Kathmandu University

End Semester Exam

2009
Level : B.E Course : COEG 422
Roll No Year
Date Semester
Section 'A'
Objective
 Choose the most appropriate answers
 Symbols are their usual meanings unless stated and missing parameters can be assumed suitably
Attempt All [20*1=20]

1. Figure shows a chopper operating from a 100V dc input . The duty ratio of the main switch S is 0.8. The
load is sufficiently inductive so that the load current is ripple free. The average current through diode D
under steady state is

[ ] 1.6A [ ] 6.4 A
[ ] 8.0A [ ] 10 A

2. The figure below show a step down chopper switched at 1 KHz with duty cycle D= 0.5 . The Peak to Peak
ripple in load current is close to

[ ] 10 A [ ] 0.5 A
[ ] 0.125A [ ] 0.25A

3. A 50 KW dc shunt motor is loaded to draw rated armature current at any given speed . When driven (i) at
half the rated speed by armature voltage control and (ii) at 1.5 times the rated speed by field control , the
respective output powers delivered by motor are approximately
[ ] 25 KW in (i) and 75 KW in (ii) [ ] 25 KW in (i) and 50 KW in (ii)
[ ] 50 KW in (i) and 75 KW in (ii) [ ] 50 KW in (i) and 50 KW in (ii)

4. A single phase semi converter is driving a separately excited DC motor . The DC motor has back emf
constant of 0.5V/rpm . The armature current is 5A without any ripple . The armature resistance is 2 and
rated speed of 1000 rpm . The converter is working from a 230 V supply , and firing angle α=300. Under
this condition the speed of the motor will be
[ ] 291 rpm [ ] 300 rpm [ ] 280 rpm [ ] 1000 rpm

5. Three Phase semi –converter feed the armature of a separately excited DC motor, supplying a non zero
torque. For steady state operation, the motor armature current is found to drop to zero at certain instant of
time. At such instances the armature voltage assumes a value that is
[ ] Equal to the instantaneous value of the ac phase voltage
[ ] Equal to the instantaneous value of the motor back emf
[ ] Arbitrary [ ] Zero

6. The Triac circuit shown in figure control the ac output power to the resistive load. The peak power
dissipation in the load is

[ ] 3968W [ ] 5290W
[ ] 7935 W [ ] 10580W
7. A thyristorised, three phase, fully controlled converter feeds a dc load that draws a constant current. Then
the input a.c. line current to the converter has
[ ] an r.m.s value equal to the dc load current
[ ] an average value equal to the dc load current
[ ] a peak value equal to the dc load current
[ ] a fundamental frequency component ,whose r.m.s. value is equal to the dc load current

8. A single phase semi converter if the load current is I and ripple free then input r.m.s. current is -
____________ where α is firing angle
    
[ ] I [ ]I [ ]I [ ]I
   

9. A dc separately excited motor has constant field current. The armature is fed from single phase full
converter. At no load, when α =00 the speed is 500 rpm. If α increased to 450 , the speed is likely to be
about
[ ] 353 rpm [ ] 173 rpm [ ] 125 rpm [ ] 450 rpm
10. The equilibrium point of the Drive will be stable
dT l dT dT dT dT dT
[ ]  [ ] l  [ ] l  [ ] none of the above
d d d d d d
11. An electric motor , developing a starting torque of 15Nm , starts with a load torque of 7Nm on its shaft . If
the acceleration at start is 2 rad/ sec2, the moment of inertia of the system must be ( neglecting viscous and
coulombic/friction)
[ ] 0.25Kgm2 [ ] 0.25Nm2 [ ] 4Kgm2 [ ] 4Nm2

12. A three-phase 4-pole, 10 horsepower, 460V rms/60Hz (line-to line) runs at full-load speed of 1746 rpm.
The motor is fed from an inverter to make input 230V r.m.s. /30 Hz( line to line ). The speed of motor at
full load is likely to be.
[ ] 1746 rpm [ ] 873 rpm [ ] 1800 rpm [ ] 900 rpm

13. In converter fed drives the armature current becomes discontinuous if

[ ] If La is not large enough, or when the motor is lightly loaded, or if supply is single phase.
[ ] If La is small and the motor is fully loaded only.
[ ] If supply is single phase only.
[ ] If Ra is large enough.
14. The three phase induction motor speed is controlled by slip power recovery scheme. If the transformer
turns ratio is twice of stator to rotor voltage turns ratio and maximum permissible firing angle control is
limited to 1650 due to commutation overlap then by varying the firing angle 900 to 1650 speed can be
controlled from ______________________
[ ] Synchronous to zero [ ] Synchronous to half of synchronous
[ ] Synchronous to 52% of synchronous speed [ ] None of the above

