1.

(a) The diagram below in Figure 5 represents the sequence of events that occur
in the cell cycle.

cell division

cytokinesis

Cell
Cell
cycle
cycle

Figure 5 . the cell cycle

With reference to the diagram shown in Figure 5. State the event with:

(i) Longest phase

(ii) Outline the stages involved in cell division in the cell cycle :
[4 marks]

(b) During development of the female gametes in a process called oogenesis, primary
follicles are produced which undergo partial completion of meiosis I until puberty,
which will then continue meiotic division to a point which then develop into mature
Graafian follicles encouraging ovulation.

(i) Explain what is meant by ‘homologous pairs’ of chromosomes [1 mark ]

(ii) The primary follicles in the ovary develop in the female foetus in pregnancy to
the point of Prophase I of meiosis until puberty.

Draw an annotated diagram showing the stage of Prophase I of meiosis of the

developing the primary follicles. [4 marks]

(iii) Draw a diagram of the ovum at the point of ovulation. State the chromosome
number of the ovum at this point. [3 marks]

(iv) Describe TWO events that occur in meiotic division that encourages genetic
variation in organisms. [4 marks]

Total 15 marks
2. (a) Explain the difference between ‘gene’ and ‘allele’ [4 marks]

(b) Mary has the genotype (Bb) that codes for black hair and her husband has the
genotype (bb) that codes for brown hair.

Using a genetic cross diagram, determine the ratio at which their offspring will
obtain black hair vs. brown hair. [5 marks]

(c) (i) Define the term ‘mutation’ [ 1 mark]

(ii) Using a named example, explain how minor changes in the genetic sequence
can contribute to disease. [5 marks]

Total 15 marks