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Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems: Level-1
Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems: Level-1
2
CHAPTER
13. A system is defined by its impulse 20. Consider an LTI system containing a passive
response h(n) = 5n u(−n + 5), the system is electrical network. If the input is a sinusoidal
(A) Stable and causal signal, then the steady state output of the
(B) Unstable and non-causal network is
(C) Stable but non-causal (A) Sinusoidal with the same amplitude,
(D) Causal but unstable frequency and phase
(B) Sinusoidal with the same frequency, but
14. A discrete-time signal x[n] is given by possibly different amplitude and phase
x[n] = {3, 4, 2, 1, 5} (C) Non-sinusoidal
↑ (D) Sinusoidal with a different frequency
if signal y(n) = 5δ(n + 2) ∗ x(n), then
the value of y(n) at n = −3 is__________. Level-2
15. A discrete-time LTI system is having impulse 1. The response of a linear time-invariant
response h[n] = {1, −1} and the discrete-time system to a unit step input u(n)
↑ is the unit impulse δ(n). The system response
input of system is x[n] = {1, 2, 3} to a ramp input n u(n) would be
↑ (A) u(n) (B) u(n − 1)
then, the output of the system is ∞
(A) {1, 1, 1, −3} (C) nδ(n) (D) ∑ kδ (n − k)
↑ k=0
(B) {1, 1, 1, −3}
↑ 2. Given that
(C) {3, 5, 3} x1 (t) = ek1t u(t) and x2 (t) = e−k2 t u(t).
↑ Which one of the following gives their
(D) {1, 3, 1, 1} convolution?
↑ [ek1t − e−k2 t ]
(A)
[k1 + k 2 ]
16. Consider a discrete-time LTI system having
[ek1t − e−k2 t ]
input and impulse response are (B)
[k 2 − k1 ]
x[n] = δ[n] + δ[n − 1]
h[n] = δ[n] − δ[n − 1] [ek1t + e−k2 t ]
(C)
The output of the system will be given by [k 2 + k1 ]
(A) δ[n] − δ[n − 2] [ek1t + e−k2 t ]
(B) δ[n] − δ[n − 1] (D)
[k 2 − k1 ]
(C) δ[n − 1] + δ[n − 2]
(D) δ[n] + δ[n − 1] + δ[n − 2]
3. For a LTI system the input is
x(t) = 3δ(t + 2) − 2δ(t) + 5δ(t − 3).
17. The impulse response of a system is
The impulse response h(t) is shown in figure.
h(t) = δ(t − 0.5). If two such systems are
cascaded, the impulse response of the overall h(t)
system will be 1
(A) 0.5 δ(t − 0.25) (B) δ(t − 0.25)
(C) δ(t − 1) (D) 0.5 δ(t − 1) 0 t
The output y(t) at t = 4 is __________.
18. The impulse response of a continuous time
system is given by h(t) = δ(t + 3) − δ(t − 3). 4. A LTI system of impulse response,
The value of step response at t = 0 is __________. h(t) = e−αt u(t); α ≥ 0 is given an input of
x(t) = u(t). Then, the output of the LTI system
19. The value of 2δ(t) ∗ 4δ(t − 4) ∗ 5δ(t − 3) is is
(A) 40δ(t + 7) (B) 40δ(t − 7) 1
(C) 20δ(t − 4) (D) 20δ(t − 5) (A) [1 + e−αt ]u(t)
α
info@thegateacademy.com ©Copyright reserved. Web:www.thegateacademy.com 21
Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems
1 (C) r(t − 3) (D) r(t − 8)
(B) [1 − e−αt ]u(t)
α
(C) α[1 − αe−αt ]u(t) 10. x(t) and h(t) of a LTI system are shown in
figure below.
(D) α[1 − e−αt ]u(t)
x(t) h(t)
h(t) 1
If h1 (t) = u[t + 3] 0 1
t
h2 (t) = 3δ[t − 2] 2
h3 (t) = 2δ[t + 1]
−1
The value of h(3) is __________.
