1.

Here, the given null and alternative hypotheses are.

𝐻0 : µ = 50
𝐻1 : µ ≠ 50
Also, it is given that the sample mean is 𝑋̅= 49 and the sample size is n = 36
Here,
The population standard deviation is σ = 5
Given level of significance is a α = 0.05
a)
From the alternative hypothesis we can say that the given test is a two-tailed test as it contains
the not-equal symbol.
b)
Since this is a two-tailed test, from the table for the normal distribution, we obtain a critical value
at 0.05 level of significance as 1.96. This can be shown in the graph as follows:

Hence the decision rule rejects 𝐻0 when z does not fall in the region between -1.96 to 1.96.
c)
Here we need to find the test statistics value for the given test.
To test the null hypothesis the test statistics id given by,
Here we use z-test statistics since the population standard deviation is known.
Substitute the values we get the value as
49−50
z= 5√36

= -1.2
d)
Since, the calculated test statistics value -1.2 does not fall in the rejection region. we fail to reject
the null hypothesis at the given level of significance.
e)
Compute the p- value of the test statistics.
Using the table for the normal distribution we find the p-value for z = -1.2
p = P(Z<-1.2) + P(Z>1.2)
= 2(0.5- P(Z<1.2))
= 2(0.5-0.3849)
p = 0.2302
There is a 23.02% chance of finding a z value this large when H, is true
2.

The null and alternative hypotheses are:

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 10
𝐻1 : µ > 10.
The level of significance is α = 0.01
Since the population standard deviation is known the z statistic will be used

here 𝑋=12 is the sample mean. u =10 is the population mean under the null hy pothesis.
σ = 3 is the population standard deviation, and n= 36 is the sample size.
Determine the critical value.
This test will be one-tailed since the altenate hypothesis is u>10 as opposed to u≠10. Using the
nomal distribution table the critical value of z for α = 0.01 is 2.326. Thus, the critical value is
2.326 since the inequality in the alternate hypothesis points to the right.
Thus, the decision rule is: If z > 2.326, reject the null hypothesis. Otherwise, do not reject the
null hypothesis.
The computed value of z is.
𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
12−10
= 3/
√36
=4
Thus, z exceeds the critical value of 2.326 Therefore. there is a sufficient evidence to reject the
null hypothesis.
3.
(a) This is a one-tailed test
(b) Using the table for the normal distribution, we obtain a critical value for the 0.05 level of
significance, it is 1.65. Hence. we reject 𝐻0 , when z >1.65.

(c) The value of the test statistic is

𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
21−20
= 5/
√36
= 1.2
(d) Because 1.2 does not fall in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is not rejected.
(e) Using the table for the normal distribution, find the p-value for z =1.2
p = P(Z>1.2)
= 0.5 – P (Z <1.2)
= 0.5 - 0.3849
p = 0.1151
There is a 11.51% chance of finding a z-value this large or larger when 𝐻0 is true.
4.
(a) This is a one-tailed test
(b) Using the table for the normal distribution. we obtain a critical value for the 0.03 level of
significance,
it is 1.89. Hence, we reject 𝐻0 , when z < -1.89

(c) The value of the test statistic

𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
215−220
= 15/ √64
= -2.67
(d) Because -2.67 falls in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is rejected.

(e) Using the table for the normal distribution, find the p-value for z =-2.67
p= P(Z<-267)
= 0.5- P (Z< 2.67)
= 0.5 -0.4962
p = 0.0038
There is a 0.38% chance of finding a z-value this small or smaller when 𝐻0 , is true.
5.
(a) State the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis.
𝐻0 : µ = 60000
𝐻1 : µ ≠ 60000
(b) Since this is a two-tailed test half of 0.0s, or 0.025, Is placed in each tail Using the table for
the normal distribution, we obtain a critical value for the 0.05 level of significance, it is 1.96
Hence, we reject 𝐻0 . when z does not fall in the region between -1.96 and 1.96
(c) The value of the test statistic.
𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
59600−60000
= 5000/ √48
= -0.69
(d) Because -0.69 does not fall in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is not rejected.
(e) Using the table for the normal distribution, find the p-value for z = -0.69
p = P(Z<-0.69) + P(Z>0.69)
= 2(0.5 - P (Z <0.69)
=2(0.5-0.2549)
p =0.4902
The p-value is large. There is a 49.02% chance of finding a z-value more extreme than this when
𝐻0 𝑖𝑠 true. We conclude that there is no evidence that experience is different from that claimed
by the manufacturer.

