Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9

date:- 15/may/2020

Percentage yield and percentage purity

By the end of this topic you will be able to:-define pure
substance, calculate percentage yield, percent purity.
(refer page 163,164 of your text book)
Before moving to the topic my request to you is, please go through the
YouTube link and write down what you understand about purity, then
proceed for reading the notes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OtJI-R-4rU

After watching the above video write down in your exercise book
A. What is pure substance?
B. List some of the pure substance?
C. Why purity is important in most of the products used in our daily
life?
(If you can answer the following question then proceed further, please
mail your answers so that you can reflect your understanding)
Purity is very important e.g. for analytical standards in laboratories or
pharmaceutical products where impurities could have dangerous side effects
of a drug or medicine.

 However, in any chemical process, it is almost impossible to get

100.00% purity and so samples are always analysed in industry to
monitor the quality of the product.

 The more a product is processed e.g. By distillation or crystallization,

the more costly the process, but the purer the product gets.

 Somewhere there has to be a compromise, so it is important that

before the sale, the product is assayed or analysed as to its percentage
purity.
Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9
date:- 15/may/2020

 It would not be acceptable e.g. in the pharmaceutical industry to

manufacture a drug for treating us, with impurities in it, that may have
harmful effects.

 Similarly in fuels for road vehicles, which themselves have additives in

to enhance engine performance, you wouldn't want other impurities
that may cause engine damage.

 You can apply the same sort of argument to thousands of domestic and
industrial products from the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

 An assay is any procedure used to analyse and test for its purity of the
% content of a specified component in a mixture of a % of an element
or ion etc.

 The next question is how to measure purity or percentage of an

element or compound in a chemical reaction?

 For a given mass of the reactants, it is possible to calculate the

maximum mass that could be made of a certain product. This mass is
called the predicted yield. The actual yield is the mass of product made
when the reaction is actually carried out.

 Calculating Percentage Composition

Please go through the below you tube link and follow only one
which you think it is easy for you otherwise it might create
confusion.
Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9
date:- 15/may/2020

https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=hnawBsyZTc8&list=PLidqqIGKox7WeOKVGHxcd69kKqtwrKl8W&index=65&t=0s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RrQWujzfTN4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3QNKmMNO5wA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFmCn-cwOW8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EV0Oq8g708

The percentage composition is found by calculating the percentage by mass

of each particular element in a compound.

Example:
 Calculate the percentage of oxygen in CO2.
Step 1 – Calculate the molar mass of the compound

Molar mass CO2 = (2 x 16) + 12   = 44

Step 2 – Add the atomic masses of the element required as in the question
(oxygen)
                16 + 16 = 32(there are 2 oxygen that’s why we added 16 twice)

Step 3 – Calculate the percentage

   % of oxygen in CO2 = 32/44 x 100 = 72.7% (this I already explained in the
previous notes)

Theoretical yield: - To compute the percent yield, it is first necessary to

determine how much of the product should be formed based on
stoichiometry. This is called the theoretical yield, the maximum amount of
product that could be formed from the given amount of reactants.

Actual yield: - the actual yield is the amount of product that is actually

formed when the reaction is carried out in the laboratory.

Percentage yield: - Chemists need a measurement that indicates how

successful a reaction has been. This measurement is called the percent yield.
Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9
date:- 15/may/2020

The percent yield is the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield,
expressed as a percentage.

Percent Yield = Actual Yield × 100

Theoretical Yield
Example:-
Heating 12g of Copper (II) carbonate in a crucible produced only 7.0g of
copper (II) oxide. What was the percentage yield of copper (II) oxide?
Step 1: - Balance the chemical equation
CuCO3  CuO + CO2
1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
Step 2 find the molar mass (from the periodic table)
 Molar mass of CuCO3  64+12+78 = 124g
 Molar mass of CuO  64+16 = 80g

Heating 12.4g of CuCO3 should have produced 8.0g of CuO (expected yield).

So, Expected yield = 8.0g

Actual yield = 7.0g

Percentage yield = 7.0 /8.0 ×100

= 87.5 %
Losing product
A 100 percent yield means that no product has been lost, while a 0 per cent
yield means that no product has been made. There are several reasons why
the percentage yield of a product might be less than 100 per cent. These
include:
 Loss when filtering
 Loss when evaporating
 Loss when transferring liquids
 Not all reactants reacting to make the product
Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9
date:- 15/may/2020

Percentage purity
The percentage purity of a substance can be calculated by dividing the mass
of the pure chemical by the total mass of the sample, and then multiplying
this number by 100.

% purity= Mass of pure substance in sample ×100

Mass of sample

 For electrical circuits inside electrical devices very pure copper is

needed so how to obtain the percentage of pure copper from crude
copper.
 Taking a sample of 10.15g of crude copper, which contains 9.95g of
copper and the remaining may have other metal traces.
 So for calculating percentage purity of the copper sample, we can
calculate it by using the formula.

% purity= Mass of pure substance in sample ×100

Mass of sample
So,
% purity of copper = Mass of copper in sample ×100
Mass of impure copper

= 9.95 × 100
10.15
= 98.03%
So the copper in the sample is 98.03% pure.

Home work:-
1. Define percentage yield and purity?

2. Differentiate between percentage composition and percentage yield?

3. Explain the consequence on humans, if percentage purity is not

considered during the production of many useful products.
Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9
date:- 15/may/2020

4. Consider the reaction:      4Al(s) + 3O2 (g)        2Al2O3(s)  

a)   A  20.0  g  sample  of  Al(s)  reacts  to  produce  32.7  g  of  Al2O3(s).  What  
is the percentage yield of the   reaction?  

b)   If  this  reaction  has  a  percentage  yield  of  74.2%,  what  mass  of  

Al2O3(s) can be produced with 50.0 g   of  Al(s)?  

  c)   What  mass  of  Al(s)  is  required  to  make  100.0  g  of  Al2O3(s)  if  the
reaction  has  a  percentage  yield  of   64.7% ?

5. A  chemist  wants  to  produce  50.0  g  of  NaCl  by  reacting  sodium  with

chlorine gas  according  to  the   equation:   2Na  +  Cl2        2NaCl   If  this

reaction  has  a  percent  yield  of  77.3%,  what  mass  of  sodium  must  be

reacted?

Please fill in the below 3-2-1 table and mail it along with answers:-
3 facts I learned
1.

2.

3.

2 questions I have
1.

2.
Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9
date:- 15/may/2020

1 opinion I have
1

Note:-Dear students, I hope you are able to understand the topic.

Please refer to the you tube links and read the comments wherever
I added and let me know if you have any doubt. Since each and
every topic is linked to each other so keep reading textbook and
notes. If you have any doubt, please contact me without any
hesitation.
Please complete your assignments there is no problem if the
answers are wrong because you are learning new topics and it’s
okay if you are not able to solve the problems but at least try
and submit your work. My suggestion for those students who
all are not trying any of the topic start reading notes from the
beginning and make small small goals like figuring out periodic
table then identifying elements ,then atomic number ,like this
go step by step from your notes. Definitely you are going to
achieve success.

Mail me at - Madhuri.t@hgcsaddis.com
Or call me at -0944744647
Stay safe and all the best
ANSWER KEY FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT IS GOING TO BE
UPLOADED ON TUESDAY.
Greek Community School Addis Ababa Grade 9 chemistry notes and Assignment no -9
date:- 15/may/2020