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2-Pipeline Hydraulics PDF
2-Pipeline Hydraulics PDF
Dasharatha Achani
MECHOCEAN
Eng. Solutions
Pipeline
Hydraulics
10-Aug-16
10-Aug-16 Page 2 www.mechocean.com Dasharatha Achani
MECHOCEAN
Pipeline Hydraulics Eng. Solutions
Start
Fluid
composition
Determine fluid
properties Component
Properties
Flow rate,
Select Determine
pressure&
diameter flow regime
temperature
Calculate
Check
max. pressure
secondary
drop in line
conditions
No Is pressure
Yes
drop OK?
No OK Yes End
Mixture of hydrocarbons.
Single phase flow
• Liquid
• Gas
Two phase flow
• Sometimes referred to as ‘multi phase flow’.
FRICTION FACTOR
Laminar flow: Re<2000
16
f
Re
Note:
In pipeline hydraulics, f is called the Fanning
friction factor. It is related to f by Moody friction
factor, m=4f
dp 2 fU2 dz
g
ds D ds
if -but only if- f, ρ, U and D are all constant along the length
of the line
2
s+ds
2 f U 2
p 2 p1 (length) g (height difference)
D
Integrate from 1 to 2,
10-Aug-16 www.mechocean.com Dasharatha Achani
MECHOCEAN
PIPELINE HYDRAULICS Eng. Solutions
D
q D2 4 U
Volumetric flow rate ,
so,
p1 p 2 2 5 2
1
q D
4 2 fL
Erosion
Waxy crudes
Erosional Velocity
122. kg / m / s
Ve
Flow equation
P V2
H h f constant
.g 2.g
Important issues:
4. Assume the following data for a pipeline of 28.2km and solve the problem.
Wall thickness = 12.7mm
Oil density 850 kg/m3
Viscosity 0.01 Pa s
Maximum pressure at field 5 MPa
Minimum pressure at shore 1 MPa
Elevation difference between field and shore 100m
Relative roughness 0.001
a) Determine the diameter if the maximum flow rate is limited by laminar flow.
b) Determine the diameter if the maximum flow rate is 100,000 b/d (1b = 0.159 m3)
c) During the life time of pipeline, wax deposition in the pipeline causes 10% reduction in
diameter determined from (b). Discuss the effect of it. Assume the same relative
roughness