6.
a. 𝐻0 : µ ≥ 3
𝐻1 : µ < 3.
b. Reject 𝐻0 if z<-1.65
2.75−3.0
C. -1.77, found by z =
1/√50

d. Reject 𝐻0
e. p = 0 0384, found by (0.5000 -0 4616). We conclude that the mean waiting time is less than
three minutes. When Ho is true the probability of obtaining a value smaller than -1.77 is 0.0384.

8.
(a) State the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis.
𝐻0 : µ ≤ 80, 𝐻1 : µ > 80.
(b) This is a one-tailed test. Using the table for the normal distribution we obtain a critical value
for the 0.01 level of significance, it is 2.33 Hence, we reject H if z > 2.33
(c) The value of the test statistic
𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
84.85−80
= 3.24/
√35
= 8.86
(d) Because 8.86 falls in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is rejected.
e) Note that the z-value is rather large. Using the table for the normal distribution we conclude
that p = 0 There is virtually no chance of finding a z-value this large or larger when 𝐻0 is true.
The p-value is small. We conclude that there is evidence that Beth Brigden is earning an average
of more than $80 in tips.
9.
(a) This is a one-tailed test Using the table for the t-distribution, we obtain a critical value for the
0.05 level of significance and for 10-1=9 degrees of freedom, it is 1.833 Hence, we reject 𝐻0 .
When, t>1.833
(b) The value of the test statistic
𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
12−10
= 3/
√10
= 2.108
(c) Because the computed t of 2.108 lies in the area to the right of 1.833. Hence, we rejected H.
10.
(a) Since this is a two-tailed test, half of 0.01, or 0.005, is placed in each tail Using the table for
the t-distribution, we obtain a critical value for the 0.01 level of significance and for 12-1=11
degrees of freedom. it is 3.106. Hence, we reject H when t does not fall in the region between
-3.106 and 3.106.

b) We have to compute the value of the test statistic

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
407−400
= 6/ √12
= 4.041
(c) Because 4.041 falls in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is rejected.
11.
𝐻0 : µ ≤ 40
𝐻1 : µ > 40
Reject 𝐻0 if t 𝑡 > 1.703
42−40
t = 2.1 = 5.040
( )
√28
12.
State the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis
𝐻0 : µ ≥ 42.3
𝐻1 : µ < 42.3
This is a one-tailed test. Using the table for the t distribution, we obtain a critical value for the
0.10 level of significance and for 24-1= 23 degrees of freedom. It is 1.319 Hence we reject 𝐻0 if
t <-1.319
The value of the test statistic is
𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
40.6−42.3
= 2.7/ √24
= -3.085
Because -3.085 falls in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is rejected and we conclude that there is evidence
that the assembly time using the new method is faster.

13.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 40,000
𝐻1 : µ > 40,000
Reject 𝐻0 if t 𝑡 > 1.833
50000−40000
t= 10000 = 3.16
( )
√10

Reject 𝐻0 and conclude that the mean income in Wilmington is greater than $40,000.

14.
(a) The assumption that the population is normal is needed.

(c) State the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 15
𝐻1 : µ < 15
This is a one-tailed test. Using the table for the t distribution, we obtain a critical value for the
0.05 level of significance and for 20-1 = 19 degrees of freedom, it is 1.729. Hence, we reject 𝐻0 ,
If t <-1.729.
We need to calculate the mean and the standard deviation of the sample
14+⋯+13
𝑋= 20

=13.5 mm

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 1.504
The value of the test statistic is
𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
13.5−15
=
1.504/ √20
= -4.46
Because -4.460 falls in the rejection region. 𝐻0 is rejected and we conclude that there is evidence
that the mean number of complaints per airport is less than 15 per month.
15.
(a) Using the table of the t-distribution with 5 - 1 = 4 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.01
of a one-tailed test we find that the value of t is 3.747. We will reject the null hypothesis if the
value of the test statistic is less than -3.747.
(b) At first, find the sample mean and standard deviation
18+⋯+21
𝑋= 5