15. 460V, 3, 60Hz 6 poles Y WRIM three phase induction motor’s speed is controlled by rotor chopper
control scheme. The motor is driving constant torque of value equal to half of rated torque and the
external resistance is chosen such that the breakdown torque occurs at stand still .If the value slip for  =1
is 0.03 then by varying the  zero to one the speed can be controlled from
[ ] 1200 to 600 rpm [ ] 1164 to 600 rpm [ ] 1200 to Zero [ ] 1164 to 564 rpm

16. The effective dc resistance seen from input terminal for the circuit shown in
below figure is __________ , if chopping frequency is 10khz and
 duty cycle =0.4
[ ] 5 [ ] 6 [ ] 10 [ ] 0

17. A three phase full converter is used to control the speed of electrical hoist as shown figure. When the hoist
is lowering the load to limit speed in safe value motor must produce opposite torque in anticlockwise
direction this can be achieved by

[ ] Simply delaying the gate pulses by more than 900 and adjusting Ed to obtain the desired current flow.
[ ] Simply delaying the gate pulses by more than 00 .
[ ] Simply delaying the gate pulses by more than 900.
[ ] None of the above
18. For the single phase semi converter fed separately excited dc drive free wheeling mode exit for
interval________ and the motor equation for this mode is _____
dI
[ ]  t   and V V mSint  R a I a  L a  K
dt
dI
[ ]  t   and R a I a L a  K  0
dt
d
[ ]   t () and 0  J  B T l
dt
dI a
[ ]   t   and V V mSint  R a I a  L  K
dt
19. A single phase full bridge inverter has a periodic output voltage as shown in below figure . The width of
the PWM signal to eliminate 5th harmonic from output voltage and r.m.s. value of the output voltage are
________ and _________ respectively

2 2
[ ] 1200 and 220 volt [ ] 720 and 220 volt
3 5
1
[ ] 1800 and 220 volt [ ] 450 volt
4

20. For the chopper Fed dc drives at time tx the armature current reach to zero. The operation of the drive
will be continuous if
 ton 
 t

t x   ln  1  V S E (1 e  )  
 on
[ ]  e  E 
  
 
 ton 
 V S E
t on

t x   ln   (1 e  ) 
[ ] e 1  E 
  
 
  ton 
  V S E
t
 on 
t x   ln e  
1  (1 e 
[ ] E
) 
  
 
[ ] None of the above
 Kathmandu University
End Semester Exam
2009
Level: B.E Course: COEG 422
Year: IV Semester: II
Subjective
 Symbols have their usual meanings unless stated
 Attempt any FIVE
 Missing parameters can be assumed suitably
Section B
Question No 1 [2+9x1=11]

A three-phase thyristor converter is shown in the figure below. In the first part of the problem, assume the line
inductance to be neglected. The line voltage rms value is 230V and 50Hz (sinusoidal). The load current is
10A.For questions (a) to (f) assume zero source inductance and for (g) to rest part assume Ls = 5mH, in all the
phases
a) From the figure, it can be seen that Vd = VPn – VNn. Make a sketch of these three voltages for the case
that the gate currents are constantly present.
b) For the same conditions as in (a), sketch ia, ib, and ic. Indicate in the sketch when the thyristors are
conducing.
c) List the conditions needed for a thyristor to start conducting. What are the conditions for it to stop
conducting
d) Sketch Vd, VPn and VNn for the firing angle, α, equal to 60o
e) Find the equation for the average value of the dc voltage Vd, where the firing angle α is a variable.
f) Calculate the ac power passing through the rectifier when the firing angle is 60o
g) Sketch Vd, VPn and VNn keeping α, still equal to 60o
h) Find the equation for the average value of the dc voltage Vd, where the firing angle α is a variable,
taking the influence of the line inductance Ls into the consideration
i) Calculate the firing angle α that provides the same power as in (f).
j) Find the commutation angle  in this case.

