MAXILLARY

SINUS

SUBMITTED BY:
IRYN A. LAGARTO
SUBMITTED TO:
DR. KATRINA ZARINA ROSLIN
 MAXILLARY SINUS

Definition
Maxillary sinus is one of the
four paranasal sinuses, which
are sinuses located near the
nose. The maxillary sinus is
the largest of the
paranasal sinuses. The
two maxillary sinuses are
located below the cheeks,
above the teeth and on the
sides of the nose.
The maxillary sinuses are
shaped like a pyramid and
each contain three cavities,
which point sideways,
inwards, and downwards. The
sinuses are small air-filled
holes found in the bones of
the face. They reduce skull
weight, produce mucus, and
affect the tone quality of a
person's voice.
 Function
Humidification and warming of inspired air
Assisting in regulating intranasal pressure
Lightening the skull to maintain proper head balance
Imparting resonance to the voice
Absorption of shocks to the head
Filtration of the inspired air

Development
Maxillary sinus is first of the PNS to develop.
It starts as a shallow groove on the medial surface of maxilla during
the 4th month of intrauterine life.
Expansion occurs more rapidly until all the permanent teeth have
erupted.
It reaches to maximum size around 18years of age.
 Blood Supply
Arterial supply Venous return
The maxillary Drained by tributaries of:
sinus is supplied by branches of
the: Facial vein.
Pterygoid plexus of
Internal maxillary artery
Infraorbital artery veins
Alveolar artery
Greater palatine artery
Sphenopalatine artery
These arteries are ultimate
branches of the maxillary artery.
Innervation
It is innervated by branches of the second division of the trigeminal nerve,
the infraorbital nerve, and the greater palatine nerves.
Supplied by branches of:
1. Anterior, middle and posterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of
maxillary nerve.
2. Infraorbital nerve
Boundaries
Anterior wall Is related to infraorbital plexus of nerves. Within this wall runs the anterior superior
alveolar nerve in a bony canal called the canalis sinuosus.
Posterior wall Forms the anterior boundary of infratemporal fossa. It is pierced by the posterior
superior alveolar nerves
Microscopic features
The maxillary sinus is lined with a mucous membrane of the
respiratory type. However it is somewhat thinner than that lining
the nasal cavity. The antral mucous membrane is formed of:
 An epithelial layer resting on a basement membrane.
 A subepithelial connective tissue layer.
Epithelium is pseudo stratified, columnar and ciliated.
As cilia beats, the mucous on epithelial surface moves from sinus
interior towards nasal cavity.

1. THE EPITHELIAL LAYER: cells, basal ells and mucous producing and
The epithelial layer of the maxillary sinus secreting goblet cells.
lining is thinner than that of the nasal cavity. The pseudostratified columnar ciliated
Composed predominantly of pseudostratified epithelial cells have nucleus and
columnar ciliated cells derived from the electronlucent cytoplasm containing
olfactory epithelium of the middle nasal numerous mitochondria, enzyme containing
meatus, in addition to columnar non ciliated organells and basal bodies. The later serve to
attach the ciliary microtubules to the apical
cell membrane.
Structurally the cilia are composed of 9 + 1
pairs of microtubules which provide the
mucociliary motile function to the sinus
epithelium, which moves the debris,
microorganisms, and the mucous film lining
the epithelial surface of the sinus into the
nasal cavity through the ostium maxillare.
The cilia beat automatically, they r not under
nervous control.
2. SUBEPITHELIAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE
LAYER (LAMINA PROPRIA)
The lamina propria of the maxillary sinus
lining is much thinner than that of the nasal
mucosa.
It is formed of connective tissue cells, and
intercellular substance of collagen bundles
and few elastic fibers. It is moderately
vascular. The lamina propria contains
subepithelial antral glands composed of
The goblet cell is a unicellular gland, it is
mucous synthetizing and secreating cells. It
resembles an inverted wine glass with a
short stack like basal end containing the
nucleus and a swollen apical end containing
mucin. It is an apocrine gland, i.e it pours its
secretion through rupture of its apical cell
membrane that get regenerated. So it has all
the criteria of the synthesizing and secreting
cells.
mixed glands formed of serous and mucous
acini or seromucous acini as well as
myoepithelial cells. The antral glands are
more concentrated in the lamina propria
located around the ostium maxillare.
The mixed secretory product of the antral
glands reach the sinus cavity through their
excretory ducts.