= 17

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 3.5355
The test statistic is
𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
17−20
=
3.5355/ √5
= -1.897
(c) Since -1.897>-3.747. We cannot reject the null hypothesis. There is no evidence that the
population mean is less than 20.
(d) Using the table of the t-distribution with 4 degrees of freedom for a one tailed test. We find
that the values of t for probabilities 0.1 and 0.05 are 1.533 and 2.132 respectively Since the value
of the test statistic is between these two values, the P-value is between 0.05 and 0.1. The
software gives the exact value 0.0653.
16.
(a) Using the table of the t-distribution with 6 - 1 = 5 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.05
of a two-tailed test we find that the value of t is 2.571. We will reject the null hypothesis if the
value of the test statistic is less than -2.571 or more than 2.571.
(b) At first find the sample mean and standard deviation
118+⋯+111
𝑋= 6

= 111.6667

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 6.0553
The test statistic is
𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
111.6667−100
= 6.0553/ √6
= 4.719
(c) Since 4.719 > 2. 571.We reject the null hypothesis. There is evidence that the population
mean is not 100.
(d) Using the table of the t-distribution with 5 degrees of freedom for a two tailed test, we find
that the values of t for probabilities 0.01 and 0.001 are 4.032 and 6.869 respectively. Since the
value of the test statistic is between these two values. the P-value is between 0.01 and 0.001. The
software gives the exact value 0.0052.
17.
𝐻0 : µ ≤ 1.4
𝐻1 : µ > 1.4
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑡 > 2.821

1.6−1.4
t= 0.216 = 2.93
( )
√10
Reject 𝐻0 and conclude that the drug has increased the amount of urine. The p-value is between
0 01 and 0.005. There is a slight probability (between one chance in 100 and one chance in 200)
this rise could have arisen by chance.
18.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 2160
𝐻1 : µ > 2160
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑡 > 2.306

2172.44−2160
t= 9.3823 = 3.98
( )
√9
Reject 𝐻0 . The mean chlorine shelf life has increased. The p-value is less than 0.005.

19.
𝐻0 : µ ≤ 50
𝐻1 : µ > 50
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑡 > 1.796

82.5−50
t= 59.5 = 1.89
( )
√12

Reject 𝐻0 and conclude that the mean number of text messages is greater than 50. The p-value is
less than 0.05. There is a slight probability (less than one chance in 20) this could happen by
chance.

20.
𝐻0 : µ ≤ 53
𝐻1 : µ > 53
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑡 > 1.761

56.4−53
t= 3.7378 = 3.52
( )
√15

Reject 𝐻0 and conclude that the mean number of text messages is greater than 53. The p-value is
less than 0.005.
21.

(a) The test is about the population proportion. Verify that both n𝜋 and n (1-𝜋) are at least 5
n𝜋 = 100(0.7)
= 70
n (1-𝜋) =100 (1– 0.7)
= 100 (0.3)
= 30
Thus, the normal distribution can be used as an approximation of the binomial distribution.
Using the table of the normal distribution, we find that the value of z that corresponds to the one-
tailed probability 0.05 is 1.645. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the test statistic
is more than 1.645.
(b) The test statistic is
𝑝−𝜋
z= 𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛
0.75−0.7
= 0.7 (1−0.7)
√
100
=1.09

(c) Since 1.09 <1.645 we cannot reject the null hypothesis. There is no evidence that the true
proportion is greater than 0.7.
23.
Here we take a sample of 300 cars travelling southbound on New Jersey Turnpike and observed
170 were driven by men
The National Safety Council reports that 52% of American tumpike drivers are men
That means, we have X =170, n = 300, and 𝜋 = 0.52
According to the problem, we state the null and alternative hypotheses es as follows
𝐻0 :𝜋 ≤ 0.52 (There is no evidence to state that a large proportion of men were driving on New
Jersey Tumpike than the national Statistics indicate.)
Versus
𝐻1 : 𝜋 > 0.52 (There is an evidence to state that a large proportion of men were driving on New
Jersey Tumpike than the national Statistics indicate)
The test is about the population proportion.
Verify that both n𝜋 and n (1- 𝜋) are at least 5.
n𝜋 = 300 (0.52)
= 156
n (1- 𝜋) = 300 (1-0.52)
= 144
Thus, the normal distribution can be used as an approximation of the binomial distribution.