Question No 2 [1+4+2+4]
A) Sketch the circuit diagram for the single phase semi converter fed separately excited dc drive .
B) Sketch the well labeled wave form for the load voltage , load current , source current and current
through freewheeling diode for discontinuous conduction when  1800.
C) Obtain the expression for the critical speed and load voltage for the dis-continuous conduction
D) single phase semi converter is fed from the 230V, 50 Hz ac source. If R l=10 W and large inductance is
connected to output side of the converter to give the constant load current .If firing angle a=300
 Determine: average output voltage , r.m.s. output voltage , r.m.s. value of source current , fundamental
component of source current , harmonic factor , displacement factor , and input power factor

Question No 3 [6+5= 11]

A) A 230 V, 1200 rpm, 15A separately excited dc motor has armature resistance and inductance of 1.8 W
and 32 mH respectively. Motor is controlled by a single phase full converter with source voltage of
230V and 50Hz .Identify the mode and calculate
i. Speed for α= 450 and torque =10N-m
ii. Additional inductance in armature to make current continuous if armature current is
discontinuous
B) A separately excited DC motor drives a constant load torque that requires Ia=25A from 220V supply ,
Ra=0.7W , La=2mH , the armature voltage is chopper controlled at 1000hz and it is necessary to use full
conduction at top speed of 1000 rpm . At what value of the speed armature current become
discontinuous if duty cycle is 50%.
Question No 4 [6+5=11]
A) 460V, 3f, 60Hz 1170rpm Y WRIM has following parameters
Rs =0.1W Rr’=0.06W Xs=0.3W Xr’=0.6W Xm=40W
aT=2 Rd=0.01W
The value of the external resistance is chosen such that break down torque occurs at s=2 and d=0
Calculate
i. Value of the external resistance
ii. Torque for d=0.5 and s =0.5
B) A three phase full-bridge inverter uses multiple bipolar notches and it is required to eliminate 5th, 7th and
11th harmonics from output wave form. Determine no of notches and their angles
Question No 5 [7+4=11]
A) An induction motor is fed with a voltage Vs containing harmonic components. Some of these are:
1. harmonic = Vs1
5. harmonic = 0.2 Vs1
7. harmonic = 0.14 Vs1
a) Write the mathematical expression for all the three phases for these three voltages as function of time.
use the angular frequency 1, 5 and 7 in the equations. At the zero crossing of the sinusoidal
voltages there is no phase shift between the different harmonic components in the voltages.
b) Substitute 1 = s, 5 = 5s and 7 = 7s in the equations. Draw a phasor diagram for each
harmonic component.
c) Find the air gap flux due to the 5. and 7. harmonic. Calculate the speed and the direction of the two
harmonic components.
d) Find the interaction between the 5.H and the fundamental. Also find it for the 7.H and the
fundamental. Illustrate the total interaction.
e) In which way will these results influence torque and speed at a given operating condition? Indicate
how the ripple in the speed depends on the actual speed.
B) A Class A chopper is driving a separately excited dc motor then find the expression for critical
chopping frequency
Question No 6 [7+4=11]
A) Calculate the required turns ratio ( aT=at1/at2) to control the speed of induction motor from stand still to
synchronous speed , in the case of the slip power recovery scheme .
B) A three phase induction motor is using a three phase VSI for the V/f control. The IM has following rated
parameter
Voltage =415V
Frequency =50Hz
Slip =5%
Pole Pair =2
 If the inverter gives 415(r.m.s.) Volt with modulation index of 0.8, calculate the required modulation
index if the motor need to be operated at the rotor mechanical speed of 10 Hz

References
Chopper Fed RLE load
 t 0 n
  t 0 n 
V 1 e   E
 V  e 1  E
I 1  T 
 I 2  T 
R  R R   R
  e 1 

 1 e 
  kT  (1 k )T
  ton 
 V E
t

  t x   ln 
 on
V (1 e )(1 e 

e
1  S
 (1  e 
) 

I   T  

 E 

R 
 1 e  
Chopper Fed DC series Motor (For Dc separately Excited motor Kresw = E and Kafw=0)
 t 0 n
  t 0 n 
V  1 e   k res  V  e 1  k res 
I 1  T  I 2  T 
R  k af    R  k af  R  k af     R  k af 
 1 e  e 1 


 t on 
 t on


t x   ln e 1  V S k res  (1 e  )
 k res  
  
 

For DC separately Excited Semi converter Fed Drive(Continuous Mode )

