Module 2 (Algebra and Calculus) Marking Scheme

1bis document was prepared for markers' reference. It should not be regarded as a set of model answers.
Candidates and teachers who were not involved in the marking process are advised to interpret its contents with care.

General Marking Instructions

I. It is very important that all markers should adhere as closely as possible to the marking scheme. In many
cases, however, candidates will have obtained a correct answer by an alternative method not specified in the
marking scheme. In general, a correct alternative solution merits all the marks allocated to that part, unless a
particular method has been specified in the question. Markers should be patient in marking alternative
solutions not specified in the marking scheme.

2. For the convenience of markers~ the marking scheme was written as detailed as possible. However, it is
likely that candidates would not present their solution in the same explicit manner, e.g. some steps would
either be omitted or stated implicitly. In such cases, markers should exercise their discretion in marking
candidates' work. In general, marks for a certain step should be awarded if candidates' solution indicated
that the relevant concept / technique had been used.

3. In marking candidates' work, the benefit of doubt should be given in the candidates' favour.

4. Unless the form of the answer is specified in the question, alternative simplified forms of answers different
from those in the marking scheme should be accepted if they are correct.

5. In the marking scheme, marks are classified into the following three categories:

'M'marks awarded for applying correct methods

'A'marks awarded for the !lCCuracyof the answers
Marks without 'M' or 'A' - awarded for correctly completing a proof or arriving at an answer given in
the question.

In a question consisting of several parts each depending on the previous parts, 'M' marks should be awarded
to steps or methods correctly deduced from previous answers, even if these' answers are erroneous. ( I.e.
Markers should follow through candidates' work in awarding 'M' marks.) However, 'A' marks for the
corresponding answers should NOT be awarded, unless otherwise specified.

6. In the marking scheme, steps which can be skipped are enclosed by~ dotted rectangles:, whereas alternative
I
answers are enclosed by solid rectangles I.

7. (a) Unless otherwise specified in the question, numerical answers not given in exact values should not be
accepted.
(b) In case a certain degree of accuracy had been specified in the question, answers not accurate up to that
degree should not be accepted.

77
 '-

Solution Marks Remarks

2
1. (a) (l-4x) (l+xt

= (1- 8x + l 6x 2)[ 1+ nx + n(n-1) x 2 + •••] ----------------------

Coefficient of x = n - 8
2
(*)
IM <I I
.. n-8=1 For binomial expansion of
i.e. n =9 IA t
- (I + x up to the x 2 term

- / I
(b) :. (1-4x) 2(1+x) 9 =(1-8x+16x 2)(1+9x+36x 2 + .. ·) -...
Coefficient of x 2 = 36 - 8 •9 + 16 IM

Alternative Solution
2 n(n-1)
Coefficient of x = ~-- 8n + 16 by (*) IM
2

=-20 IA

(4)

3
2. (a) y=x -)x
3 3
dy = lim [(x+h) -3(x+h)].L(x -3x)
IM
dx h➔O h.
. x 3 +3x 2 h+3xh 2
+h 3 -3x-3h-x 3
+3x OR h[(x+h) 2 +(x+h)x+x
2
]-3h
=hm-------------- IM
h➔o h h

= lim(3x 2 +3xh+h 2
-3)
h➔O

= 3x 2 -3 IA

(b) When C is decreasing, dy ~0 .

dx
2
3x -3 ~ 0 IM Accept 3x 2 -3 < 0
(x+l)(x-1)~0
-1 ~ x ~ l IA Accept -1 < x < l

(5)

3. xlny+y=2
I dy dy IM for product rule
lny+x·--+-=0 lM+lM
y dx dx IM for chain rule
dy -ylny
-=--
dx x+y

Alternative Solution
2-y
x=--
lny
dx lny·(-1)-(2-y)-}
IM For quotient rule
dy (lny)2
dy y(lny) 2
For dy _ 1
-=~-~ IM dx - dx
dx y-2-ylny dy

When the curve cuts the y-axis, x = 0 .

