Chart.

1 Gender of Participants

Pie Chart Showing Gender Percentage of Chart. 1 shows

Participants
Bar Chart Showing Smokers and Non-
that 5 of the
Smokers
5 Chart. 2 Smokers and Non-Smokers participants were
MALE
Number of Participants

4 female,
FEMALE
3 44% Male
Female accounting for
56%
2
56% of the total.
1
While 4 were
0
Yes No
Do You Smoke?
male which

accounts for

44% of the total sample. All together 9 participants took part.

Chart. 2 shows that 4 people from the sample group smoke, with 2 being male and 1 female.

It also shows 6 participants do not smoke, 4 from this group were female and 2 male.

Chart. 3 Percentages with/without Asthma

Yes
Pie Chart Showing 11%

Percentage of
Participants with Asthma

No
89%
Chart. 3 shows that 11% of the sample group has asthma, this percentage accounts for 1 male

only. The rest of the group 8 people or 89% do not have asthma. From the eight who do not

have asthma 5 were female and 3 were male.

Chart. 4 Level of Fitness

Bar Chart Showing the

Number of Participants

Level of Fitness of each

Participant
0 2 2 1 2 1 1

Level of Fitness

Chart. 4 show the level of fitness each participant rated themselves. 4 participants, consisting
of 2 females and 2 males, said they were fairly fit. 1 male and 2 female’s described their level
of fitness as ‘some exercise’. 2 participants, 1 male and 1 female, classed their level of fitness
as ‘unfit’.

Chart. 5 Respiration Rate

Resting Breath Rate

Compared with Breaths
After Exercise
Breaths per/min

39 14 36 16 37
14 30 18 30
23
0 18 14 17 18 18
w g y a h a a a
tt e reg ham onn jell ora oni dre ual
a G ra Name J Mofa Particpant
b S An N
M G De
Chart. 5 shows the respirations per/min before (blue line) and after (red line) the exercise
activity. The first three figures for post exercise rate are missing due to absence from the
participants. This line graph shows a high increase in breathing rate for all participants, post
exercise which was expected. Majella had a low increase of only 4 extra breaths per/min.
This could result from her either being very fit or not exercising hard enough. The largest
increase was Jonny with an extra 21 breaths per/min after exercise. This could result from
being unfit or exercising harder than the others.

Chart. 6 Pulse Rate

Resting Pulse Rate

Compared with Pulse
After Exercise
Beats per/min

66 118
0 94 67 155
75 87 61 98
58 93 65 120
62 97 80 104
72
am
ew

ea
De lla

An ia

ala
Gr gg

M y

h
nn

ra

Name of Participant
n
e

aje

dr
att

Nu
ah

So
bo
Gr

Jo
M

Chart.6 shows the pulse rate beats per/min before (blue line) and after (red line) the exercise
activity. This line graph shows that every participants pulse rate increased exercise. The
largest increase was Jonny with an extra 97 beats per/min immediately upon stopping
exercise. The smallest increase was Graham with 20 extra beats per/min post exercise.
Chart 7. Age verses Recovery Time
6

5 Scatter Graph Showing the Relationship

Between Age and Recovery Time
Num ber of Minutes Chart .7 lists
4 the age of each
participant
3 along the
horizontal axis
2 of the scatter
graph. Along
1 the vertical
axis is the
Age of Participant
0 number of
minutes taken
post exercise
to recover to
baseline heart/respiration rate. The heart rate recovery time is marked in blue on the graph
and the line of best fit (blue) shows that there is no correlation between age and pulse
recovery time. The red markers on the graph represent the respiration recovery time figures.
The line of best fit (red) show a slight negative correlation between age and respiratory
recovery time. This could be due to the fact some of the data for this group is incomplete due
to participant absence.

Chart 8. VC and ERV Figures.

Bar Chart Showing VC and ERV

6000
5500 Vital Capicity (VC) ml
5000 Expiratory Reserve Volume
4500 (ERV) ml
4000
Milliteres of Air

3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
Mattew Gregg Graham Jonny Majella Deborah Sonia Andrea Nuala
Name of Participant
Chart 8. shows in blue the vital capacity figures for each participant. This chart also shows
each participant’s expiratory reserve volume in red. From the above chart, the mean, median,
mode and range for each set of figures can be revealed:-

Vital Capacity (VC) ml Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) ml

Median 3000 1300
Mean 3533.33 1551.1
Mode 3000 No mode
Range 3900 2700

The resting heart rate which can be seen on Chart 6 can vary from person to person for a

number of reasons. The heart rate becomes elevated when the person is feeling the effects of

stress, dehydration or under the influence of a stimulant. This can be in the form of illegal

drugs or more commonly caffeine, which is found in coffee and energy drinks. Carrying too

much body weight means the more the heart must work harder to supply it with blood.

As well as increasing the heart rate, some factors contribute towards having a lower heart

rate. It can be a sign of being very fit. Healthy young adults and athletes often have heart

rates of less than 60 beats a minute. Certain types of medication such as beta-blockers help

slow the heart rate by blocking the effect of the hormone adrenaline. Marieb et al (2014)

The reasons outlined above, along with some other factors can have an effect on the validity

of the results from this investigation. As the sample participant group was very small, not a

lot of data was produced in order to analyse. Checking the pulse rate of each participant

manually, left an opportunity for counting mistakes. The use of an electronic heart rate

monitor would have given much more accurate results. Also the intensity and duration of the

exercise activity was difficult to standardise, this was due to different fitness levels and

relying on participants to record themselves. This could have been made more accurate with

the use of purpose built fitness equipment including intensity and time controls.