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-505 Algebra-I 3(3-0) 60

Prerequisites: Knowledge of Sets, Relations and Functions.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-507 Vector and Tensor 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-509 Point Set Topology 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-511 Differential Geometry 3(3-0) 60

1. A. Goetz, Introduction to Differential Geometry Addison- Wesley. 1970

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-303 Discrete Mathematics 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

PHY-322 Fundamentals of Electricity and Magnetism 3(2-1) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-502 Real Analysis II 3(3-0) 60

The Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals: Definition and existence of integrals. Properties of

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-504 Complex Analysis II 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-506 Algebra-II 3(3-0) 60

Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of elementary group theory.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-508 Mechanics 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-510 Functional Analysis 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-512 Mathematical Methods 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

2. M. A. Armstrong, Groups and Symmetry, Springer, 1998.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-601 Numerical Analysis-I 3(3-0) 60

Error analysis: Floating point arithmetic, approximations and errors.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-603 Partial Differential Equations 3(3-0) 60

4. J. Wloka, Partial Differential Equations, Cambridge University press, 1987.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-605 Advanced Set Theory 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-407 Number Theory 3(3-0) 60

Preliminaries: Well-ordering principle. Principle of finite induction.

1. D.M. Burton, Elementary Number Theory, McGraw-Hill, 2007.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-607 Algebraic Number Theory 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-609 Fluid Mechanics-I 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-611 Operational Research 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-613 Special Theory of Relativity 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-615 Mathematical Concepts of 3(3-0) 60

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks

MTH-617 Integral Equations 3(3-0) 60

MTH-621 Advanced Group Theory-I 3(3-0) 60

Prerequisites: Elementry group Theory.

Course Number Title Credit Hours Marks