.. y=2 IA

78
 Solution Marks Remarks

-2ln2 2(In2)2
dyl =-- IM OR
dx (0,2) 0+2 2-2-21n2
=-ln2
Hence the equation of the tangent is y=-xln2+2. lA

(5)

4. x=2y+siny
dx
-=2+cosy IM
dy .
dy = 1
dx 2+cosy

2 0-1(-siny) dy
d y =-1·(2+cosy)- 2 (-siny) dy IM OR dx
dx 2 dx (2 +cosy) 2

Alternative Solution
dy dy

n
I=2-+cosy•- IM
dx dx
2 2
0=2 ddx; + [ cosy ddx; +(-siny) ( d
; IM

sin y ( I
2+cosy
r = (2 +cos y)--f
d
dx
2
.
d2y siny
= 3
IA
dx2 (2+cosy)
(3)

-1
5. (a) J~=
-J9-x
J-(9-x) 2 d(9-x) IM+IA

Alternative Solution
Let u=9-x. IM
du =-dx
-1

J~=J-u 2 du IA
-J9-x
-1
=-2u 2 +C

=-2✓9-x +C IA

(b) Let x = 3 sin 0 . IM

dx=3cos0d0
J dx J 3cos0d0
✓9-x 2 = ✓9-9sin 2 0
= Jd0 IA
=0+C
= sin- 1 ~+C IA
3
(6)

79
6. (a) f xe-xdx = x(-e-x)- f (-e-x)dx
Solution

I -1
IM
Remarks

=-xe-x -e-x +C IA

(b) t:,-•
y=-
e
-x X
xe =-
e _x
I IW
x(e-x -~)=o

x= 0 or 1 IA For x = I

:. the area= J:( xe-x -~ )c1.x IM For f

:(Y1 -y 2 )dx

-x -x
= [ -xe -e
X
- 2e2 ]' o I IM I For using (a)

= (-e-1 -e-1 __ I )-(-1)

2e
.•. •
5
~
=1--
2e
(6)

7. (a) A
2 10
= 0 2 0 0 2 0
(1 0 1
Ill 1 0
O1]
1

=
20 40 2]
(2 0 02
=2A
Hence the statement is true for n = I .

Assume the statement is true for n = k , i.e. Ak+1 = 2k A .

Ak+2 =Ak+IA
= (2k A)A by assumption
=2k A2
= 2k -2A
by the statement for n = I
=2k+1A
Hence the statement is also true for n = k + I .

By the principle of mathematical induction, the statement is true for all positive
integers n . I I

(b) IAl=O I IA
1
Hence A- do.es not exist and so Willy arrives at a wrong conclusion by using A7
1
1

(7)

80

I
 kj
Solution Marks Remarks I
8. 2 2
-1 2
=6i+4j-k lA

The volume oftetrahedron OPQR =

6
11-- -,
(OPxOQ)·OR

= _!_l(6i+4j-k) · (2i-3j + 6k)j lM

6.
=l lA

(b) . OR= ✓2 2 +(-3) 2 +6 2

=7 lA

The area of dOPQ = ½l@x

OQI
=_!_.J62 +42 +(-1)2 R
2
✓53
lA
2
Let h be the height of the tetrahedron with OPQ as base.
Q
:. 1__ ✓53 h=l lM
3 2
h=-6_·
✓53
Let 0 be the angle between the plane OPQ and the line OR.
6
✓ 53 R
:. sin 0 = ~-'----- lM
7

Alternative Solution
IOPxOQI
=.J62 +42 +(-1)2

=✓53 lA
PxOQ
Let 0 be the angle between the plane OPQ and the line OR.
1M for dot product formula
xOQ)
-~ ~lQP = IORI
•IOP
xOQI
cos(0 + 90°) lM+lM
IM for 0+90°
~ • r

) 2·6-3-4+6(-l)
cos (0 + 90 0
= r;:;:
7v53

0 ~ 6.8° IA

(8)

'

81
 Solution Marks Remarks
I I
9. (a) The augmented matrix is ( ~ 1
6
1 1100)
10 200

-(~ 1
I
I 100)
5 9 100
I IM

Let z = t , where t is a real number.

.. y=20-- 9t and x=80+- 4t I IA+IA
5 5

Alternative Solution
Let y = t , where t is a real number. OR let x=t and so
100-5t 800-4t 9t 5t
.. z= and x= IA+IA y=200--
4'
z=--100
4
9 9

+ n + k = 100
(b)
{o.;m+ 3n+ 5k = 100 I IA

.. {m+ n +
k = 100
m + 6n+ 10k = 200
"I
9 41
By (a), if both 20- t and..: 80 + are integers, then t is a multiple of 5 .
5 5
m :?!0 gives t :?!-100
. 100 > IM
n :?!0 gives t ~ -
9
k :?!0 gives t :?!0
Combining all the conditions above, we have t = 0 , 5 or 10 . ~

Alternative Solution (I)

By trying out different values of t , we see that m , n and k are all non-
}1M
negative when t=0, 5 or 10 (OR anytwoofthese).

