Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

is a professional association for electronic engineering and Institute of Electrical and
electrical engineering (and associated disciplines) with its Electronics Engineers
corporate office in New York City[3] and its operations center in
Piscataway, New Jersey. It was formed in 1963 from the
amalgamation of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers
and the Institute of Radio Engineers.[4]

Due to its expansion of scope into so many related fields, it is Founded January 1, 1963
simply referred to by the letters I-E-E-E (pronounced I-triple-E), Type Professional association
except on legal business documents. As of 2018, it is the world's Tax ID 13-1656633[1]
largest association of technical professionals[5] with more than no.
423,000 members in over 160 countries around the world.[6] Its
Legal 501(c)(3) nonprofit
objectives are the educational and technical advancement of
status organization
electrical and electronic engineering, telecommunications,
computer engineering and allied disciplines.[3][7] Focus Electrical, electronics,
communications, computer
engineering, computer
science and information
Contents technology[2]
History Location Piscataway, New Jersey,
Origins
US
Growth
Origins Merger of the American
Controversies
Huawei ban Institute of Electrical
Engineers and the Institute
Publications of Radio Engineers
Educational activities Method Industry standards,
Membership grades conferences, publications
Technical societies under the IEEE Members 420,000+
Technical councils Key Stephen Welby (Executive
people director & COO)
Technical committees
Toshio Fukuda (President &
Country and local chapters
CEO)
IEEE Foundation
Revenue US$413 million
Legal issues
Website www.ieee.org (https://www.i
See also eee.org/)
References
External links

History
Origins

The IEEE traces its founding to 1884 and the American Institute of Electrical Engineers. In 1912, the rival
Institute of Radio Engineers was formed. Although the AIEE was initially larger, the IRE attracted more
students and was larger by the mid 1950s.

The IEEE headquarters is in New York City at 3 Park Ave, but most business is done at the IEEE Operations
Center[8] in Piscataway, NJ, first occupied in 1975.

Growth

The AIEE and the IRE merged to create the IEEE on 1 January 1963. At that time, the combined group had
150,000 members, 93% in the United States. By 1984 there were 250,000 members, 20% of whom were
outside the U.S. Today, IEEE has over 400,000 members in 160 countries, with the U.S. based membership
no longer constituting a majority. [9]

Controversies

Huawei ban

In May 2019, IEEE restricted Huawei employees from peer reviewing papers or handling papers as editors.
As members of its standard-setting body, Huawei employees could continue to exercise their voting rights,
attend standards development meetings, submit proposals and comment in public discussions on new
standards.[10][11][12]

The ban sparked outrage among Chinese scientists on social media. Some professors in China decided to
cancel their memberships.[13][14]

On June 3, 2019, IEEE lifted restrictions on Huawei's editorial and peer review activities after receiving
clearance from the United States government.[15][16][17]

Publications
IEEE produces over 30% of the world's literature in the electrical and electronics engineering and computer
science fields, publishing well over 100 peer-reviewed journals[18] and magazines; it also sponsors over
1800 conferences and events.

The published content in these journals as well as the content from several hundred annual conferences
sponsored by the IEEE are available in the IEEE online digital library and research database, IEEE
Xplore,[19] for subscription-based access and individual publication purchases.[20]

In addition to journals and conference proceedings, the IEEE also publishes tutorials and standards that are
produced by its standardization committees. The organization also has its own IEEE format paper. In writing
IEEE papers, it is not just a matter of mentioning the author's name or the page number or the date an article
was published. The most important aspect is referring to the source by indicating its number in a square
bracket and ensure it corresponds with the full citation as mentioned in the reference list.[21]

Educational activities
The IEEE provides learning opportunities within the engineering sciences, research, and technology.

IEEE offers educational opportunities such as IEEE e Learning Library,[22] the Education Partners
Program,[23] Standards in Education[24] and Continuing Education Units (CEUs).[25]

IEEE eLearning Library is a collection of online educational courses designed for self-paced learning.
Education Partners, exclusive for IEEE members, offers on-line degree programs, certifications and courses
at a 10% discount. The Standards in Education website explains what standards are and the importance of
developing and using them. The site includes tutorial modules and case illustrations to introduce the history
of standards, the basic terminology, their applications and impact on products, as well as news related to
standards, book reviews and links to other sites that contain information on standards. Currently, twenty-
nine states in the United States require Professional Development Hours (PDH) to maintain a Professional
Engineering license,[26][27] encouraging engineers to seek Continuing Education Units (CEUs) for their
participation in continuing education programs. CEUs readily translate into Professional Development
Hours (PDHs), with 1 CEU being equivalent to 10 PDHs. Countries outside the United States, such as South
Africa, similarly require continuing professional development (CPD) credits, and it is anticipated that IEEE
Expert Now courses will feature in the CPD listing for South Africa.

