Introduction of KOREA Power System

and North Asia Super Grid

2018. May

Dongil Lee
dilee4919@hanmail.net
SERPI
 Contents

Power System of KOREA

765kV Transmission

Operation and Maintenance

North East Asia Super Grid by HVDC T/L

Present Status as a Global Leader

• Installed capacity / Peak demand: 93,216 MW / 87,250 MW

• The lowest T&D loss (3.69%)
• The shortest outage duration (10.9 min.)
• Electrification rate (100%)
• Voltage regulation compliance ratio (100%)
• Frequency regulation compliance ratio (99.9%)
• The world’s highest annual load factor (77.6%)
• The Asia’s FIRST in 765 kV transmission system:
- Outdoor full GIS type S/S (2002)
- Double circuit 765 kV T/L (2001)
Dynamic Korea
General Information

• Population: 51 million

• GDP per capita: 29,891 USD

• GDP: 1,730 billion USD

• World’s Best

- Ocean vessel manufacturing

- Mobile phones

- Semiconductors

- Information Superhighway
5 2015년 1학기 전기공학개론
KEPCO Group Organization

KEPCO

Generation Companies(6) Subsidiaries(4) Affiliates(4)

KH NP KEPCO E&C POWERCOMM

Power Generation (Nuclear, Hydro) Engineering Service Leased-lines Service

KOSEP KP S KEPID
Power Generation (Thermal) Maintenance & repairs for Plants Metering of Electricity

KO MIPO KNFC KOGAS

Power Generation (Thermal) Nuclear Fuel Manufacturing Import & Supply of LNG

WP KDN KDHC
Power Generation (Thermal) Information & Telecommunication Service Supply of Heating

KOSPO
Power Generation (Thermal)

EWP
Power Generation (Thermal)
KEPCO in Korean Power Market

75% 100% 100%

Distribution &
Generation Transmission
Retail
Total Capacity Line Length: Line Length:
Of Korea:
97,649MW (100%) 29,490 C-km 393,304 C-km
KEPCO & Subsidiaries: Supports: District Offices
73,282MW (75%) 40,254 Units : 190
IPPs & Others: No. of Customers:
636 Substations
24,367MW (25%) (Thousand
17,450 Households)
 Basic Facts
• Area : 49,720㎢(109th, North Korea: 99th)
• Population : 51,784,669(2018, 27th)
• Number of electricity consumers : 21,209 thousand
• Number of TO(Transmission Owner) : 1(KEPCO)
• Number of ISO : 1(KPX)
• Number of DSO : 1(KEPCO)
• Peak load : 87,250MW(2018)
• Average interruption of electricity : 10.9 min(2018)
1980s ~ 2000s: Period of Growth

간성

화천H/P 속초
문산
화천H/P 속초

문산 인제 양양
청평H/P 철원 화천H/P
춘천H/P소양강H/P 운천
수색
동두천 춘천
부평 서울T/P 덕소 문산 전곡
금촌 의정부 상남
의암H/P
청평H/P 강릉 주문진
서인천C/C 지도불광 영동T/P 춘천H/P 소양강H/P
동두천 포천
창동