Alternative Solution (2)

By trying out different values of t , we see that ( m, n, k) can be
}1M
(80,20,0), (84,11,5) or (88,2,10) (OR anytwoofthese).

Hence there are more than one set of combination of m , n and k and so
Aubrey cannot be agreed with.

(6)

10. (a) HK= HB+BK

24
=--+--cm 192 ) IA OR (24sec0+ 192csc0 )cm
( cos0 sin 0
(1)

82
 Solution Marks Remarks

(b) dHK =-24(cos0)- 2

(-sin 0)-l92(sin 0)- 2 cos 0 IM OR24sec0tan 0- 192csc0cot0
d0
dHK 24sin0 192cos0
--= 0 when ---=--- IM
d0 cos 2 0 sin 2 0
3
tan 0=8
tan0=2
0 =tan- 1 2 IA

0 0 < 0 < tan- 1 2 0=tan- 1

2 · tan -l 2 < 0 <!:.
2
dHK IM
-- -ve 0 +ve
d0
When 0 = tan -l 2 , HK is minimum.
✓5 ✓5 D C K
By (a), the shortest length of the ladder= 24 •- + 192 •-
1 2
=120✓5 cm I

(5)

(c) (i) x+HKcos0=AB+CK

x =-270cos0+24+192cot0 IM
0 2 0
dx =270sin0· d -192csc 0- d --------------(*) IM
dt dt dt
192 6
When CK =160cm, tan0=-=-
160 5
. 0 6 OR 0 = 0.87605805
.'. Slil = ../61
2
6 OR 270sin0.87605805· (-0.1)
dx = 210(- -)(-0.1)-192(../61) (-0.1) 2
dt ,./61 6 -192csc 0.87605805•(-0.l)
~ 11.79 IA
1
i.e. the rate of change of x is 11.79 cm s- •

(ii) y-x=270cos0 i' IM

dy - dx =-270sin0· d8
dt dt dt

Alternative Solution
y=24+192cot0 IM

dy =-192csc 2 0· d 0 K E
dt dt
By(*), dx - dy = 270sin 0· d 8
dt dt dt

8
sin0>0 and d <0 IM
dt
dy dx
->-
dt dt
Hence K is moving towards E at a speed faster than the horizontal speed
H is leaving the wall and Thomas is agreed with. 1

(6)

83
 Solution Marks Remarks

11. (a) (i) OC=tb

a+mtb A
.. OE --- IM+IA
l+m
D

~
(ii) OD = (1- t)a
.. DE=n(l-t)a+b IA
I+n
0 C B
(iii) Comparing (i) and (ii), we have
1 n(l-t)
- = -- - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -(1)
IM
{ ::~ = 1~:n ----------------(2)

(2)+(1):
1
mt= -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -(3) IM
n(l-t)
1 n(l-t)
By (1), 1
1+- I+n
nt(l-t)
t(l + n) = nt(l - t) + 1
t =-nt 2 + I
1-t
n=--
t2
1
By(3), mt- 1-t (1-t)
!2
t
I
m=(l-t)2

t 1-t
(iv) If m=n ,then -- 2
=-- 2- • IA
(1-t) t
. t3 = (l-t)3
1
t=-
2
Hence C and D are the mid-points of OB and OA respectively.
Therefore, E is the centroid of AOAB and Chris is agreed with. IA
(9)

(b) AC=tb-a
--
AC-OB= (tb-a)·b
=4t-a·b lA
----+ -
When AC 1- OB , AC· OB= 0 which gives a· b = 4t ----------- IM
-
BD=(l-t)a-b
(4)

--
BD·OA = [(1-t)a-b]·a
= (1-t)-a·b IA
By(4), -- BD·OA=I-5t.
-- *
So, BD •OA 0 in general.
i.e. BD is not always perpendicular to OA and Francis is not agreed with. IA
(4)

84
 Solution Marks Remarks

12. (a) (i) A_,=( 1 pr!