Using the table of the normal distribution, we find that the value of z that corresponds to the one-
tailed probability 0.01 as 2.33. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the test statistic
is more than 2.33

The sample proportion is

𝑋
p= 𝑛
170
= 300
=0.5667

The test statistic is

𝑝−𝜋
z= 𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛
0.5667−0.52
= 0.52 (1−0.52)
√
300

=1.62

As 1.62 < 2.33. So, we cannot reject the null hypothesis.

Therefore, there is no evidence to conclude that a larger proportion of men were driving on the
New Jersey Turnpike than National statistics indicate.

24.
𝐻0 :𝜋 ≤ 0.33
𝐻1 : 𝜋 > 0.33

Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑧 > 2.05

𝑝−𝜋
z=
𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛
 0.40−0.3333
= 0.3333 (1−0.3333)
√
200

=2.00
𝐻0 is not rejected. The proportion of students with jobs is not longer at the school.

25.
The null and alternative hypotheses are

𝐻0 :𝜋 ≥ 0.9
𝐻1 : 𝜋 < 0.9

The test is about the population proportion. Verify that both n𝜋 and n (1- 𝜋) are at least 5.
n𝜋 = 100 (0.9)
= 90
n (1- 𝜋) = 100 (1- 0.9)
= 10

Using the table of the normal distribution, we find that the value of z that corresponds to the one-
tailed probability 0.10 is 1.28. We will reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic is less than
-1.28
The sample proportion is

𝑋
p= 𝑛
82
= 100
=0.82

The test statistic is

𝑝−𝜋
z= 𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛
0.82−0.9
= 0.9 (1−0.9)
√
100

=-2.67

Since -2.67 <-1.29. We reject the null hypothesis.

26.
The null and alternative hypotheses are

𝐻0 :𝜋 ≥ 0.5
𝐻1 : 𝜋 < 0.5

The test is about the population proportion. Verify that both n𝜋 and n (1- 𝜋) are at least 5.
n𝜋 = 100 (0.5)
= 50
n (1- 𝜋) = 100 (1- 0.5)
= 50

Using the table of the normal distribution, we find that the value of z that corresponds to the one-
tailed probability 0.05 is 1.65. We will reject the null hypothesis if the test statistic is less than
-1.65
The sample proportion is

𝑋
p= 𝑛
48
= 100
=0.48

The test statistic is

𝑝−𝜋
z= 𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛
0.48−0.5
= 0.5 (1−0.5)
√
100

=-0.4

Since -0.4 >-1.65. We reject the null hypothesis.

27.

1.05, found by z = ( 9922 – 9880) / 400/√100

Then, 0.5000 – 0.3531 = 0.1469 , which is the probability of a type 2 error.

28.
-0.45 found by z = (9922-9940) / 400 / √100
Then, 0.1736– 0.5000 = 0. , which is the probability of a type 2 error.
30.
The null and alternative hypotheses are
𝐻0 : µ ≥ 50
𝐻1 : µ < 50
Since, the variance of the population is known; we should use the z-statistic. Using the table of
the normal distribution we find that the value of z that corresponds to the one-tailed probability
0.01 is 2.33. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the test statistic is less than -2.33.

The sample mean is

45.6+⋯+48.5
𝑋= 10

= 48.18

The test statistic is

𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
48.18−50
= 3/ √10
= -1.92

Since -1.92> -2.33 we cannot reject the null hypothesis. Thus, Mr Rutter cannot conclude that
the mean weight of the bags is less than 50 pounds.

(b) Since the variance of the population is known. Mr. Rutter can use the z-statistic.

(c) P = 0.5-0.4726
= 0.0274

31.
(a) State the null hypothesis and the alternate hypothesis.
𝐻0 : µ ≥ 10
𝐻1 : µ < 10

𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
9.0−10.0
= 2.8/
√50
= -2.53
Reject 𝐻0 . The mean weight loss is less than 10 pounds. P-value = 0.5000 – 0.4943 = 0.0057
32.

The null and alternative hypotheses are:

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 16
𝐻1 : µ > 16.

Reject 𝐻0 , if the value of z is more than 1.65

The computed value of z is
𝑋−µ
z = 𝜎/
√𝑛
16.05−16
= 0.03/
√50
= 11.79

Since, 11.79 > 1.65, we reject the null hypothesis.

As, the z value is rather large. So, p = 0.

33.
The null and alternative hypothesis are

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 7
𝐻1 : µ < 7

6.8−7
t= 0.9 = -1.571
( )
√50

Using the table of the t-distribution with 50 –1= 49 degrees of freedom for a one tailed test we
find that the values of t for probabilities 0.05 and 0.1 are 1.677 and 1.299 respectively. Since, the
value of the the test statistics is between these two values.

