Paaras Thakur

Organic Chemistry

Haloalkanes - 3
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Example The major product obtained in the reaction
Example 2,2-Dichloropentane can best be synthesised by
Preparation of Haloalkanes - SEAr
Preparation of Haloalkanes - SEAr
Preparation of Haloalkanes - Sandmeyer reaction
 Preparation of Haloalkanes - Finkelstein reaction

Alkyl iodides are often prepared by the reaction of alkyl chlorides/ bromides with
NaI in dry acetone. This reaction is known as Finkelstein reaction.
Example Which of the following can be used to prepare 3-bromopropene?
Example Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following
reactions:
Example Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following
reactions:
Example Which of the following sequence of reactions will give 1-bromo-
4-trichloromethylbenzene?
 Haloalkanes - Physical Properties

Alkyl halides are colourless when pure. However, bromides and iodides develop
colour when exposed to light.

Boiling points: RI > RBr > RCl > RF.

The boiling points of isomeric haloalkanes decrease with increase in branching.

 Haloalkanes - Physical Properties

Boiling points of isomeric dihalobenzenes are very nearly the same.

However, the para-isomers are high melting as compared to their ortho and meta-
isomers. It is due to symmetry of para-isomers that fits in crystal lattice better as
compared to ortho- and meta-isomers.
 Haloalkanes - Physical Properties

Density
Bromo, iodo and polychloro derivatives of hydrocarbons are heavier than
water. The density increases with increase in number of carbon atoms,
halogen atoms and atomic mass of the halogen atoms
 Haloalkanes - Physical Properties

Solubility
The haloalkanes are only very slightly soluble in water.

However, haloalkanes tend to dissolve in organic solvents because the new

intermolecular attractions between haloalkanes and solvent molecules have
much the same strength as the ones being broken in the separate haloalkane
and solvent molecules.
 Haloalkanes - Characteristic Reactions

Characteristic reactions of alkyl halide are substitution and elimination :

Haloalkanes - Substitution Reaction
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