FULLY WORKED SOLUTIONS

CHAPTER

11
1 MACLAURIN
FUNCTIONS
SERIES

Focus
Focus on
STPM
STPM
1 11
1 Let      f (x) = e x sin x d4y dy d 3y d 2y d 2y
 ⇒ f(0) = e0
4 = -2
d  x 1 2 + 2 -2 2
d  x d  x d  x
3
d  x 1 2
=1 dy d y 3
dy 2 2

f ′(x) = (x cos x + sin x) e x sin x

= -2 1 21 2 1 2
d  x d  x 3
-2 2
d  x
= (x cos x + sin x) f(x) When x = 0, y = ln (cos 0)
⇒ f ′(0) = (0 cos 0 + sin 0)(1) = ln 1
=0 =0
f ″(x) = (x cos x + sin x) f ′(x) + f (x) dy
When x = 0, = - tan 0
(-x sin x + cos x + cos x) d  x
= (x cos x + sin x) f ′(x) + f (x) =0
(-x sin x + 2 cos x) dy2

⇒ f ″(x) = 0 + 1(2) When x = 0, 2 = -(1 + tan2 0)

d  x
=2
= -1
Hence, f (x) = 1 + f ′(0)x + f ′′(0) x + …
2

dy 3
dy d 2y
e x sin x
=1+
2x2
+…
2!
When x = 0, 3 = -2
d  x 1 21 2
d  x d  x2
2 = -2(0)(-1)
= 1 + x2 + …  [Shown] =0
2   y = ln (cos x) dy4
dy d 3y d 2y 2
dy –sin x
When x = 0, 4 = -2
d  x 1 21 2 1 2
d  x d  x3
- 2
d  x2
= = -tan x
d  x cos x = -2(0)(0) - 2(-1)2
d 2y = -2
2 = -sec2 x = -(1 + tan2 x)
Hence, ln (cos x) = f (0) + f ′(0)x + f ″(0) x
2
d  x
d 3y 2!
3 = -2 tan x(sec2 x) x3
x4
d  x + f ′″(0) + f IV(0) + …
= -2(-tan x)(-sec2 x) 3! 4!
= 0 + 0x - x + 0x3
2

dy d 2y 2
-2 x +… 1 2
4

  d  x d  x2
24
d 2y
1 d  dyx2 1 d  x 2  [Shown] = -x - x + …
2 4
= -2 2
2 12

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AHEAD Mathematics
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 3 y 2 = 1 + sin x … 1 4 y = cos x  … 1
dy y 2 = cos x
2y = cos x … 2
d  x dy
  2y = -sin x … 2
d 2y dy dy d  x
2y 2 + 2 = - sin x
d  x d  x d  x d 2y dy dy
2y 2 + 2 = - cos x
d 2y dy 2 d  x d  x d  x
2y 2 + 2
d  x d  x 1 2
= 1 - y2
d 2y dy 2
d 2y dy 2
  y
d  x 2
+1 2 d  x
1
= - cos x
2
2y 2 + 2 1 2
+ y2 - 1 = 0 … 3 [Shown]
dy 2
dy
1 2 1
2
d  x d  x y 2+ = - y2
d  x d  x 2
d 3y d 2y dy dy d 2y dy
2y 3 + 2  2 + 4 + 2y 1 21 2
=0 dy 2
dy 2
d  x d  x d  x d  x d  x2
d  x y 2+
d  x 1 2
d  x
+ 1 y2 = 0 [Shown] … 3
2
dy dy dy2

1 2 1d  x 2 + 21 d  dyx 21d  x 2 + y d  dyx = 0

dy
3 2
y + d y d y dy
3 2
dy d 2y 1 dy
d  x3 d  x 2 2
y 3+ 2 + 2  2 +  2y =0
d  x d  x d  x d  x d  x 2 d  x
d 3y dy d 2y dy
y
d  x3 1 21 2
+3
d  x d  x2
+ y = 0  … 4
d  x
d 3y
y 3+3  2+y
d  x
dy d 2y
d  x d  x
dy
d  x
=0

When x = 0, y = 1 + sin 0 (from 1 ) … 4

=1 d y d y dy
4 3
dy d y d y 3 2
y 4+ 3 +3  + 
dy d  x d  x d  x d  x d  x3 d  x2
When x = 0, 2(1) = cos 0 (from 2 ) dy 2
d y dy dy
2
d  x  3 2+y 2+  =0
dy = 1 d  x d  x d  x d  x
2
d4y dy d 3y d 2y 2 d 2y dy
d  x 2
2
y 4+4
d  x 1 21 2 1 2
d  x d  x3
+ 3
d  x2
+ y 1 2
+
d  x2 d  x
=0
d 2y
When x = 0, 2(1) 2 + 2
d  x
1
2 12 + 12 - 1 = 0 … 5