(B) y(t)
6. For an input x(t) = e u(t), the output of
−2(t−3)
−1 0 t
a system having impulse response
h(t) = e−t u(t) will be
−1
(A) e6 (e−t −e−2t )u(t)
(C) y(t)
(B) e6 (e−2t +e−t )u(t)
(C) e6 (−e−t −e−2t )u(t) 1
6
e 0
(D) (e−t −e−2t )u(t) t
3 −1
(D) None of these
7. The unit sample response of a discrete system
1 1
is 1 0 0 0 … For an input sequence 11. The output of an LTI system for an input of
2 4
1 0 1 0 0 0…, the corresponding output x[n] = {1, 1} is {1, 2, 1}. Then impulse response of
sequence is ↑ ↑
1 1 1 1 the LTI system is
(A) 1 0 0… (A) {1, 1}
2 4 2 4
1 ↑
(B) 1 0 0 0… (B) {1, 1}
4
↑
1 5
(C) 2 0 0… (C) {1, 0, 1}
2 4
↑
1 5 1 1
(D) 1 0 0… (D) {1, 0, 1}
2 4 2 4 ↑
8. A discrete time signal x(n) is {1, 3, 4, 2}
12. The input x(t) and impulse response h(t) of an
↑
LTI system shown in figure are
The value of y(n) = x(2n) ∗ x(n) at n = 3 is
x(t) y(t)
___________. h(t)
Amplitude
Figure − I
(B) y(t)
1 t
−2 −4 −2 0 2 4
0
2 t Time
4
−1 (A) Four units each
−2 (B) Four and two units respectively
(C) Six and three units respectively
(C) y(t) (D) Six and two units respectively
3
16. In the LTI system shown below
2
x(t) = u(t − 2)and h(t) = u(t − 4). The plot
1 for output y(t) will be
t h(t) y(t)
−2 0 2 4 x(t)
(D) y(t)
(A) y(t)
3 1
2 t
0 6
(B) y(t)
−2 0 t
2 4 1
18. The impulse response of a LTI system is given 2. A continuous time LTI system is described by
as h[n]. If system is non-causal and stable, t+
T
2
then which of the following could be the LTI 1
y(t) = T{x(t)} = ∫ x(τ) dτ
system? T
T
t−
1 n 2
(A) ( ) u[n] The impulse response is
2
(B) − 2n u[−n − 1] (A) h(t)
(C) 3n u[n] 1/T
(D) None of these
t
−T/2 0 T/2
19. A system with an input x[n] and output y[n] is (B) h(t)
characterized by following equation
2 1/T
1
y[n] = ∑ (3 − k) x[n − k] t
6 −T 0 T
k=0
The impulse response of the system is: (C) h(t)
1 T
(A) h[n] = {1, 2, 3}
6
↑ t
−T/2 0 T/2
1
(B) h[n] = {3, 3, 3} (D) h(t)
6
↑ T
1
(C) h[n] = {1, 1, 1} t
6 −T 0 T
↑
1
(D) h[n] = {3, 2, 1} 3. The impulse response of a LTI system is given
6
↑ as h(t) = u(t) − u(t − T).
If x(t) = h(t) is the input to system, then
+∞
20. For an LTI system input signal x(t) and
∫ y(t) is
impulse response h(t) is shown below. −∞
x(t) h(t) (A) T 2 /2 (B) T 2
(C) T 2 /4 (D) None of these
5
1
4. The input and output sequence of a system are
2
given as
t t
0 4 6 0 x(n) = {3, −5, 2, 4} and
↑
The value of output y(t) at t = 8 sec is _________.
y(n) = {15, −19, 12, 4, 16, 16}
10↑
Level-3 TT
3 ⟹
3
Which of the 10
3
following statements are true
about above system?
⟹
3 T3
1. The sequences
(i) System is causal10and stable
x(n) = (a)n u(n) and y(n) = (b)n u(n), where ⟹
(ii) System is non-causal
3 and stable
u(n) is the unit step sequence. The T2
(iii) System has impulse response
convolution of x(n) and y(n) is equal to z(n). 3
h(n) ⇒⟹{5,5 2, 4}
z(n) = x(n) ∗ y(n) T2
↑ 3
If (i) if a = 3 and b = 2 then z(2) = k1 ⟹
(iv) The energy of input
5 signal is
(ii) if a = 2 and b = 2 then z(2) = k 2 .
E ⇒ 54 units
Then the value of k1 + k 2 is ___________.
(A) Only (i), (ii) and (iv) are correct
(B) Only (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(C) Only (i), (ii) and (iii) are correct
(D) All statements are correct
11. An inter-connection of LTI systems is shown 15. The signals x(t) and h(t) shown in the figures
in the figure. The impulse responses are x(t)
h1 [n] = 0.5δ[n − 1] + 0.7δ[n] and
1
h2 [n] = δ[n − 1] If the response of overall
system be Aδ[n] + Bδ[n − 1] + Cδ[n − 2],
then A + B + C is___________. −1 0 +1 t
h1 [n]
−1
x[n] + y[n] h(t)
−2
−5 −3 −1 0 1 3 4 6 t
−6
−12
−2
Let h(t) = u(t − 2) and
y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t).