구리 청평양수 쌍문 상계
미아

춘천
은평 돈암 노원

인천T/P
종암휘경
녹번 옥인운니

미금 덕계송우금오
원남안암 신내
능곡
덕소팔당H/P
현저
세종로 흥인 군자
서대문 마장화양

가평
수색 신촌아현

남춘천
신당
한화T/P 가양 연대
당인리 순화
서소문 왕십리광장

금촌 녹양
상암 중앙성동 뚝도 풍납

신장
화곡 양천 마포 한남 구의

의정부 의암H/P
여의 선릉
부천C/C 양평 중부 강동
송월
동해
목동 의사당 용산동빙고
문래 보광 삼성

강릉H/P 강릉
신사 잠실송파
송현 부흥
중동 역곡 영등포 서초 대치 가락
온수오류구로 노들 노량진반포 신양재

영월T/P 동서울 양주
도곡
광명
도봉 진접
독산 신길 양지교대 개포
남인천 강화
청평H/P
수서
인천주안 구공 대방 사당

영동T/P
염곡
시흥
성남
서인천C/C
송포
연수남동소래
영서 북평 일산C/C 불광
서인천 양곡 마석 청평양수 신가평
창동

구리
쌍문 상계
일산 지도 은평 미아 노원

인천T/P
돈암

안인
종암 휘경
반월 경서
횡계
옥인 운니 안암

미금
계양 능곡 녹번
현저세종로 원남
신내

덕소 팔당H/P 홍천
북인천 임학
군자
안산 서대문흥인 화양

천안 신부평
수색 신촌아현 신당 마장

원주
서소문 왕십리광장
일동 한화T/P 가양 연대
상암 당인리 순화중앙 성동

이천
화곡 양천 마포 한남뚝도 풍납

서서울 신장
구의
부천C/C 양평 중부용산 여의 보광 선릉 강동
영종송월 신현
동해
목동 의사당 문래 동빙고 삼성
신사 잠실송파
영종C/C 송현 부흥중동 역곡 영등포 서초 대치

신인천
온수 오류 노들 노량진반포
신공항 신양재 가락

동서울 평창
구로 신길 양지 도곡

발안오산
부천 광명
남인천
횡성
독산 사당 교대 개포 수서
인천주안만수부개
태백
구공 대방
성남 시흥 염곡

영월T/P 관교원미소래 연수 과천
평촌 초월
영서 북평
동춘
남동 안양 야탑 성현
분당 동해T/P
평택T/P
평택
충주H/P
신시흥
북시화
서시화반월
남시화
동안양
안양C/C
산본 의왕
수지
분당C/C
신성남 율현 이원 삼척
율전 우만
상주 충주 시화안산 동수원
원주
둔포 천안 신진천 신제천 단양 목내 송포일동
반월C/C
서수원
동탄
서서울신용인 이천 여주 남원주
남대전 영흥T/P 사강 남수원
신갈 용인 문막 정선
발안 오산 신안성 영월T/P신태백 태백
예산 당진T/P화성
평택C/C 안성 울진
안동H/P 대산 평택T/P평택송탄 감곡 울진N/P
한보철강
#1,2 #3,4
점촌 안동 송악원정포승 충주H/P 제천
대구 만승 금왕 충주
청양 대청T/P 상주 태안T/P
성연개폐소
당진 둔포서천안 성거 신진천 음성 신제천 단양 봉화
덕진 인주 탕정
대화신탄진
동대전
서산
신당진 아산 천안
진천 풍동 장연 영주
보령T/P 서대전 신흥
신옥천 태안
안면 동천안
남대전
온양 증평 신영주
옥천 신서산예산 전의
오창
봉명
서천T/P 서청주 평해
사직 청주 예천
장항 남인동
홍성 조치원
죽림 청원 점촌 안동 안동H/P
임하H/P진보
진영 군산T/P 신풍 공주 월산 부강
포항 대청T/P보은 동안동
삼계
서군산 이리 전주 무주P/P 서대구와룡
달서
팔달

관창
청양 신일 상주
부산
김제
강창남대구
성서봉덕 신계룡 덕진
유성대덕 대화
신탄진
둔산 영덕
달성
상인 신포항
경주
보령T/P
가수원 동대전

두마서대전
신흥
유천
신옥천
보령C/C대천옥산 의성
#1,2#3,4 남대전
월성N/P 부여
논산 고아
정공 옥천 군위 청하
정주 함양 서천T/P 영동 구미
김천 남구미인동선산 상정
언양 옥동
용연
영남T/P
은진 금산 북포항
신남원 신울산
산막웅촌 울산T/P 장항 함열
군산T/P 동군산 남인동 구암 남포항
서창
양산 서군산 군산 영등 무주 구미열병합 칠곡팔달
관음
천북 포항
침산 검단
신마산 이리 북전주 용담수력 진안 무주P/P
#3,4
고리N/P #1,2
내초군공 서대구 공평 산격 안심 영천 영일
일곡 차룡
신김해 기장 북부산
구서
팔봉 태평 성주
와룡 내당
달서 동인 효목 상정
진주 마산 창공
신양산 전주 강창 남대구 반야월
아화
명장
구포
수출
김제
미남 동래
모라 덕포 범천 성서봉덕 범물 노변
월림 완암삼정
동전주 신포항
수영 좌동
계림 남광주
하동 양정
달성
직동 경주
서부산개금 서면
수정 동부산