(from 3 ) When x = 0, y = cos 0 = 1 (from 1 )

dy 1 2
dy
=- When x = 0, 2(1) = -sin 0 (from 2 )
d  x2 4 d  x
dy 3
When x = 0, (1) 3 + 3
d  x
1 1
2 4
1
2 1 21 2
- + (1) = 0
dy
d  x
=0
(from 4 ) d 2y 1
When x = 0, (1) 2 + 02 + (1)2 = 0
d 3y 1 d  x 2
=-  (from 3 )
d  x3 8
d 2y 1
Hence, 1 + sin x = f (0) + f ′(0)x + f ″(0) =-
d  x2 2
x2 + f ′″(0) x3 + .  .  . d 3y
2! 3! When x = 0, (1)
d  x3
1
2 1 2
+ 3(0) - + (1)(0) = 0
1 1 x2 1 x3 (from 4 )
= 1 + x -
2 4 2!
-
8 3! 1 2
+… 1 2 d 3y
=0
x x2 x3 d  x3
= 1 + - - +…
2 8 48

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ACE AHEAD Mathematics
Mathematics(T)
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 d 4y 2
d 3y
When x = 0, (1)
d  x4
+ 4(0)(0) + 31 2
-
1
2
When x = 0, (1 - 02)
d  x3
+ (0)[-2(0)]
- (0)(0) - 1 = 0 (from 4 )
1 21
+ (1) - + 02 = 0 (from 5 )
2 dy 3
=1
d 4y 1 d  x3
=-
Hence, sin-1 x = f (0) + f ′(0) x + f ″(0) x
2
d  x4 4
2!
Hence, cos x = f (0) + f ′(0)x + f ″(0) x
2

2! + f ′″(0) + x3
.  .  .
3!
+ f ′″(0) x + f  IV(0) x + .  .  .
3 4

=x+ x 3
+…
3! 4!
6
=1-
1 x2
1 2 - 1 2
1 x4
+…
∫ 1 1+x+x +x 2
0.4 0.4 2 3
2 2
x2 x4
4 24 6 ∫ 0.1
ex cos x d  x = 
0.1 2! 3!
=1- - +…
1 2
1 - x d  x
2
4 96
2!
5 y = sin-1 x … 1
∫ 11 - 2
sin y = x = x
0.4 2
+x-x +x
3 2

dy 2 2
1 2
0.1
(cos y) =1
d  x
2
+ x d  x
3

dy 6
1 - sin2 y 1 2 d  x
=1

∫ 11 + x - 3 2 d  x
=
0.4
x 3
dy
1 - x2 1 2
d  x
= 1 … 2 0.1

0.4

3
= x+ x - x 4
2 4
dy 2
(1 - x2) 1 2
d  x
=1
2 12 0.1

= 0.4 + 0.4 - 0.4

2 4
dy d 2y dy 2
1 2 1 2

(1 - x2)  2
+ (-2x) = 0 2 12
d  x d  x2 d  x
1
0.1 - 0.1 2
2 4
dy - 0.1 +
(1 - x2) d y2 - x
2
=0 2 12
d  x d  x
 [Shown]  … 3 = 0.373
d 3y d 2y d 2y dy
(1 - x2) 3 + 2 (-2x) - x 2 - =0 0.5
sin x d  x = 0.5

… 4
d  x d  x d  x d  x 7 ∫ 0 1-x ∫ (sin x)(1 - x)
0
-1
d  x

= ∫ 1x - 2[1 +
0.5
x 3

When x = 0, y = sin 0 = 0
-1
(from 1 ) -1
C1(-x) +
0 3
dy
When x = 0, 1 - 02
d  x 1 2
= 1 (from 2 )
-1
C2(-x)2 + -1C3(-x)3] d  x

dy
∫ 1 2
x - x (1 + x + x2 + x3) d  x
0.5 3
=1 =
d  x 0 3
d 2y
When x = 0, (1 - 02) 2 - (0)(1) = 0
∫ 1x + x + x3 - x d  x 2
0.5 3
d  x = 2
0 3
 (from 3 )