35.
𝐻0 : µ ≥ 3.13
𝐻1 : µ < 3.13
Reject 𝐻0 if t 𝑡 < −1.711
2.86−3.13
t = 12𝑜 = 1.89
( )
√12

We fail to reject 𝐻0 .
36.
The null and alternative hypothesis are
𝐻0 : µ ≥ 40
𝐻1 : µ < 40

Since the variance of the population is unknown, we should use the t-distribution. Using the table
of the distribution with 60 -1= 59 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.05 of a one-tailed test
we find that the value of t is 1.671. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the test
statistic is less than -1.671.

The test statistic is

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
37.8−40
= 12.2/
√60
= -1.397

Since -1.397 > -1.671, we cannot reject the null hypothesis.

37.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 14
𝐻1 : µ > 14
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑡 > 2.821

156.6
𝑋= = 15.66
10

21.444
s = √ 10−1 = 1.5436

15.66−14
t = 1.5436/ = 3.401
√10

Reject 𝐻0 . The mean rate charged is greater than 14 percent.

38.
The null and alternative hypothesis are
𝐻0 : µ ≥ 6
𝐻1 : µ < 6
Degree of the freedom is 8-1= 7 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.01 of a one -tailed test
we find that the value of t is 2.998. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the teat
statistic is less than -2.998.

The sample mean, and standard deviation is

4.8+⋯+5.6
𝑋= 8

= 5.6375

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

4.8+⋯+5.6
=√ 8−1

= 0.6346

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
5.6375−6
=
0.6346/ √8
= -1.616

Since -1.616>-2.998. We cannot reject the null hypothesis.

40.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 25
𝐻1 : µ > 25
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑧 > 2.624

𝑋= 26.067
s =1.5337

26.067−25.00
t= = 2.694
1.5337/√15

Reject 𝐻0 . The mean rate charged is greater than 25.

41.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 6.5
𝐻1 : µ < 6.5

Since, the variance of the population is unknown, we should use the t-distribution. Using the
table of the distribution with 12-1=11 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.01 of a one-tailed
test we find that the value of t is 2.718. We will reject 𝐻0 , t < - 2.718

The sample mean, and standard deviation is

0+⋯+10
𝑋= 12

= 5.1667

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 3.1575

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
5.1667−6.5
= 3.1575/
√12
= -1.463

Since -1.463>-2.718. We cannot reject the null hypothesis.

42.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 3.5
𝐻1 : µ < 3.5

Since, the variance of the population is unknown, we should use the t-distribution. Using the
table of the distribution with 17-1=16 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.05 of a one-tailed
test we find that the value of t is 1.746. We will reject 𝐻0 , t < - 1.746.
The sample mean, and standard deviation is
2.98+⋯+2.45
𝑋=
17

= 2.9553

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 0.5596

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
2.9553−3.5
= 0.5596/
√17
= -4.013

Since -4.013< -1.746. We reject the null hypothesis.

44.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 4.5%
𝐻1 : µ > 4.5%
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑡 > 1.796

𝑋= 4.5717
s =0.2405

4.5717−4.50
t= = 1.033
0.2405/√12

Reject 𝐻0 . The mean rate charged is greater than 25.

45.
𝐻0 : µ ≤ 100
𝐻1 : µ > 100

Since, the variance of the population is unknown, we should use the t-distribution. Using the
table of the distribution with 15-1=14 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.05 of a one-tailed
test we find that the value of t is 1.761. We will reject 𝐻0 , t > 1.761.

The sample mean, and standard deviation is

120+⋯+117
𝑋= 15

= 109.4

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 9.9628

𝑋−µ
t=
𝑠/√𝑛
109.4−100
= 09.9628/
√15
= 3.654

Since 3.654> 1.761. We reject the null hypothesis.

46.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 267
𝐻1 : µ > 267

Level of the significance 𝛼 = 0.01

Determine the degree of freedom using the following formula.

df = n-1
= 13-1
= 12
From the t distribution tables, the critical value at 0.01 level of the significance for 12 degrees of
freedom about right tailed test is 2.681.

