DELEGAÇÃO DE MANICA

Licenciatura em ensino de Química - EAD

Matemática Básica
Ficha adicional 5 sobre Calculo Diferencial

x 2−3
1. a) f ( x )=
3 x+ 1
f ( x +∆ x )−f ( x)
f ' ( x )= lim
∆ x →0 ∆x
( x + ∆ x )2−3 x 2−3
−( )
' 3 ( x +∆ x ) +1 3 x+ 1
f ( x )= lim
∆ x →0 ∆x
x +2 x ∆ x+(∆ x )2−3 x 2+ 3
2
1
f ' ( x )= lim − ×
∆ x →0 3 x+3 ∆ x +1 3 x +1 ∆ x
'
f ( x )= lim ¿ ¿ ¿
∆ x →0

' 6 x 2 ∆ x +3 ∆ x 2 +2 x ∆ x +∆ x 2−3 x 2 ∆ x +9 ∆ x 1
f ( x )= lim 2
×
∆ x →0 9 x +9 ∆ x +6 x +3 ∆ x+ 1 ∆x
2 2 2
3 x ∆ x +3 ∆ x + 2 x ∆ x+ ∆ x + 9 ∆ x
f ' ( x )= lim
∆ x →0 ∆ x (9 x 2+ 9 ∆ x+ 6 x +3 ∆ x +1)

' ∆ x ( 3 x 2 +3 ∆ x +2 x+ ∆ x+ 9 )
f ( x )= lim 2
∆ x →0 ∆ x ( 9 x +9 ∆ x +6 x +3 ∆ x +1 )

' 3 x 2+3 ∆ x +2 x+ ∆ x+ 9
f ( x )= lim 2
∆ x →0 9 x + 9 ∆ x+ 6 x +3 ∆ x +1

' 3 x 2+3 × 0+2 x+ 0+9

f ( x )= lim 2
∆ x →0 9 x + 9× 0+6 x +3 ×0+1

' 3 x 2+2 x+ 9
f x = lim
( ) 2
∆ x →0 9 x + 6 x +1

3 x2 +2 x+ 9
f ' ( x )= lim 2
∆ x →0 (3 x+1)
 x 2
−3 ' 3 x 2 +2 x+ 9
Portanto a função derivada de f ( x )= é f ( x ) = 2
3 x+ 1 ( 3 x +1)

x 2−3
b) f x =
( )
3 x+ 1
'
' [ ( x 2−3 ) ( 3 x +1 )− ( x2 −3 ) ( 3 x +1 )' ]
f ( x )=
(3 x +1)2

' 2 x ( 3 x +1 )− ( x2 −3 ) 3
f ( x )=
( 3 x +1 )2

' 6 x2 +2 x−3 x 2+ 9
f x=
( )
( 3 x+ 1 )2

3 x 2 +2 x+ 9
f ' ( x )= 2
(3 x +1)

2. Usando a definição de derivadas calcule:

a) f ( x )=x 2 + x ; x=1 f ( 1 ) =12+1=2
f ( x )−f ( x 0 )
f ' ( x )= lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0
2
' x + x−2
f ( x )=lim
x →1 x −1
( x−1 ) ( x+ 2 )
f ' ( x )=lim
x →1 x−1
'
f ( x )=lim x+2
x →1
'
f ( x )=lim 1+ 2=3
x →1

A função derivada de f ( x )=x 2 + x no ponto de abcissa x=1é igual a 3

b) f ( x )= √ x ; x=4
f ( x )−f ( x 0)
f ' ( x )= lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0
x−2 0
f ' ( x )=lim √
x→ 4 x−4
=
0 []
( √ x−2 ) ( √ x +2)
f ' ( x )=lim
x→ 4 ( x−4 ) ( √ x +4 )
2
' ( √ x ) −4
f ( x )=lim
x→ 4 ( x−4 ) ( √ x+ 4 )
 x−4
f ' ( x )=lim
x→ 4 ( x−4 ) ( √ x+ 4 )

1
f ' ( x )=lim
x→ 4 √ x+ 2

1 1
f ' ( x )=lim =
x→ 4 √ 4 +2 4
1
A derivada da função f ( x )=x 2 + x no ponto de abcissa x=4 é
4
c) f ( x )=5 x−3 x=−3

f ( x )−f ( x 0)
f ' ( x )= lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0

' 5 x−3−(−18 )
f ( x )= lim
x→−3 x−(−3 )

5 x +15
f ' ( x )= lim
x→−3 x +3

5 ( x +3 )
f ' ( x )= lim
x→−3 x +3

f ' ( x )=5

1
d) f ( x )=
x

f ( x )−f ( x 0)
f ' ( x )= lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0

1
−1
' x
f ( x )=lim
x →1 x−1

1−x
f ' ( x )=lim 2
x →1 x (x−1)

−(x−1)
f ' ( x )=lim
x →1 x 2 (x−1)

f ' ( x )=−1
e) f ( x )= √ x

f ( x )−f ( x 0)
f ' ( x )= lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0

x−√ 3
f ' ( x )=lim √
x →3 x−3

( √ x−√ 3 ) ( √ x + √ 3)
f ' ( x )=lim
x →3 ( x−3 ) ( √ x + √ 3)

x−3
f ' ( x )=lim
x →3 x−3 ( √ x + √3 )

1
f ' ( x )=lim
x →3 √ 3+ √ 3
1
f ' ( x )=
2√3

1
f) f ( x )=
x2

f ( x )−f ( x 0 )
f ' ( x )= lim
x→ x 0 x−x 0

1 1
−
' x 2
4
f ( x )=lim
x →2 x−2

' 4−x2 1
f ( x )=lim 2
×
x →2 4 x x−2
 ' −( x 2−4 )
f ( x )=lim 2
x →2 4 x ( x−2 )

−( x−2 )( x +2 )
f ' ( x )=lim
x →2 4 x2 ( x−2 )

−x−2 −1
f ' ( x )=lim =
x →2 4 x2 4

−1
f ' ( x )=
4