∫ 1x + x + 2x d  x2
0.5 3
d 2y
=0 = 2

d  x2 0 3

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AHEAD Mathematics
AHEAD (T) Second
Mathematics Semester
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 1π2 + x2
0.5

3
= x + x + x 4
2 3 4
9 f (x) = csc … 1
2 3 6 0

π π
 f ′(x) = - csc 1 + x2 cot 1 + x2 … 2
= 0.5 + 0.5 + 0.5 - 0
2 3 4
2 2
2 3 6
= 0.177 f ″(x) = - csc 1π2 + x23-csc 1π2 + x242

π π
8 e2x ln 1 - 2x + cot 1 + x23csc 1 + x2
2 2
= e2x
312 ln (1 - 2x)4 π
cot 1 + x24
2
1 (2x)2 (2x)3 (2x)4
2 3
=  1 + 2x +
2!
+
3!
+
4!
+… 4 = csc3 1π2 + x2 + cot 1π2 + x2
2

(-2x)2 (-2x)3 (-2x)4

3
-2x -
2
+
3
-
4
+… 4 csc 1π2 + x2
1
1
=  1 + 2x + 4x + 8x + 16x + … 2
2 3 4

2 2 6 24 = csc3 1π2 + x2 + 3csc 1π2 + x2 - 14

2

1 4x 8x 16x
2
2 3 4
-2x - - - +…
2 3 4
csc 1π2 + x2
1
1 4
=  1 + 2x + 2x2 + x3 + x4 + …
2 3
2
3 2
= csc3 1π2 + x2 + csc 1π2 + x2
3

1 8
-2x - 2x2 - x3 - 4x4 + …
3 2
- csc 1π2 + x2
1
1 8
=  -2x - 2x2 - x3 - 4x4 - 4x2 - 4x3
2 3
16
- x4 - 4x3 - 4x4 - x4 + …
8
2
= 2 csc3 1π2 + x2 - csc 1π2 + x2
3 3  … 3
=
1
2 1 2 32
-2x - 6x - x - 16x4 - …
3
3
2      f ″(x) = 2[f (x)]3 - f (x)  [Shown]
16
= -x - 3x2 - x3 - 8x4 - …
f ′″(x) = 6[f (x)]2 f ′(x) - f ′(x)  … 4
3 f IV (x) = 6[f (x)]2 f ″(x) + f ′(x)  12 f (x) f ′(x)
1
4 - f ″(x)
When e 2x ln 1 - 2x = e 5 ln ,
5 = 6[ f (x)]2 f ″(x) + 12 f (x)[f ′(x)]2
4 - f ″(x)
1 - 2x = … 5
5
π
⇒x= 1
10
When x = 0, f (0) = csc
21+ 0 (from 1 ) 2
1
4 1 3 16
=1
= - - -
Hence, e5 ln
5 10 100 3000 π
1
f ′(0) = -csc + 0 cot + 0
2
π
2 2 1 2
8
- (from 2 )
10 000
=0
= - 1021   [Shown] f ″(0) = 2(1)3 - 1 (from 3 )
7500
=1

ACE AHEAD
ACE AHEAD Mathematics
Mathematics(T)
(T)Second Semester
First Term SecondFourth Edition
Edition
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 f ′″(0) = 6(1)2(0) - 0 (from 4 ) -sin x - (sin2 x + cos2 x)
=
=0 (1 + sin x)2

f (0) = 6(1)2(1) + 12(1)(0)2 - 1 -sin x - 1

IV
=
(1 + sin x)2
(from 5 )
-(sin x + 1)
=5 =
(1 + sin x)2
f (x) = f (0) + f ′(0)x + f ″(0) x + f ′″(0) x
2 3
1
=-
2! 3! 1 + sin x
+ f (0) + …
IV x 4

4! = -(1 + sin x)-1 … 3

π f ′″(x) = (1 + sin x)-2 cos x
1 2
+ x = 1 + x + 5x + …
2 4
cosec
2 2 24 cos x 
= … 4
2 (1 + sin x)2

Hence, cosec 1π2 + 121 2 ≈ 1 + 12 1121 2 + 245 When x = 0, f (0) = ln (1 + sin 0)
4 (from 1 )
1121 2 =0
≈ 1.00348 f ′(0) = cos 0
1 + sin 0
(from 2 )
1- 1– x + x +… 1 2
2 4

