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An undergraduate dissertation
submitted to the Council of College of Dentistry at the University of Baghdad in
.partial fulfilment of the requirements for B.D.S degree
By
Supervised by
Dr.Ghazwan Adnan
B.D.S., M.Sc., Ph.D. Prosthodontics
First and foremost, I would like to express my utmost gratitude to Allah for
giving me the strength, endurance and patience to achieve this project.
My sincere thanks go to assist Prof. Dr. Nada Jafer MH. Radhi, Dean of
College of Dentistry / University of Baghdad, for his great support.
Modern dentistry appeared in the XXth century with the possibility to replace a missing
.tooth and the first bridges appeared at that time
During the 1950s, some authors have proposed gold or nickel-chrome grids and intra-
osseous needles inserted in the maxillary bone cortex. Secondarily these devices
received the prosthesis to correct tooth loss (Fig. 1). However, a secondary infection was
frequently observed associated with alveolar bone resorption requiring the withdrawal
.of these devices after a very short time period
Reference :