If Area of Signal y(t) is A unit and energy of
signal y(t) is E units then the values of A & E
are respectively.
(A) A = 103 unit & E = 1001 units
(B) A = 93 unit & E = 1098 units
(C) A = 103 unit & E = 1101 units
(D) A = 106 unit & E = 1104 units
h(t)
If h1 (t) = 2δ(t + 3),
h2 (t) = 3δ(t − 1) + δ(t + 2),
h3 (t) = 4u(t − 3).
The value of h(t) at t = 5 and the average
power of output of y(t) if input x(t) = δ(t) are
respectively
(A) 24 and P = 284 units
(B) 24 and P = 288 units
(C) 12 and P = 280 units
(D) 12 and P = 24 units
6. [Ans. A]
Answer keys and Solutions We know that
x(t − t1 ) ∗ δ(t − t 2 ) = x(t − t 2 − t1 )
Level-1 x(t + 5) ∗ δ(t − 7) = x(t − 7 + 5)
= x(t − 2)
1. [Ans. D]
Length of x1 (n) ∗ x2 (n) is 7. [Ans. C]
L = L1 + L2 − 1 h[n] ≠ 0 for n < 0 ⇒ Noncausal
Where L1 is length of x1 (n) [for n = −2, −1]
and L2 is length of x2 (n)
∑ |h[n]| is finite ⇒ Stable
L1 = 5, L2 = 7
n
L =5+7−1
L = 11 8. [Ans. B]
Impulse response
2. [Ans. C] d
As the system is stable = [step response]
dt
+∞
d 1 1
∑ |h[n]| < ∞ = ( − e−2t )
dt 2 2
n=−∞
+∞ ∞
= e−2t
1
∴ ∑ | (α)n u(n)| = ∑|(α)n | =
(1 − |α|) 9. [Ans. A]
n=−∞ n=0
If |α| < 1; then the system will be BIBO stable. If h2 [n] is Causal then only h[n] is Causal.
t
0 1 0 4
t
2h(t + 1)
−1 2
−h(t − 1)
1
⇒ y(t)
1 2 t
1 −2 0
0 t
2 y(t)
0 t
1 2
−1 1
−2 0
2 t
4
11. [Ans. B] −1
In LTI system −2
For x[n] = {1, 1} ⇒ 2 samples (0 ≤ n ≤ 1)
↑
13. [Ans. *]Range: 70 to 72
y[n] = {1, 2, 1} ⇒ 3 smaples (−1 ≤ n ≤ 1)
y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t)
↑
3δ(t + 3) − 2δ(t + 1)
⇒ h[n] will have 2 samples y(t) = u(t) ∗ [ ]
+4δ(t − 2) − 5δ(t − 4)
(−1 ≤ n ≤ 0)
y(t) = 3u(t + 3) − 2u(t + 1) + 4u(t − 2)
Let h(n) = {a, b}
−5u(t − 4)
1 1
y(t)
a a a 5
+
b b b 3
5
1
y[n] = {a, a + b, b}
↑ −3 −1 0 1 2 4
By comparing with given output {1, 2, 1} E = (3)2 × 2 + (1)2 × 3 + (5)2 × 2
↑ = 9 × 2 + 1 × 3 + 25 × 2
⇒ a = 1 ,b = 1 = 18 + 3 + 50 = 71 J
t t
0 T 0 T
5
t 9. [Ans. *]Range: 6.4 to 6.6
−4 −2 1 3
∞ x(t − 1)
∫ y(t) dt = Area of signal y(t) 4
−∞
y(t)Area = (5 × 2) + (7 × 3) + (3 × 2) + (9 × 2)
= 10 + 21 + 6 + 18 = 55 2
1
6. [Ans. D]
0 2 3 4 5 t
System S1 : h[n] = e−2|n|
h[n] ≠ 0, for n < 0 (non causal) y(t)
∞ ∞ 7
−2|n|
∑ |h[n]| = ∑ e 6
n=−∞ n=−∞
−1 ∞
2
= ∑ e2n + ∑ e−2n
n=−∞ n=0
−2 0 2 3 4 5 t
e 1
= −2