1 - cos x 2! 4! =1
10 =
x sin x x
1
+ x +… 2 1
3 5
xx– f ″(0) = -
3! 5! 1 + sin 0
(from 3 )
x2 x4
- +… = -1
= 2 24
x4 x6 cos 0
x2 - + +… f ′″(0) =
6 120 (1 + sin 0)2
(from 4 )
1 - x2 + … =1
Dividing
= 2 24 each term
f ″(0)x2 f ′″(0)x3
1 - x + x + … by x2
2 4
f (x) = f (0) + f ′(0) x + + +…
6 120 2! 3!
1-0+…
ln (1 + sin x) = x - x + x + …
2 3

Hence, lim 1 - cos x = 2 2 6
x→0 x sin x 1-0+0+…
1 ln (1 + sin x) - x
= lim
2 x→0 x2

1
x– x + x +… –x 2
2 3
11 Let f (x) = ln (1 + sin x)… 1
= lim 2 6
cos x
  f ′(x) = … 2 x→0 x2
1 + sin x
-x + x +…
2 3

(1 + sin x)(-sin x) - cos x (cos x) = lim 2 6

f ″(x) =
(1 + sin x)2 x→0 x2

=
-sin x - sin2 x - cos2 x
x→0 11 x
= lim - + + …
2 6 2
(1 + sin x)2
= -1
2

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AHEAD Mathematics
AHEAD (T) Second
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 dx
= −1
3
d y 2
= −2 sec 0 tan 0
dx 3
=0
12 x2 d y
4

x- - ln (1 + x ) = −2 sec 4 0 − 4 tan 2 0 sec 2 0 (from 5 )

2 dx 4
lim
x→0 x3 = −2
x 2 x 2 x3 x 4 x5
x-
2
- x- 1 2
+
3
-
4
+
5
-
2 y = ln cos x
x2 x3
= lim
x→0 x 3
= f (0 ) + f ′ (0 ) x + f ′′ (0 ) + f ′′′ (0 )
2! 3!
3 4 5
x x x x4
− + − + + f IV (0 ) +
= lim 3 4 5 4!
3
x→0 x x2 x4
1 x x2 = 0 + 0 + ( −1) + 0 + ( −2) + 
= lim − + − +  2 24
x→0 3 4 5 x 2
x 4

1 =− −
=− 2 12
3
π 1 π 2 1 π 4
(b) ln cos =− −
13 (a) y = ln cos x … 1 10 2 10 12 10
dy − sin x
= = −0.0502 ( correct to 4 d.p.)
dx cos x
−1
= − tan x 14 y = e sin x
… 1 ln y = sin −1 x
d2 y
= − sec 2 x 1 dy 1
dx 2 … 3 = … 2
y dx 1 − x2
d3 y
= −2 sec x (sec x tan x )
dx 3 2
1 dy 1
= −2 sec 2 x tan x =
… 4 y 2 dx 1 − x2
d4 y
dx 4
= −2 sec x sec x
2 2
( ) (1 − x2 ) dy
2

= y2
dx
+ tan x ( −4 sec x (sec x tan x )) 2

(1 − x ) 2 dy
dx
− y2 = 0
= −2 sec x − 4 tan x sec x … 5
4 2 2

 2
 2

(1 − x ) (2)  ddyx   ddxy  +

2
2
dy
dx
( −2 x ) − 2 y
dy
dx
=0
When x = 0, y = ln cos 0  (from 1 )
=0 2

dy
(1 − x ) ddxy − x ddyx − y = 0
2
2 … 3 [Shown]
= − tan 0 (from 2 )
dx 3 2 2

=0 (1 − x ) ddxy + ddxy ( −2 x) − x ddxy

2
3 2 2

d2 y dy dy
2
= − sec 0 (from 3 ) − =0 −
dx 2 dx dx
= −1 d3 y d2 y
d3 y
(
1 − x2
dx 3
− 3 x )dx 2
−2 =0
dy
dx
… 4
2
= −2 sec 0 tan 0 4 3
d3 y d2 y d2 y
dx 3
=0
(from 4 ) (
1 − x2
d y d y
+
dx 4 d x 3
) ( − 2 x ) − 3 x
dx 3
− 3
dx 2
− 2
dx 2
=0
4
d3 y d2 y d2 y
d4 y 4 2 2
= −2 sec 0 − 4 tan 0 sec 0 1 − (
x 2 d y

dx 4
− 5 x )dx 3
− 5
dxx 2
− 2
dx 2
=0
dx 4
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 ( ) dx 2
dx
3 2
d2 y
(( ))
2
d y dy 2 dd yy d dyy
2
− x − y1 − x + ( −
1=− x dx23 − xdx 2 − y = 0 dx 2
0 2 2 x ) − x
dx 2 dx dx dx
3
d y d y 2
d y23 2 dy dy 2
dx 3
dx ( )
+ 2 ( −2 x1)−−xx2 d 2 y + d y −( −d2xx−) −dxx d= 0y
ddxx 3 dx 2 dx 2
3 2

