TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT

SUBMITTED BY:

Joan S. Santos

SUBMITTED TO:

Dr. Katrina G. Roslin

CONTENTS

Introduction
Components
Muscles of mastication
Blood supply
Innervation
biomechanics
 introduction

The Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is

that which connects the mandible to the
skull and regulates mandibular movement.
It is a bicondylar joint in which the
condyles, located at the two ends of the
mandible, function at the same time.

components

• Mandibular Condyle
• Articular Surfaces of Temporal
Bone
• Capsule
• Articular Disc
• Ligaments
• Muscular Component
 Mandibular condyle It is the articulating surface of the mandible.
It is convex in all directions but wider latero-
medially than antero-posteriorly.
It has lateral and medial poles:
• The medial pole is directed more
posteriorly
• The long axis of the two poles deviated
posteriorly and meets at the anterior
border of the foramen magnum.

Articular surface of
temporal bone
The upper articular surface is formed by the
following parts of the temporal bone: Anterior
tubercle and Anterior part of mandibular fossa.
The inferior articular surface is formed by the
head of the mandible.
The articular surface are covered with
fibrocartilage and the joint cavity is divided into
upper and lower parts by an intra-articular disc.
 capsule

Thin sleeve of tissue completely surrounding

the joint.
It extends from the circumference of the cranial
articular surface to the neck of the mandible.
The capsule is loose above the intra-articular
disc and tight below it.
The synovial membrane lines the fibrous
capsule and the neck of mandible.
Articular disc

The articular disc is an important anatomic structure

of the TMJ.
ARTICULAR DISC It is a biconcave fibrocartilaginous structure located
between the mandibular condyle and the temporal
bone component of the joint.
Its function is to accommodate a hinging action as
well as the gliding actions between the temporal and
mandibular articular bone.
 This consist of the fibrous capsule and the major
ligaments
and minor ligaments.
Temporomandibular
Ligament
Major Ligament:
• Temporomandibular ligament or the
lateral ligament.
Minor Ligament:
• Stylomandibular ligament Sphenomandibular Ligament
• Sphenomandibular ligament

Stylomandibular Ligament

Muscles of mastication
Masseter- It is a rectangular muscle. The main function of
the masseter muscle is to help a person bite down or chew.
Temporalis muscle- It is a large fan shaped muscle. It act to
move the mandible up, back and side to side. And to play an
important role in biting and chewing.
Pterygoid muscles- The medial pterygoid muscle attaches to
the angle of the mandible and to the lateral pterygoid plate
to form a sling with the masseter muscle that suspends the
mandible. The primary action is to elevate the mandible
and laterally deviate it to the opposite side.
Blood supply of tmj

Branches of External Carotid Artery

• Superficial Temporal Artery
• Deep Auricular Artery
• Anterior Tympanic Artery
• Ascending Pharyngeal Artery
• Maxillary Artery
The blood supply to TMJ is only Superficial, i.e. there is
no blood supply inside the capsule.
TMJ takes its nourishment from Synovial fluid Innervation

Most innervation is provided by the

auriculotemporal nerve as it leaves the mandibular
nerve behind the joint and ascends laterally and
superiorly to wrap around the posterior region of
the joint.
Additional innervation by deep temporal and
masseteric nerve.
 biomechanics
TMJ structure can be divided into 2 systems:

Joint system
It surrounds the inferior synovial cavity,
condyle and the articular disc.
Since the disc is tightly bound to condyle
the only physiologic movement that can
occur between these surfaces is rotation
on the articular surface of condyle.
This joint system responsible for
rotational movement in TMJ.
Second system
It is made up of the condyle disc complex
functioning against the surface of
mandibular fossa.
Since the disc is not tightly attached to the
mandibular fossa, free sliding movement
is possible between these surfaces in the
superior cavity.