Kyla Jean Solinap October 5, 2020

Homework 3 Prof. Prof. Priscilla Macansantos

Required Exercises:

4
1. Find the equations of the tangent line and normal line to the graph of f (x) = x2 at the point (2, 1). Use equation (5)
to compute the slope of the tangent line.
f (x)−f (x1 )
f 0 (x1 ) = limx→2 x−x1
f 0 (2) = limx→2 x−2 (2)
f (x)−f
4
2 −1
limx→2 xx−2
2
limx→2 4−x x2 ∗ x−2
1
2 (2−x)(2+x)
limx→2 x24−x (x−2) = limx→2 x2 (x−2)
limx→2 −(x−2)(2+x)
x2 (x−2) = limx→2 −(2+x)
x2
2+x 2+2
limx→2 − x2 = limx→2 − 22 = −1
y − y1 = m(x − x1 ) = y − 1 = −1(x − 2) = y = −x + 2 + 1 = y = −x + 3
The equation of the tangent line to the graph of f (x) = x42 at the point (2,1) is y = −x + 3
Meanwhile, the equation of the normal line is:
1 1
y = −m (x − x1) + y1 = − −1 (x − 2) + 1 = 1(x − 2) + 1 = x − 2 + 1
y =x−1

2. Use definition 2.5 to compute the derivative of the following:

(a) f (x) = 3x2 − x + 4
2 2
f 0 (x) = lim∆x→0 f (x+∆x)−f
∆x
(x)
= [ 3(x+∆x) −(x+∆x)+4]−[3x
∆x
−x+4]
2 2 2 2
−∆x
limx→0 3x +6x∆x+3∆x ∆x
+4−3x +x−4
= 6x∆x+3∆x
∆x
∆x(6x+3∆x−1
lim∆x→0 ∆x
lim∆x→0 6x + 3∆x − 1 = 6x + 3(0) − 1 = 6x − 1
Therefore, the derivative of the function is defined by f 0 (x) = 6x − 1
(b) cosx
f 0 (x) = lim∆x→0 f (x+∆x)−f
∆x
(x)
= lim∆x→0 cos(x+∆x)−cosx
∆x
−cosx+cosxcos∆x
lim∆x→0 cosxcos∆x−sinxsin∆x−cosx
∆x = ∆x − sinx∆x
∆x
1−cos∆x sin∆x
lim∆x→0 −cosx ∆x − sinx ∆x = −cosx(0) − sinx(1) = −sinx The derivative of the function is defined by
f 0 (x) = −sinx

3. Consider the function f defined by

1
x3 + 16 if x < 12

f (x) = 3 2
4x if x 12
0 1 0 1
Use Definition 2.11 to find f− ( 2 ) and f+ ( 2 ). Determine if f is differentiable at x = 12 .
0 1 f (x)−f (x1 ) (x3 + 16 − 24
7
) x3 − 1
f− ( 2 ) = limx→ 12 x−x1 = limx→ 21 x− 12
= x− 18
2
(x− 12 )(x2 + 12 x+ 41 ) 1 1 1 2
limx→ 12 1
x− 2
= limx→ 2
2
1 x +
2 x + 4 = ( 2 ) + 12 ( 12 ) + 14 = 41 + 14 + 1
4 = 3
4
0 1
f− ( 2 ) = 34
3 2
x − 3 3
(x2 − 1 ) 3 1 1
4 (x− 2 )(x+ 2 )
f+ ( 2 ) = limx→ 12 f (x)−f
0 1
x−x1
(x1 )
= limx→ 21 4 x− 116 = limx→ 12 4 x− 1 4 = limx→ 12 x− 12
2 2
limx→ 21 34 (x + 12 = 12 ( 12 + 12 ) = 34 ( 22 ) = 43
0 1
f+ ( 2 ) = 34
0 1 0 1
Since f− ( 2 ) = 34 = f+ ( 2 ), the functions f is differentiable at x = 12 .
4. Let f be the function defined by
ax2 + b

if x ≤ 1
f (x) = 1
x x>1
Find the values of a and b such that f 0 (1) exists and then sketch the graph of f .
limx→1+ x1 = 1 and limx→1− ax2 + b = a + b, f is continuous if and only if a + b = 1.

1
 ax2 +b−(a+b) ax2 +b−a−b a(x2 −1)
f−0
= limx→1− f (x)−f
x−1
(1)
= limx→1− x−1 = limx→1− x−1 = x−1 = a(x−1)(x+1)
x−1
limx→1− a(x + 1) = a(1 + 1) = 2a
1 1−x
0 f (x)−f (1) x −1
f+ = limx→1+ x−1 = limx→1+ x−1 = limx→1+ x−1
x

−(x−1) 1 1 1
limx→1+ x ∗ x−1 = limx→1+ − x = − 1 = −1
Thus, f is differentiable at x = 12 if and only if 2a = −1 and a + b = 1. Therefore:
if a = − 21 , then b = 1 21 .