(
dy dy2 d y
) d y
− 1−− x = 0 3 − 3 x − 2dy− −2 dy =
dy
= 00 15 (a) y = sec x … 1
dx dx d x d x dx ddxx dy
4 3
d3 y d2 y d2 y = sec x tan x  … 2
(( ))
d3 y d 2 y 1 −dxy22 dd3 yy + d yd 2( − y 2 x ) d
− y3 x − 3 − 2 =0 dx
− 3x 2 −12− x = 0 4 − 3x 3 − 2 = 0 3
dx 3 dx dx ddxx3 dx dx 2 dx dx dx 2 dx 2
… 5 d2 y
d4 y d3 y
(( − ))
2 d
4 3 2 2
d43yy 5dx3ddy2 yy − 5dd2 yy −d23 yd y d 20y
2x d y − d2 y dx 2
( )
= sec x sec x + tan x (sec x tan x )
2

23=
+ ( − 21x ) −x 3 − 3 −
1 − x dx 443 + d3 x2(3−2 x ) dx 2 = 0
−x232x 3d− − 2 =0
dx 4
dx 3
ddxx dxdx dx dx x dx 2 dx 2
= sec x + sec x tan x 
3 2
4 3 2 2
… 3
d y d y d y 4 d y 3 2 2

dx 4
dx ( )
− 5 x 3 −15− x 22 d− 2y − 25 x=d0 y − 5 d y − 2 d y = 0
dxx dx 4 dx dx 3 dxx 2 dx 2
d3 y
(
3 sec 2 x sec x tan x + sec x 2 tan x sec 2 x )
3 =
dx
−1 + tan 2 x sec x tan x
From 1 : When x = 0, y = e sin 0 0
= e =1
= 3 sec3 x tan x + 2 tan x sec3 x + tan 3 x sec x
1 dy 1
From 2 : When x = 0, = = 5 sec3 x tan x + tan 3 x sec x  … 4
1 dx 1 − 02
dy d4 y
dx
=1
dx 4
3 2
(
= 5 sec x sec x + tan x 15 sec x sec x tan x
2
)
d2 y (
+ tan 3 x (sec x tan x ) + sec x 3 tan 2 x sec 2 x )
From 3 : When x = 0, 1 − 0 2
dx 2
( )
− 0 −1 = 0
= 5 sec x + 15 sec x tan x + tan 4 x sec x
5 3 2

d2 y + 3 tan 2 x sec3 x
=1
dx 2 = 5 sec5 x + 18 tan 2 x sec3 x + tan 4 x sec x
From 4 : When x = 0,  … 5
From 1 , when x = 0, y = sec 0 = 1
d3 y
(
1− 02
)
dx 3
− 0 − 2(1) = 0 From 2 , when x = 0,
d3 y dy
=2 = sec 0 tan 0 = 0
dx 3 dx
From 5 : When x = 0 From 3 , when x = 0,
d2 y
d4 y
(
1− 02
)
dx 4
− 0 − 5(1) = 0 dx 2
= sec3 0 + sec 0 tan 2 0 = 1

From 4 , when x = 0,
d4 y
=5
dx 4 d3 y
= 5 sec3 0 tan 0 + tan 3 0 sec 0 = 0
ff′′(0) ′′′(0) dx 3
y = ff(0) + ′(0) x + ff′′(0) x 22 + ′′′(0) x 33
y = ff(0) + ′(0) x + 2! x + 3! x From 5 , when x = 0,
2! 3!
f IV
IV ( 0) 4
+ f (0) x 4 + ... d4 y
+ 4 ! x + ... = 5 sec5 0 + 18 tan 2 0 sec3 0
4! 2 dx 4
x 2 2 x 33 5 x 44
y = 1 + x + x + 2 x + 5 x + ... + tan 3 0 sec 0
y = 1 + x + 2! + 3! + 4 ! + ...
2! 3! 4! =5
x 22 1 3 5 4
y = 1 + x + x + 1 x + 5 x + ...
y = 1 + x + 2 + 3 x 3 + 24 x 4 + ...
2 3 24