Test statistics:

321+⋯+281
𝑋= 13

= 288.31
 ∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 22.46

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
288.31−267
= 22.46/ √13
= 3.42

Since 3.42> 2.681. We reject the null hypothesis.

47.

Here, the given null and alternative hypotheses are.

𝐻0 : µ = 1.5
𝐻1 : µ ≠ 1.5

1.3−1.5
Reject 𝐻0 if it is not between -3.25 and 3.25, t = = -0.703
0.9/√10
Do not reject 𝐻0 . This data does not contradict the publisher.

48.

Here, the given null and alternative hypotheses are.

𝐻0 : µ = 27000
𝐻1 : µ ≠ 27000

Since, the variance of the population is unknown, we should use the t-distribution. Using the
table of the distribution with 25-1=24 degrees of freedom for the probability 0.01 of a one-tailed
test we find that the value of t is 2.797. We will reject 𝐻0 , t > 2.797 or t < - 2.797.

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
30000−27000
= 10000/ √25
= 1.5

Since, 1.5 does not fall in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is not rejected.
49.

a) This is a binominal situation with both the mean number of successes and failures equal to
21.5, found by 0.5 (43).

b)
𝐻0 : µ = 27000
𝐻1 : µ ≠ 27000

c) The p-value is 0.0220, found by 2(0.5000 – 0.4890). A value this extreme will happen about
once out of fifty with a fair coin.

50.
The null and alternative hypotheses are

𝐻0 : 𝜋 = 0.63
𝐻1 : 𝜋 ≠ 0.63

The test is about the population proportion. Verify that both 𝑛𝜋 and n (1- 𝜋) are at least 5.

n𝜋 = 300 (0.63)
= 189

n (1-𝜋) = 300 (1-0.63)

= 111

Thus, the normal distribution can be used as an approximation of the binominal distribution.

Using the table of the normal distribution for the probability 0.05 of a two-tailed test we find that
value of z is 1.96. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the test statistic does not fall
in the region between -1.96 and 1.96.

The test statistic is

𝑝−𝜋
z= 𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛

= 2.511

Since, 2.511 falls in the rejection region. 𝐻0 is rejected. There is evidence that these data
disagree with this association data.
51.
𝐻0 : µ ≤ 60
𝐻1 : µ > 60
Reject 𝐻0 if 𝑧 > 2.33

0.70−0.60
z= 0.60(0.40)
√
200
= 2.89
H0 is rejected. MS Dennis is correct. More than 60% of the accounts are more than 3 months
old.

52.

The null and alternative hypotheses are

𝐻0 : 𝜋 ≤ 0.55
𝐻1 : 𝜋 > 0.55

The test is about the population proportion, verify that both n𝜋 and both n (1-𝜋) are at least 5.

n𝜋 = 70 (0.55)
= 38.5

n (1-𝜋) = 70 (1-0.55)
= 31.5

Thus, the normal distribution can be used as an approximation of the binomial distribution.

Using the table of the normal distribution for the probability 0.05 of a one-tailed test we find that
value of z is 1.65. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the test statistic is greater than
1.65.

The test statistic is

𝑝−𝜋
z= 𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛
= 0.841
Since, 0.841 does not fall in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is not rejected. There is no evidence that this
route meets the criterion.

54.
a.
This is a binomial situation with both the mean number of successes (6, found by 60 (0.10)) and
failures ( 54, found by 60 (0.90)) greater that five.

b.
𝐻0 : 𝜋 = 0.10
𝐻1 : 𝜋 ≠ 0.10

c.
Reject 𝐻0 if not between -1.960 and 1.960

3/60−0.1
z= = -0.913 we fail to reject the null hypothesis. This data does not show a lower
0.10(1−0.10)
√
60

failure rate at short’s slots.

d.
The p-value is 0.3628 found by 2(0.5000-0.3186). A value this extreme will happen about once
out of three with that failure rate.

55.
𝐻0 : 𝜋 ≤ 0.20
𝐻1 : 𝜋 > 0.20

Reject 𝐻0 if not between z> 2.33

56/200−0.20
z= = 2.83.
0.20(1−0.20)
√
200

𝐻0 is rejected. More than 20 percent of the owners move during a particular year.
p-value= 0.5000 – 0.4977 = 0.0023

56.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 10
𝐻1 : µ < 10

Reject 𝐻0 if t < -1.895

Test statistics:

78.3
𝑋= 8

= 9.7875

∑(𝑋−𝑋)2
s=√ 𝑛−1

= 0.9172

𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
9.7875−10
= 0.9172/
√8
= - 0.655

Do not reject 𝐻0 . The cost is not less than $10,000.