다산
엄궁

부안 상인
녹산

진해 신평 부민 부산

논공 진량 신경산
남부산
부산T/P 영도

나주
다대

신김제남전주 #1,2#3,4
거창 고령 청도 외동 월성N/P
순천 섬진강 임실 유가
목포 정공 울주 매암북울산
율촌 호남T/P 삼천포T/P 정주 함양 합천
효문
울산 방어진
여수T/P
여천 충무 거제 고창 합천H/P 밀양
언양 옥동
영남T/P
남원 산청 의령 초동 신울산
삼랑진P/P웅촌
용연
처용
강진 영광N/P
#5,6#3,4 #1,2 담양 신남원 창녕
칠서 서창 온산 울산T/P
산막
신온산
홍농 진영 양산 #3,4

해남 영광 장성 곡성 이현 구룡 신마산 김해호포
#1,2
고리N/P
남창 일곡
북광주신광주
하남비아 ¹üà µ
µ¿·¡
산청P/P 진주
가야중리 마산
수출
차룡 신월
창공
신김해 삼계
신양산 기장 구포
북부산
구서

동래
명장

평동 계림
¼ ºÎ»ê
장유 덕포미남
농성 충장소태 ¼ öÁ ¤
월림 완암 삼정 모라

하동
수영 좌동

개양 진동
³ì»ê 범천 양정
서부산개금
³²ºÎ»ê
남광주 서면
수정 동부산

마천
엄궁

사천
녹산

운남
´Ù ´ë

화순 구례 서마산 진해 신평 부민 부산
남부산

태금 하동T/P
부산T/P 영도
다대

나주매월

1961 제주T/P
북항
대불
목포
엄다

영암
신화순주암H/P 서순천순천 광양
벌교 율촌 용성 호남T/P
여천여수T/P
남해
삼천포
신고성
고성
삼천포T/P
안정
충무 거제 아주
신강진 여수
동제주
신제주 강진 장흥
고흥
진도 해남
남창
해남변환소완도

154
1981 산지 제주
(제주변환소)
345
한림C/C 신제주동제주 성산
안덕 한라
765
신서귀
남제주T/P

2006
 Structure of Electrical Power System
Conventional
Generation Bulk-Industry

765 kV

345 kV

154 kV

Industry Industry

22.9 kV
Industry
Dispersed G
220 V eneration

Households
dd

Grid Facts and Characteristics

 The electricity grid in Korea is sub-divided into transmission grids (EHV,
HV, DC) and distribution grids (medium and low voltage)

Voltage Level Total length Responsibility

Extra High Voltage 765kV 1,014 km KPX
Extra High Voltage 345 kV 9,369 km KPX
High Voltage 154 kV 22,440 km KPX
Medium Voltage 66kV 144 km KEPCO
Low Voltage 22.9kV 452,572 km KEPCO

Voltage Level Total length Responsibility

DC 180kV 231 km KPX
KEPCO in Korean Power Market

89% 100% 100%

Distribution &
Generation Transmission
Retail
Total Capacity Line Length: Line Length:
Of Korea:
65,514MW (100%) 29,490 C-km 393,304 C-km
KEPCO & Subsidiaries: Supports: District Offices
58,142MW (89%) 40,254 Units : 190
IPPs & Others: No. of Customers:
636 Substations
7,372MW (11%) (Thousand
17,450 Households)
dd
Power Planst of KOREA
KEPCO Introduction VIDEO
765kV Transmission System

Status Line Substation

(c-km) (MVA)
Existing 1007 31,114
Singapyeong S/S
Sinpyeongchang S/S Planning 874 14,000

SEOUL
Sintaebaek S/S
Sinkyeonggi S/S
Dangjin T/P
Sinansung S/S
Uljin N/P
Sinjungbu S/S
Sinseosan S/S

HSGS Installation

Legend
Bukkyungnam S/S
2014 1st Project (2002)
Singori N/P
2nd Project (2012)

3rd Project

Planned
765kV Transmission System

 Asia’s first 765kV Transmission

 World’s first Double – circuit
765kV Transmission line
 World’s first 765kV outdoor
full-GIS substation
 Great economic benefit

- US$ 1,740M invest to construction →

US$ 714M congestion cost reduction / year

 Transmission Capacity: 8,400 MW

 Conductor: ACSR 480㎟ (Cardinal) 6 bundle
 Tower Type: Pipe (Tubular)
 Transformer: 2,000MVA, 2 Tanks/phase
 GIS: 800kV 50kA 8,000A
Merits of 765kV Transmission System

