Class Test –II (2015-16) Model Answer

Q.1.a) Define (3 –Marks)

( i ) Tons of refrigeration – It is the quantity of heat required to remove from one ton of ice within 24
hours when initial condition of water is 00.
One ton of refrigeration is equivalent to 210 kJ/ min or 3.5 kW

(ii) C.O.P. – is the ratio of heat extracted from refrigerator to the work done on the refrigerator.
COP of refrigerator =

iii)Specific humidity:- It is defined as the ratio of mass of vapour to the mass of dry air in a given sample
of moist air. 01
Specific humidity= ma/ mv
iv) DPT – Dew point temperature tDP
- It is the teperature at which air water vapour mixture starts to condense.
D.P.T. of mixture is defined as the temperature at which water vapours starts to condense

Q.1b) Vapour Compression Refrigeration Cycle (Diagram 2 –Marks explanation-1 mark)

The P-H and T-S diagram for the simple vapor compression refrigeration cycle is shown in the
figure for vapour entering the compressor is in dry saturation condition The dry and saturated
vapour entering the compressor at point 1 that vapour compresses isentropic ally from point 1 to
2 which increases the pressure from evaporator pressure to condenser pressure.

Q.1 c) Working of Simple Vapor absorption system: (Diagram 2 –Marks explanation-1 mark)
A Simple Vapor absorption system consists of evaporator, absorber, generator, condenser, expansion
valve, pump & reducing valve. In this system ammonia is used as refrigerant and solution is used is aqua
ammonia.
Strong solution of aqua ammonia contains as much as ammonia as it can and weak solution contains less
ammonia. The compressor of vapor compressor system is replaced by an absorber, generator, reducing
valve and pump.

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The heat flow in the system at generator, and work is supplied to pump. Ammonia vapors coming out of
evaporator are drawn in absorber. The weak solution containing very little ammonia is spread in
absorber. The weak solution absorbs ammonia and gets converted into strong solution. This strong
solution from absorber is pumped into generator The addition of heat liberates ammonia vapor and
solution gets converted into weak solution. The released vapor is passed to condenser and weak
solution to absorber through a reducing valve. Thus, the function of a compressor is done by absorber, a
generator, pump and reducing valve. The simple vapor compressor system is used where there is
scarcity of Electricity and it is very useful at partial and full load.

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Q.1.d) Differences between Vapour Absorption and Vapour Compression refrigeration system
(Any three- 3marks)

Q.2.a) Multistaging :- A multistage (or multi-stage) rocket is a rocket that uses two or more stages, each
of which contains its own engines and propellant.------------------2Marks

Advantages of Mulitstaging : ( any four) --------2 marks

1. The air can be cooled in between two cylinders
2. The power required is less
3. Mechanical balance is good
4. Reduced leakage losses
5. More volumetric efficiency
6. High pressure range
7. Comparatively lighter in construction

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Q.2.b) Difference between Reciprocating Compressor & Rotary Compressor (Any 4, each
of 1mark)

Q.2 c) (Indicated power-1Mark, Isothermal power-1 mark & Isothermal

efficiency -2 Mark )

Q..3.a)Ram jet – (Fig – 2 marks ; explanation –2 marks)

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Ram jet is also alled as Athodyd or flying stove pipe’. - It is a steady

ombustion or continuous flow engine & has the simplest construction
of any propulsion engine. - Consist of inlet diffuser, combustion
chamber & exit nozzle. - Air entering into ram jet with supersonic
speed is slowed down to sonic speed in supersonic diffuser, increasing
air pressure. - The air pressure is further increased in the subsonic
diffuser. - The fuel injected into the combustion chamber is burned
with the help of flame stabilizers. The high temp & high pressure gases
are passed through the nozzle converting the pressure energy into
kinetic energy. - It is not self operating at zero flight velocity. It
requires launching rockets

Q.3.b) ( Diagram- 2 Marks ,working -2 marks)

Gas turbine with reheating ( 2+ 2 marks)

CC – Combustion Chamber
C – Compressor

By reheating or adding heat to exhaust gases after have passed through a part of the rows of turbine
balding (or stages), a further increase in work done obtained. In reheating, the gas temperature which
has dropped due to expansion is brought back to approximately the initial temperature for expansion in
next stage. Since the working fluid contains about 85% of air, additional fuel can be burnt by injecting it

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into the gases without any additional air supply. The reheat cycle can be shown as 1 – 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 – 6.
The combustion gases from combustion chamber CC1 at temperature T 3 is partially expanded in the HP
turbine from P2 to intermediate pressure Px. After this, it is them passed through combustion chamber
CC2 where it is reheated at constant pressure P x so that the temperature of gas is raised from T 4 to T5.
After this gas is expanded in second stage of turbine reheating is shown by shaded area.

Q.3.c) ( Diagram-2marks, working -2 marks)

Constant volume gas turbine Working:- Air from surrounding atmosphere is drawn in compressor and is
compressed to a pressure of about 3 kN/m 2. The compressed air is then admitted to the combustion
chamber through the inlet valve. When inlet valve is closed, the fuel oil is admitted by means of a
separate fuel pump into combustion chamber containing compressed air. The mixture (of air and fuel oil)
is then ignited by an electric spark, the pressure rising to about 12 kN/m 2, whilst the volume remains
constant. Thus combustion takes place at constant volume.

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