-1 1

1 ( 1
=1 1 pl -p :r '
IM

-1 1

1 (1 -p) IA
= l+ p 1 1

(ii) A-IMA=-1
l+p
C1 -p)(k-1
I I
k)( I
O -1
p)
I

=-1 (k-p-1 k)( 1 p) IM+IA OR-1

l+ p l 1 I
(1
-pJ(-1 k+kp-p
p )
1+ p k k -1 1
2
k+kp- p- p )
=l~p(-l;p
k+kp

=(~1 k~p) 1

(iii) By (ii), (A- 1MAt =

A-IMnA=((-~t
(-1
O
~r for p = k

'
IM For either side
kon)

Mn= ( I
-1k 0 e0) C -/)
I
)((-l)n I
l+k I
IM

I ( (-It
= l+k (-It+!
e+')(1
e 1
-k)
I
)R-1-( l kxc-It
l+k -1 1 kn kn )
(-lt+l k

1 ( e+I +(-It kn+I+(-l)n+l k)

IA
= I+k e
+(-1t+ 1
e +(-It k :•·

(8) .

1 2
(b) ( xn )- M( xn-l ) where M = ( ) after substituting k = 2
Xn-1 Xn-2 1 0

=···
IA •.

2n-l +(-It
IA OR---'---'-
3
(3)

85
 Solution Marks Remarks
2
13. (a) 1-cos40-2cos20sin 20
2 2 For 1- cos 40 = 2 sin 2 20
= 2sin 20-2cos20sin 20 lM
2
= 2 sin 2 20(1- cos 20) OR 1-cos20=2sin 0
2
= 2(2sin0cos0) (2sin 2 0)
= 16cos 2 0sin 4 0 1

(2)

n,r
(b)
f 0
cos 2 xsin 4
x dx

= f n,r 1-cos 4x-2 cos 2xsin

2
2x dx
by (a)
0 16

=-
1 J n,r
(1-cos4x)dx--
1 J n,r
sin 2 2x•2cos2xdx lM
16 o 16 o

=- 1 [ x--- sin 4x]n" -- 1

16 4 o 16
f n,r • 2
x=O
.
sm 2xdsin2x lM For dsin2x

3 • 3
= _!__[(n11:
_ sin 4n11:
)-o] _,:_!__
[sin 2xln" lA For sm 2x
16 4 . _ 16 3 3
0

Alternative Solution

=-
1 J (1-cos4x)dx-- J sin4xsin2xdx
n,r 1 n,r
16 0 16 0

=_!__[x- sin4x]n" _ _!__f

n1r cos2x-cos6x dx lM I I For cos2x-cos6x
16 4 0 16 o 2 2

_ _!__[(n11:
sin4n11:)-o]--l [sin2x _ sin6x]n" For sin 2x - sin 6x
16 4 32 2 6 0 I~ 2 6

n11: 1
16
(4)

(c) Let x=k-u. IM

:. dx=...:.du
When x = 0, u = k ; when x = k, u = 0 .

f :xf(x)dx = L 0
(k-u)f(k-u)(-du)

= f :(k-u)f(u) du lM+lM
1M for reversing the limits
lMfor f(k-u)=f(u)

=kLkf(u)du-J:uf(u)du

f
= k :f(x) dx- f :xf(x) dx

J
. . 2 :xf(x) dx = k :f(x) dx f
f
i.e.
f k

o
xf(x) dx =-
k
2
k

o
f(x) dx

(4)

86
 Solution Marks Remarks

(d} Let f(.r) =cos 2 .rsin 4 x

f(,r-x) =cos 2 (ir-x)sin 4 (,r -x)
= (-cosx) 2 (sinx) 4
= COS2 .xsin 4 X
=f(x) IM
f(2ir-x) = cos 2(21r-x)sin 4 (21r-x)
= (cosx) 2 (-sin x) 4
=f(x)

The volume of the solid of revolution

f
2K 2
= 2,r K X cos X sin
4
X dx IM
y

2 4
= 21l'(f :K xcos xsin xdx- J: 2 4
xcos xsin xdx)

2 0
f 2 0
J
= 21l'·-21l' 2Kcos 2 xsin 4 xdx-21l'·- 1l' Kcos 2 xsin 4 xdx by (c) IM

= 21Z'2(~; )-1Z'2(~) by(b)

31l'3
= IA
16
(4)

87