□ Advantages of double circuit 765kV transmission lines

○ Capacity: 4 times bigger than that of 345kV
○ Land efficiency: 69% of 345kV
○ Loss: 13% of 345kV

765kV Substation
Construct ion Construct ion
Substation name Capacity
Start Finish
Sin Seo San 1000MVA × 2 ‘99.08.19 ‘02.05.31
Sin An Sung 2000MVA × 2 ‘00.01.05 ‘02.05.26
Sin Ga Pyung 2000MVA × 3 ‘01.09.04 ‘04.11
Sin Tae back 2000MVA × 3 ‘01.12.03 ‘04.11
765kV Transmission Line
Transmission Lines

765kV Single Circuit

Capacity 7,250 MW
Height 80-100m

765kV Double Circuits

Capacity 14,500 MW
Height 100 – 150m
Sin-ansung (before)
Sin-ansung (after)
T & D Loss Reduction

29.35
T&D Loss Rate

10.9 Unit = [%] Non-Technical Loss (Dist)

Technical Loss (Dist)

7.3 7.84
6.69
6.08
3.07 3.69
2.29
2.17
1.91
1.86 0.48 0.39
0.29
1961 1970 1980 1990 2018
Design Data of 765kV System

 Transmission Line
- Conductor : ACSR 480 mm2 x 6 Bundles
- Ground Wire : AW 200 mm2, OPGW 200 mm2
•- Switching Surge : 1.9 p.u. & TOV : 1.2 p.u.
•- Tower Foundation : Pad & chimney, pier etc.
•- Tower Design
- Type : Pipe - Span : 500 ~ 600 m
- Height : 80 ~ 100 m - Weight : 70 ~ 100 tons
•- Insulator string : 300 kN, 400 kN, 530 kN
• - 300kN x 2 strings ( Suspension )
• - 400kN x 3 strings ( Tension )
Design Data of 765kV System

 Substation

•- Type : Outdoor GIS

•- BUS Scheme : 2 BUS 1.5 CB
•- 765kV 8 T/L, 4 Transformer Bank ( or 5 Bank)
•- Site Area : Approximately 235,000 m2
•- Transformer : 1 Ph, 666 MVA x 3 (765 / 345 / 23 kV)
- BIL : 2,050 kV - Weight : 150 tons
•- Circuit Breaker : Rated current  8 kA
- BIL : 2,250 kV - Short Circuit Cap. : 50 kA
Conductor Selection

 Conductor Standard
Kind Stranded Calculated Tensile Outer Coefficient Coefficient of
Weight
of Wires sectional strength diameter of linear Expansion
(kg/km)
Conductor composition Area(mm2 (kg) (mm) elasticity (106/°C)
ACSR 480mm2 Al 54/3.38 Al 484.53
15,300 30.42 1,836 7,987 19.53
(Cardinal) St 7/3.38 St 62.81

 Cardinal conductor and Spacer-Damper

Cross sectional view of

the Cardinal conductor 6 bundle conductor & Spacer-Damper
Above Ground Height Standard Design
• Electric Field on ground level = 3.5 kV/m (Resident Area)
7.0 kV/m (Mountain Area)
 Ground clearance
Facility Added
Designed
Division standard value Remarks
value
(m) (m)
Flat ground area 13.68 28 Region frequented by people
Region seldom visited by people
Mountainous area 12.68 19
and with no trees
Railway
14.18 28
(Including electric railway)
Express highway, national road
Road 13.68 28
and other
Other trees 10.88 16.2 27
Larches 10.88 21.2 32 Collective afforestation area
Rigida Pinetrees, Big cone pines 10.88 21.2 32 Collective afforestation area
Farm land 13.68 28
Scheduled residential area (3 stories) 10.88 28
Overhead electric wires,
Other structures crossing separation 10.88 4 15
Overhead low voltage line
Tower Design
 Typical 765kV Transmission Tower ( Double Circuit )

Suspension Type Tension Type

Tower Design
 Typical 765kV Transmission Tower ( Single Circuit )

(Suspension) (Tension)
Insulator Strings and Fittings

No. Name of Parts

1 Tower Fitting
2 90° Clevis Eye
3 Yoke
4 Ball Clevis
5 Arcing Horn
6 Insulators
7 Arcing Ring
8 Socket Clevis
9 Yoke
10 90° Clevis Eye
11 Eye Link
12 Clevis Eye
13 Suspension Clamp
14 Yoke
15 90° Clevis Eye
16 Eye Link
17 90° Clevis Clevis
Insulation Design
 Overvoltage Analysis Results

• Power Frequency Temporary Overvoltage is below 1.2 p.u.