+ <∞ y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t) ; h(t) = u[−t + 1]
1−e 1 − e−2
System is stable and statement 2 is true. dy(t) dh(t)
[ = x(t) ∗ ]
System S2 : h[n] = 2n u[n − 1] dt dt
h[n] = 0, for n < 0 (causal) dy(t)
∞ ∞ = x(t) ∗ δ[−t + 1]
dt
∑ |h[n]| = ∑ |2n u[n − 1]| = [x(t) ∗ δ(t − 1)]
n=−∞
∞
n=−∞ dy(t)
= x[t − 1]
= ∑ 2n = 2 + 4 + 8 … dt
t
n=1 y(t) = ∫ x(t − 1) ∙ dt
This is not absolutely summable, thus the −∞
y(3) = 19 s(−t)
Flip 1
11. [Ans. *]Range: 0 to 0
Response of overall system t
h[n] = h1 [n] + {−h2 [n] ∗ h1 [n]}
= h1 [n] − {h2 [n] ∗ h1 [n]} −1
= h1 [n] − {δ[n − 1] ∗ h1 [n]}
h(t)
= h1 [n] − h1 [n − 1]
1
= 0.5δ[n − 1] + 0.7δ[n] − 0.5δ[n − 2]
2
− 0.7δ[n − 1] t
0 1 3 4
= 0.7δ[n] − 0.2δ[n − 1] − 0.5δ[n − 2] ⋯ ①
From the given problem, we have −1
h[n] = Aδ[n] + Bδ[n − 1] − Cδ[n − 2] ⋯ ② 0−1
Slope between 3 to 4 = = −1
So, by comparing equations ① and ②, we get 1
∞
A = 0.7, B = −0.2, C = −0.5
y(t) = ∫ s(τ)h(t − τ)dτ
Thus, we obtain A + B + C = 0 −∞
∞
y(1) = ∫ s(τ)h(1 − τ)dτ
12. [Ans. *]Range: 8.50 to 8.80 −∞
x1 (t) s(τ)
1 1
t 2
1 0 1 τ
− + 1 3 4
2 2
x2 (t)
1 −1
s(τ)h(1 − τ)
t
9 0 9 1
− +
2 2
As convolution of two unequal length
τ
rectangles is a trapezoidal signal 0 1
z(t) 1
1 y(1) = × 1 × 1 = 0.5
2
1 1
∗
4
−1 0 +1 t 1 3 t −5 −3 0 2 4 t
y(t) y(t) = x(t) ∗ h(t)
y(t) = h(t) ∗ δ(t) = h(t)
2 y(t)|t=4.5 = 42
ω 1
−3 0 +3
⇒ H(ω) working as a Low Pass Filter (LPF)
⇒ So it blocks frequency ω = 4 rad/ sec and 0 4 τ
ω = 6 rad/sec x(2 − τ)
∴ y(t) ⇒ 10 sin(2t)
1
(10)2
Power P ⇒
2
100
⇒ ⇒ 50 units
2 −2 0 +2 τ
∞
19. [Ans. C]
y(t) = x(t) ∗ n(t)
y(t) = x(t) ∗ u(t − 2)
dy(t)
= x(t) ∗ δ(t − 2)
dt
dy(t)
= x(t − 2)
dt
t
y(t) = ∫ x(t − 2) ∙ dt
−∞
y(t)
11 15
10
8 6
3
−3 −1 1 3 5 6 8 t
Area of y(t) = 16 + 20 + 22 + 30 + 3 + 12
⇒ A = 103
Energy of y(t)
⇒ 128 + 200 + 242 + 450 + 9 + 72
⇒ E = 1101
20. [Ans. B]
h(t) = (h1 (t) + h2 (t)) ∗ h3 (t)
= [2δ(t + 3) + 3δ(t − 1) + δ(t + 2)] ∗ 4u(t − 3)
= [8u(t − 3) ∗ δ(t + 3) + 12u(t − 3)
∗ δ(t − 1) + 4u(t − 3) ∗ δ(t + 2)
⇒ h(t) = [8u(t) + 12u(t − 4) + 4u(t − 1)]
h(t)
24
12
8
t
0 1 4
h(t)|t=5 = 24
T
1 +2
Power = P = lim ∫ |x(t)|2 dt
T→∞ T −T
2
T
1 1 4
2
⇒ lim [∫ (8)2 dt + ∫ (12)2 dt + ∫ (24)2 dt]
T→∞ T 0
1 4
T
1
⇒ lim [64 + 144(4 − 1) + (24)2 [t]42 ]
T→∞ T
1 T
⇒ lim (0 + 0 + (24)2 [ − 4])
T→∞ T 2
(24)2
⇒ ⇒ 288
2