V m(1  cos  ) V m(1  cos  ) R aT d
V av W 
 K ( K ) 2
For DC separately Excited Semi converter Fed Drive( Discontinuous Mode )
V (1  cos  )  (     ) E b V mR a
V av m [( Sin .e ( ) cot   Sin(   )e ( ) cot  ]
 ZK
W mc
[1 e ( ) cot  ]
Vm E
[( Sin .e (   ) cot   Sin(   )e (   ) cot  ]  b [1 e (   ) cot  ]  0
Z Ra

For DC separately Excited single phase Full converter Fed Drive(Continuous Mode)
2
V av V mcos 
2V mCos R aT L
W  
 K ( K ) 2
For DC separately Excited single phase Full converter Fed Drive(Discontinuous Mode)
V (Cos  Cos ) R aT L Vm 1  e  cot  
W  m  W  Cos  .Sin (   )  e  cot  1 
K (    ) ( K ) 2 (    ) mc
K  
Vm E
[ Sin(    )  Sin(   )e cot (   ) ]  b [1 e cot  (   ) ]  0
Z R
1
V av [V m(cos   cos  )  E b {  (   )}]

For DC separately Excited three phase semi converter Fed Drive(Continuous Mode)
 1
3 3V m  3  2  2
V dc (1  cos  ) V rms 3V    3 cos  
2
2 m
4  3 
For DC separately Excited three phase full converter Fed Drive(Continuous Mode)
1
3 3V m 1 3 3 2
V dc cos  V  3Vm 
 2  4 cos 2 

rms
 
Speed Control by Rotor chopper
 2  R *'  0.5a T 2  R d 1    R  ,
 Rf ' 
V R f '  ( R r '  R e *' )
3  s 
T d    2   2 
s   R f 2
'
i 2  R h '    1 R f '    1( R r '  R e *' )

 sR  R '
   ( X  X )
s    9  9
h r
s  
 
Static Kramer Drive
a Per phase power
 r  (1  T 1 cos ) w
aT 2  2  I rms.1 2 V I Cos
E 'I r 'Cos  ( R r 0.5 R d )   1 I rms .1 2  ( R r 0.5 R d )  s r
s  9  s a T 2 .s
Single Phase Semi converter
 1 1
1 V 
V dc  V mSinwt .dwt  m (1  CosV)   1 V m 2 Sin 2 wt .dwt  2  V m  1      Sin 2  2
       
  2  
rms
 2 
2I a 2I a
an  sin n  n  1,3,5......... bn  (1  cos n )  n  1,3,5.........
n n 1 1

2 2I a n a  n 1 2    2
I
2
I n cos  n tan 1  n    I rms  a dwt   I  
n 2  bn  2    a  

Single Phase Full Converter

  1
1 2V m 1  
2 V
V dc
  V mSinwt.dwt 

Cos V rms  V m
2
Sin wt .dwt   m
2

   2

4I a 4I a
an   sin n  n  1,3,5......... bn  (1  cos n )  n  1,3,5.........
n n
1
 
1 2
2 2I a a 

2
I rms  I a dwt  I a
I n  n tan 1  n   n  
n  bn 


Three Phase Semi converter

1
 3 2
3 3Vm
1
Vrms  3Vm {(   )  Sin2 

(1  cos  )
 4
Vdc 
2 

2

 3I a 3I a
a1  Sin b1  (1  cos  )
 
6I a  Fundamental phase shift .=/2
I 1 Cos
 2
 1
    2
Is rms  I 
a   
Three full converter
1
3 3Vm 1 3 3 2
Vdc  cos  Vrms  3Vm   cos 2 
2 2 4 

 4I a n 4I n
an  Sin Sinn bn  a Sin cos n
n 3 n 3
6I a Is rms  I
2
I s1
 a 3
Open Loop Transfer function of the separately excited Dc motor

Due to disturbance in supply only Due to disturbance in load only

N (S ) k

E ( s )  k   RaB(1  s e)(1  s m)
2 1
( s a1)
 (s) B

T L(s)
s  a m   s  a m
2
 1  k 
2

RaB
Closed Loop Transfer function of the separately excited Dc motor

Due to disturbance in supply only Due to disturbance in load only

k 2k 1
( s a1)
N (S ) RaB  (s) B
 
E ( s)
s  a m   s a m   1 
2  k   k1k 2k T L ( s )
2
s 2  a m   s  a m   1 
 k  2  k1k 2k
Ra B RaB