- 1.12 p.u.(analysis results) + margin = 1.2 p.u.

• Line-to-Ground Fault Initiation is below 1.8 p.u.

- No Reduction Method

• Energization & Re-energization with one step per-insertion resistor is below 1.9 p.u.
- Maximum Resistor Value 800 Ohms(Optimum = 400 Ohms)

• Simultaneous Single Line-to-Ground Fault Clearing at each circuit is below 1.9 p.u.
- Without Opening Resistor
Insulation Design
 Lightning Flashover Rate
Shielding Angle
• Calculated Condition

- IKL : 20

- Shielding Angle : -8 Degree

- Hill Side Angle : 10 Degree (Average)

- Tower Foot Resistance : 15 

- Horn Gap Length : 4.6 m, 4.8 m (765kV)

- Horn Gap Length : 2.34 m (345kV)

 Ground wire arm is longer than lower arm by 1 m and shielding angle of upper conductor is
approximately -8 degrees.
Insulation Design
 Minimum Phase-to-Ground Clearance

• Strength
V50 = k • 950 • ln(0.57D+1) (kV)
D : Gap Spacing k : Gap Factor

• Stress
2
V50 = 3 • Um • n • k1 • k2 (kV)

Um : Rated Maximum Voltage  800 kV

n : S.O.V = 1.9 p.u.
k1 : Atmosphere Correction Factor  1.08 (below 1,000 m)
k2 : 1 / (1-3) = 1 / (1-30.05)
Insulation Design
 Minimum Clearance & Swing Angle

Minimum Clearance (mm)

Phase-to-Ground 4,900
Length of Insulator String

Phase-to-Phase 8,420

Minimum Clearance (mm)

l1 5380

l2 4530 (4650)

l3 4900

l4 1850
Insulation Design
 Insulators of KEPCO 765kV Transmission Line

Clean Polluted Area

Pollution
Level
Clean I Clean II A B C D
Sea
Level
ESDD
~ 0.01 ~ 0.03 ~ 0.063 ~ 0.125 ~ 0.25 ~ 0.5
(mg/cm2)

TYPE NORMAL FOG TYPE

300kN 30 37 44 34 39 45 50
SUS
400kN 29 36 41 33 38 45 50
Below
1000 m
400kN 28 36 41 33 38 45 50
TEN
530kN 24 30 35 - - - -
Electrical Environment Design
 Long term test results(28 months)

ITEM Test Results Criteria

• Rainy Weather : 48.4 dB(A)

AN 50 dB (A)
• Fair Weather : 40.9 dB(A)

• Fair Weather : 43.5 (dB V/m)

RI SNR 24 dB
= SNR 25.7 dB

• Rainy Weather : 14.2 (dB V/m)

TVI SNR 40 dB
 SNR 40 dB

Cardinal Conductor (480mm2 x 6 Bundle / Phase) satisfies

the KEPCO design Criteria
Operation of Transmission System

Control Hierarchy

EMS National Control Center

(KPX)
control
monitoring

765 kV substation Regional Control Center Jeju Control

345 kV substation (11 RCC) Center

SCADA

Sub Control Center 154 kV unmanned

154 kV substation
(42 SCC) substation
Highly Reliable Digital Control System

SCADA System Since 1981

OPGW of 154 kV ↑ 100% since 2000

Distribution Automation System Since 1997

Energy Management System Since 1988

Unmanned Substation 82.4% since 2007

Digital Protective Relaying System With Self Diagnostic Function

Various IT application TGIS, SOMAS, EPM, etc.