57.

𝐻0 : 𝜋 ≤ 10
𝐻1 : 𝜋 > 10

Reject 𝐻0 if z > 2.326

z = 1.49

We fail to reject the null hypothesis. This data do not show college students are more likely to
skip breakfast.

58.
𝐻0 : 𝜋 ≥ 10
𝐻1 : 𝜋 < 10

Reject 𝐻0 if z < - 1.645

z = - 2.828
The null hypothesis is rejected. The proportion of alumni who supports the coach is less than
fifty percent.

59.
The null and alternative hypotheses are:
𝐻0 : 𝜋 ≥ 0.0008
𝐻1 : 𝜋 < 0.0008

Reject 𝐻0 if z > 2.326

The test is about the population proportion, verify that both n𝜋 and both n (1-𝜋) are at least 5.

n𝜋 = 10000 (0.0008)
=8

n (1-𝜋) = 10000 (1-0.0008)

= 9,992

Thus, the normal distribution can be used as an approximation of the binomial distribution.

Using the table of the normal distribution for the probability 0.05 of a one-tailed test we find that
value of z is 1.65. We will reject the null hypothesis if the value of the test statistic is greater than
1.65.

The test statistic is

𝑝−𝜋
z= 𝜋(1−𝜋)
√
𝑛

= - 0.71

Since, - 0.71 does not fall in the rejection region, 𝐻0 is not rejected. There is no evidence that
this route meets the criterion.

60.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 69
𝐻1 : µ < 69

Reject 𝐻0 if t < -1.306

 𝑋−µ
t = 𝑠/
√𝑛
64−69
= 8.8/
√36
= - 3.41

Reject 𝐻0 and determine the mean water usage is considerably less in legacy Ranch.

62.
a.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 10
𝐻1 : µ < 10

Reject 𝐻0 if t < -1.895

0.80−0.75
z= 0.1
√45

= 3.35

Reject 𝐻0 , The mean time spent in the mall is more than 0.75 hours.

63.
50 + 2.33 (10/√𝑛 ) = 55 – (0.525) (10/√𝑛); Let n = 33

n = (5.71)2 = 32.6

64.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 10
𝐻1 : µ < 10

Reject 𝐻0 if t < -1.895

4800−5000
t = 1300/ = - 2.176
√200
Reject the null. The plans were effective.

65.

𝐻0 : µ ≥ 8
𝐻1 : µ < 8

Reject 𝐻0 if t < -1.714

7.5−8
t = 3.2/ = - 0.77
√24

Do not reject the null. The time is not loss.

67.

a.

𝐻0 : µ = 80
𝐻1 : µ ≠ 80

Reject 𝐻0 if t < -2.045 or t > 2.045

88.51−80
t = 33.90/ = 1.38
√30

Do not reject the null. The mean salary could be $80.0 million.

b.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 2000000
𝐻1 : µ > 2000000

Reject 𝐻0 if t < 1.669

2448000−2000000
t= = 3.51
698000/√30

Reject the null. The mean attendance was more than 2,000,000.
68.

a.

𝐻0 : µ = 840
𝐻1 : µ ≠ 840

Reject 𝐻0 if t < -2.640 or t > 2.640

830.11−840
t= = - 2.10
42.19/√80

Do not reject the null. The mean number of miles traveled could be 840.

The p-value is between 0.05 and 0.025. If the mean number of miles traveled is actually 840, a
sample this extreme will happen about four times out of one hundred similar tests.

b.

𝐻0 : µ ≤ 500
𝐻1 : µ > 500

Reject 𝐻0 if t < 1.664

450.29−500
t= = -8.28
53.69/√80

We fail to reject null. The mean maintenance cost could be less than $500.

c.

𝐻0 : 𝜋 = 0.4
𝐻1 : 𝜋 = 0.4

Reject 𝐻0 if z < - 1.645 or z > 1.645

28
( ) − 0.4
80
z= 0.4 (0.6)
√
80

= - 0.913

𝐻0 is not rejected. The proportion of busses more than 8 years old could be forty percent.
The p-value is 0.3682, found by 2 (0.5000 – 0. 3159). A value this extreme will happen about
once out of three times.