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 f ″ ( 0) x 2
y = sec x = f (0) + f ′(0) x + d3 y
2! + 2 n 2 − 2 n = n3 − n 2
dx 3
f ′″(0) x 3 f IV (0) x 4
+ + +… d3 y
3! 4! n3 − 3n2 + 2n
3 =
dx
x 2 5x 4
=1+ + + …   [Shown] d3 y
2 24
dx 3
(
= n n2 − 3n + 2 )
16 y = (1+ x ) n  … 1 d3 y
= n( n − 2)( n − 1)
dx 3
dy n −1
= n(1 + x ) (1)  … 2 y = (1+ x ) n =
dx
dy n(1 + x ) n f '' (0) x 2 f ''' (0) x 3
= f ( 0) + f ' ( 0) x + +
dx (1 + x ) 2! 3!
dy n( n − 1) x 2 n( n − 1)( n − 2) x 3
(1+ x ) = ny   [Shown] = 1 + nx + +
dx 2 6
d 2 y dy dy
(1 + x ) 2
+ (1) = n  … 3 1
dx dx dx
17 y = (sec x + tan x ) 2  … 1
d3 y d 2 y d2 y d2 y
(1 + x ) 3 + 2 (1) + 2 = n 2
dy 1
( )
1
dx dx dx dx
= (sec x + tan x ) 2 sec x tan x + sec x
− 2

d3 y d2 y d2 y dx 2
(1 + x ) 3 + 2 2 = n 2  … 4
dx dx dx dy 1 1
= 1
⋅ sec x (tan x + sec x )
From 1 , when x = 0, y = (1 + 0)n = 1 dx 2
(sec x + tan x ) 2
From 2 , when x = 0,
1
dy 1 1
dy n −1 = (sec x + tan x ) 2
⋅
= n(1 + 0) = n dx 2 cos x
dx dy 1
From 3 , when x = 0, cos x = y [Shown] … 2
dx 2
d2 y d 2 y dy 1 dy
(1 + 0) 2
+ n = n2 cos x 2
+ ( − sin x ) = … 3
dx dx dx 2 dx 
d3 y d 2 y dy
d2 y cos x 3 + 2 ( − sin x ) + ( − cos x )
2 =
n2 − n dx dx dx
dx 2 2
d y 1d y
= n( n − 1) + ( − sin x ) 2 = 
dx 2 dx 2 … 4
From 4 , when x = 0,

d3 y From 1 , when x = 0,
(1 + 0)
dx 3
( ) (
+ 2 n2 − n = n n2 − n ) 1 1
y = (sec 0 + tan 0) 2 = (1 + 0) 2 = 1

ACE AHEAD
ACE AHEAD Mathematics
Mathematics(T)
(T)Second Semester
First Term SecondFourth Edition
Edition
8 © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2019
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015
 From 2 , when x = 0,
d3 y d2 y dy
dy 1 cos x 3
+ 2 ( − sin x ) + ( − cos x )
cos x= y dx dx dx
dx 2 2
d y 1d y 2

dy 1 +( − sin x ) 2 =
(cos 0) = (1) dx 2 dx 2
dx 2 d3 y 1 1
dy 1 (cos 0) 3
+ ( − sin 0) + ( − cos 0)
(1) = dx 4 2
dx 2 2
d y 1  1
+( − sin 0) 2 =  
dy 1 dx 2  4
= 3
dx 2 d y 1 1
(1) 3 + 0 − (1) − 0 =
From 3 , when x = 0, dx 2 8
d3 y 5
2
d y dy 1 dy =
cos x 2
+ ( − sin x ) = dx 3 8
dx dx 2 dx 1
2
d y 1 1  1 y = (sec x + tan x ) 2 = f (0) + f ′(0) x
(cos 0) + ( − sin 0) =  
dx 2
2 2  2 f ″(0) x 2 f ′″(0) x 3
+ + +…
2! 3!
d2 y 1
= 1 2 5 3
dx 2 4 x x
1
=1+ x + 4 + 8 + …
From 4 , when x = 0, 2 2! 3!
1 1 5 3
=1+ x + x2 + x +… [Shown]
2 8 48

ACE ACE
AHEAD Mathematics
AHEAD (T) Second
Mathematics Semester
(T) First FourthEdition
Term Second Edition
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2019
© Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 2015 9