Full Substation Automation Based on IEC 61850 since 2012

Operation of Transmission System

SCADA (Supervisory Control & Data Acquisition)

Remote Monitoring Monitoring power plant and substation operating

Remote Controlling Remote controlling of unmanned substation
Remote Measuring Measuring facilities information
Recording Event Recording and printing operation state of facilities

Power Plant 765/345kV S/S 154kV S/S Customer

Monitoring Control
EMS SCADA DAS
Data Link Data Link
(Energy Management System) (Distribution Automation System)
Operation of Transmission System

TGIS : Transmission Geographic Information System

- A system based on national topographical maps, which manages nationwide
transmission facilities using GIS and provides support to operation tasks

Information
Figure Data Management

Tower, Transmission Line, etc. Information

Database
Database Analysis
Location surveying,
Modeling
(point, line, polygon)
Visualized
Information
TGIS GIS

Properties Information
Utilization
Specification, picture, drawing
and etc

Related Database with Strategic

Figure Data Decision
Operation of Transmission System

Patrol Standard

Type Period
Over 345kV Every 3 months
Oct.-Mar.: every 3 months
Working Patrol Under 154kV
Apr.-Sep.: every 2 months
Underground Weekly
Over 345kV 2 times/year (round)
Helicopter Patrol
Under 154kV 2 times/year (one-way)

Type Period
Unmanned S/S Every 2 or 3 days Minimum once in 2 weeks for intensive inspection
Minimum twice in a month at peak time
Manned S/S 4 times a day 2 times a day for 765kV S/S
Maintenance of Transmission System

Thermovision

□ A thermovision detects infrared rays

radiated from an object and shows
on a display panel.
□ When surface temperature of an
object radiates, a camera computes
the temperature, and displays.
Maintenance of Transmission System

Thermovision
Date of creation 2005-05-25

Time of creation 10:51:23 A.M

Camera type ThermaCAM PM675 NTSC

Camera serial number 15020044

Object parameter Value

Emissivity 0.59

Object distance 5.0 m

Atmospheric temperature 18.1℃

Label Value

AR01 : max 32.8℃

AR02 : max 30.5℃

Operator Jin Kyun Koh

Measure Result Good

Reason for Measure Detected Spot By Aerial Inspection

○ Operator : Jin Kyun Koh

○ Date of Measure : 2005.5.25

○ Equipment for Measure : Image Camera

○ Equipment No. : 15020044

○ Measure Content : Support Clamp 32.8 Degrees, Power Cable 30.5

Degrees

○ Load on Measuring : 193mw

○ Difference in Temperature : 2.3 Degrees

○ Note : Less than 5 degrees / Normal (Operation Criteria Clause 31.1)

Maintenance of Transmission System

Corrosion detector for ACSR conductor

 Objective : To replace old transmission line by Corrosion detector

 Abstract : 1) Aerial corrosion detector scans ACSR power line
2) With ACSR lifetime diagnosis, determine line conditions
 Expectation : Inspect power line precisely without destruction

[Aerial
<Aerial corrosion
corrosion detector> detector] [Ground
<Ground controller
controller and
and analysis analysis
program> program]
Maintenance of Transmission System

Detection of defective insulator

- Detection cycle
• Normal lines: every 5 years
• Lines which had or could have defective insulators:
every 3 years
- Type to detect defective insulator: Electric field type
• when the defective insulators are found, if necessary, detect the
defective insulator with lamp / acoustic type
- Lamp / acoustic type: 66kV and below
Maintenance of Transmission System

Insulator Detection Equipment

Maintenance of Transmission System

Live line works in 765kV transmission line

Cleaning Replacing
insulators suspension
with aviation insulator string

Access Replacing
to insulator spacer damper
string
Maintenance of Transmission System

Emergency Recovery Tower

Present State of transmission equipment
– KEPCO main 345kV system : Installed since 1975(40 years)
– In 2020, approximately 50% of transmission equipment will be over 30 years

Failure and Maintenance cost is increasing continuously

Figure 1. Increasing trend of transmission line Figure 2. failure number and maintenance cost

 Future Woks
– TBM*, CBM** method generally used to determine replacement time for the equipment
( Insufficient for determining the rest life and status of equipment )

* TBM (Time Based Maintenance) : Replace equipment when a certain period

** CBM (Condition Based Maintenance) : Replace equipment when failure predicted by inspection
RCM(Reliability Centered Maintenance)

RCM Basic Analysis Prediction Algorithm Expert Estimation

FMEA Weibull distribution Reliability Evaluation Expert
FBD ALT model
FTA Sampling / DOE
MTTF
MTBF Transmission
Equipment
Test Standard Data Data
IEC, CEA Failure Mode Life Long term
ANSI, ES/DS DB Construction Reliability reliability
Temperature Case Study Failure Cause evaluation
Humidity
Ultraviolet
Voltage/Current
Heat/Vibration
Field data Data Verification
Evaluation Purpose
Failure History Field Data Comparison
Life Evaluation Install History
Reliability Evaluation Manufacturers
Failure Cause Analysis Failure Mode
Field Environment

※ FMEA : Fault Mode & Effect Analysis / FBD : Function Block Diagram / FTA : Fault Tree Analysis
※ MTTF : Mean Time To Failure / MTBF : Mean Time Between Failure
※ ALT : Adaptive Logical threshold method / DOE: Design of Experiments
Super Grid with HVDC
Change of Technical Paradigm

The change of electrical technology : Global Trends

Smart Grid Super Grid

Power Inter-connection between

countries using HVDC
Transmission Lines
History of HVDC

GE, Mercury Commutation Valve 12kV DC Test(40Hz발전 →

60Hz 공급)

Germany, 200kV 60MW 115km Cable Research → Russia서 인수

Sweden, Mercury Commutation Valve 100kV 20MW Operation
(Mainland ~ Gotland Island)
Canada, Mercury Commutation Valve 450kV HVDC Operation →
90년대 Thyristor 교체
GE, Thyristor 최초개발적용(캐나다, Eel River 80kV 320MW, BTB)

China 윈난-광동 800kV HVDC operation 5,000MW, Bipole,

1,418km)

1920~1940년대 1970년대 1980~1990년대 초

Pan-World Super Grid

Need Cooperation in Super Grid

Neutralizing Tension among North East Asian Countries
20% in Global GDP & Population
Global Power Interconnection
 Global Top 3 Super Grid

Nord EU Super
Grid
Sud EU-Maghreb
Wind Power Super Grid Grand Inga
Hydro Power Project
Solar Power
500 GW Hydro Power
470 GW
100 GW
Power Interconnection in North America

 Power Interconnections between USA and Canada

15,18 Nelson River

13, 16 Vancouver 1 Eel River

24
HydrQebec- Nicolet
HydrQebec-NeW Eng.
New Eng.
2GW, ±450kV 25 8
Madawaska
17 Square Butte 22
4
9 Chateauguay DesCantons
-Comerford
Miles City 7
12 19, 26 CU
Highgate
Pacific Intertie- Rapid city dc tie
14 Pacific
SylmarIntertie
Refurbishment
2
20 21
3.1GW, ±500kV
Stegall
23 10
27 Sidney
Intermountain

6
Blackwater
3 5
Oklaunion
Eddy County
11
Eagle Pass
World HVDC status

선로명 용량 길이

3 4 1 Pacific Intertie 3.1GW 1,362km

2 Intermountain 2.4GW 785km

5
1.6GW 895km
1
3 Bipole 1,2,3 1.8GW 937km
2 2.0GW 1,360km

Quebec-
4 New England
2GW 1,100km

5 Neptune 660MW 104km

(뉴욕-뉴저지)
Power Interconnection in North America

15,18 Nelson River

13, 16 Vancouver 1 Eel River

24
HydrQebec- Nicolet
HydrQebec-NeW Eng.
New Eng.
2GW, ±450kV 25 8
Madawaska
17 Square Butte 22
4
9 Chateauguay DesCantons
-Comerford
Miles City 7
12 19, 26 CU
Highgate
Pacific Intertie- Rapid city dc tie
14 Pacific
SylmarIntertie
Refurbishment
2
20 21
3.1GW, ±500kV
Stegall
23 10
27 Sidney
Intermountain

6
Blackwater
3 5
Oklaunion
Eddy County
11
Eagle Pass
Power Interconnection in South America

 Itaipu hydroelectric power plant in Brazil

Power Interconnection in Brazil
Super Grid in Europe

 Planned Interconnections : UK-Netherlands, Norway-UK, Iceland-UK,

Finland-Estonia, Euro Link(Germany-Russia), Sweden-Lithuania

Sweden-Lithuania
700MW, ±300kV
2015 Completion

7
Iceland-UK Vyborg
500MW , ±400kV
9
18 Finland-Estonia
19
Norway-UK
315MW
1.2GW , ±400kV

17 4 5
6

15 13 12
14 UK-Netherlands 10
1GW, ±450kV 11 20
16
Euro Link
4GW, 500kV
8 3
1

2
World HVDC status

국가간 연결 용량

1 영국-프랑스 2GW

5 2 영국-네델란드 1GW
4
3 덴마크-스웨덴 380MW
3
4 스웨덴-핀란드 800MW
2
1 355MW
5 러시아-핀란드
(BtB)
2GW
6 스페인-프랑스
(VSC)

7 750MW
조지아-러시아
6 7 (BtB)
Super Grid in Africa

 Power Interconnections between Africa and Europe

Power Interconnection in Middle East

Israel-Jordan HVDC Link Saudi-Turkey HVDC Link

ASEAN Super Grid

China

Miyanmar
Vietnam
Laos

Philippines
Thailand
Cambodia

Brunei
Malaysia

Indonesia
China electric power industry development

 Develops slowly before 1949

 Voltage level gradually unified after 1949,
economic reasonable voltage sequence
has been formed
1100kV DC
1000kV

800kV
Voltage level of existing HVDC lines: DC
750kV

 ± 400kV  ± 660kV 500kV

DC
 ± 500kV  ± 800kV
500kV

 ± 1100kV 330kV

(Under construction) 220kV

66kV110kV
22kV 33kV

1908 1921 1934 1943 1954 1972 1981 1989 2005 2009 2012 2015
China electric power industry development

17.5
18.0

16.0
13.5
Installed capacity（100GW）

14.0

12.0 10.6
10.0 9.6

8.0

6.0 5.1

4.0 3.2
2.2
0.9 1.4
2.0 0.6 0.7

0.0
1978 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2011 2015 2020 Year

 By the end of 2015, installed capacity is 1780GW, electricity consumption

is 6.31 trillion kWh.
 By 2020, electricity consumption will reach 7-8 trillion kWh.
6 regional 500kV power grid interconnected by AC/DC

North China Power Grid

Northwest Power Grid DC

DC AC

Central china power grid DC

DC

Southern power grid

Power flow of China Power Grid

International power flow

North, central, eastern Russia

Mongolia Baoqing
Xinjiang Ximeng、Mondon

Jin-Shan-Mong-Ning Liaoning

Gansu
Southwest hydropower

Coal power flow

Hydroelectric power flow
Wind & thermal power flow Guangdong
International power flow
Short-term power grid planning

UHV Lines in State Grid (2017)

±1100 kV HVDC
(Zhundong-Wannan):
24 GW, 3324 km
The parallel operation mode of AC and DC in southern

 2012, 5HVDC 15800MW

溪洛渡直流  2014, 8HVDC 27200MW

 Long distance
 High voltage
 High Capacity
 AC/DC operates in parallel
楚穗直流

糯扎渡直流
World HVDC status

11. Yunnan-Guangdong
11
800kV, 5000MW, 2009
India Super Grid

New Technology
1200kV UHVAC
±800kV HVDC

Pakistan
Nepal
Bhutan
High Temperature Super
Conductor Line, Fault
Current Limiter

Myanmar
Dynamic Compensation
India Bangladesh Large and Medium size
STATCOMs
Smart Transmission- Wide
Area Measurement System
(WAMs)

VSC based HVDC

Sri Lanka
and
DC Grid
World HVDC status
Super Grid Plan of Russia
Global Super Grid

 International Network in Electric Power System

 Enhance System Reliability
 Renewable Energy + Fossil Energy
 New Technology (HVDC, ESS)
North-East Asia Power
Interconnection
Planned North-East Asian Power Interconnection
Power Capacity of North-East Asia Countries

 Power Capacity of Korea, China, Japan, Mongol and Russia

1,200,000 1,140,000MW

1,000,000
Power Capacity(MW)

800,000

600,000

400,000 282,315MW
225,508MW

200,000 83,212MW
1,070MW
0
Existing HVDC Links in Korea

2nd HVDC Link

 DC ±250kV, 122km
 HVDC 2 Bipole
 Capacity : 400MW
 Completion : 2012

1st HVDC Link

 DC ±180kV, 105km
 HVDC Bipole
 Capacity : 300MW
 Completion : 1998
Draft Idea for North-East Asian Power Interconnection
Siberia
Lake Baikal
Sakhalin

Mongolia Russia
Gobi Desert

Vladivostok
N.Korea

China S.Korea

Japan

Yunnan
Shanhai

Taiwan
Draft Idea for North-East Asia Power Interconnection

KIEE-CSEE Power Connection Study

(2015. 10. Seoul)
Transmission Technology Trends

Environmental
HVDC(UHV)
friendly

High Efficiency
IT Technology Fusion
 Dynamic Korea

欢迎来到济州岛!

90
All Together,
Create Future
李 東 一