IEEE also sponsors a website designed to help young people better understand engineering, and how an
engineering career can be made part of their future. Students of age 8–18, parents, and teachers can explore
the site to prepare for an engineering career, ask experts engineering-related questions, play interactive
games, explore curriculum links, and review lesson plans. This website also allows students to search for
accredited engineering degree programs in Canada and the United States; visitors are able to search by
state/province/territory, country, degree field, tuition ranges, room and board ranges, size of student body,
and location (rural, suburban, or urban).

Through the Student Activities Committee, IEEE facilitates partnership between student activities and all
other IEEE entities.[28]

Membership grades
Most IEEE members are electrical and electronics engineers, but the organization's wide scope of interests
has attracted people in other disciplines as well (e.g., computer science, software engineering, mechanical
engineering, civil engineering, biology, physics, and mathematics).

An individual can join the IEEE as a student member, professional member, or associate member. In order to
qualify for membership, the individual must fulfill certain academic or professional criteria and abide to the
code of ethics and bylaws of the organization. There are several categories and levels of IEEE membership
and affiliation:

Student Members: Student membership is available for a reduced fee to those who are
enrolled in an accredited institution of higher education as undergraduate or graduate students
in technology or engineering.
Graduate Student Members: Graduate Student Membership is discounted but members at
this level have greater privileges than do Student Members.
Members: Ordinary or professional Membership requires that the individual have graduated
from a technology or engineering program of an appropriately accredited institution of higher
education or have demonstrated professional competence in technology or engineering
through at least six years of professional work experience. An associate membership is
available to an individual whose area of expertise falls outside the scope of the IEEE or who
does not, at the time of enrollment, meet all the requirements for full membership. Students
 and Associates have all the privileges of members, except the right to vote and hold certain
offices.
Society Affiliates: Some IEEE Societies also allow a person who is not an IEEE member to
become a Society Affiliate of a particular Society within the IEEE, which allows a limited form
of participation in the work of a particular IEEE Society.
Senior Members: Upon meeting certain requirements, a professional member can apply for
Senior Membership, which is the highest level of recognition that a professional member can
directly apply for. Applicants for Senior Member must have at least three letters of
recommendation from Senior, Fellow, or Honorary members and fulfill other rigorous
requirements of education, achievement, remarkable contribution, and experience in the field.
The Senior Members are a selected group, and certain IEEE officer positions are available
only to Senior (and Fellow) Members. Senior Membership is also one of the requirements for
those who are nominated and elevated to the grade IEEE Fellow, a distinctive honor.
Fellow Members: The Fellow grade is the highest level of membership, conferred by the IEEE
Board of Directors upon persons "with [extraordinary records] of accomplishments in any of the
IEEE fields of interest". It cannot be applied for directly by the member; the candidate must be
nominated by others, and of the Institute's voting membership no more than one in one
thousand can be selected as Fellows in any given year.[29]
Honorary Members: Individuals who are not IEEE members but have demonstrated
exceptional contributions, such as being a recipient of an IEEE Medal of Honor, may receive
Honorary Membership from the IEEE Board of Directors.[30]
Life Members, Life Senior Members and Life Fellows: Members who have reached the age
of 65 and whose number of years of membership plus their age in years adds up to at least
100 are recognized as Life Members, Life Senior Members or Life Fellows, as appropriate.

Technical societies under the IEEE

Various technical areas are addressed by IEEE's 39 societies, each one focused on a certain knowledge area.
They provide specialized publications, conferences, business networking and sometimes other services.[31]

IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society

IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society
IEEE Broadcast Technology Society
IEEE Circuits and Systems Society
IEEE Communications Society
IEEE Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology Society
IEEE Computational Intelligence Society
IEEE Computer Society
IEEE Consumer Electronics Society
IEEE Control Systems Society
IEEE Dielectrics & Electrical Insulation Society
IEEE Education Society
IEEE Electromagnetic Compatibility Society
IEEE Electron Devices Society
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society
IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
IEEE Industry Applications Society
IEEE Information Theory Society
 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Society
IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Society
IEEE Magnetics Society
IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society
IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society
IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society
IEEE Photonics Society
IEEE Power Electronics Society
IEEE Power & Energy Society
IEEE Product Safety Engineering Society
IEEE Professional Communication Society
IEEE Reliability Society
IEEE Robotics and Automation Society
IEEE Signal Processing Society
IEEE Society on Social Implications of Technology
IEEE Solid-State Circuits Society
IEEE Systems, Man & Cybernetics Society
IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control Society
IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society
IEEE Vehicular Technology Society

Technical councils
IEEE technical councils are collaborations of several IEEE societies on a broader knowledge area. There are
currently seven technical councils:[32]

IEEE Biometrics Council

IEEE Council on Electronic Design Automation
IEEE Nanotechnology Council
IEEE Sensors Council
IEEE Council on Superconductivity
IEEE Systems Council
IEEE Council on RFID (CRFID)[33]

Technical committees
To allow a quick response to new innovations, IEEE can also organize technical committees on top of their
technical societies and technical councils. There are currently over twenty such technical committees.[34]

Country and local chapters

A large number of countries have their own IEEE chapters. These chapters can then result into multiple
local chapters to unite local members with similar technical interests.[35]

IEEE Foundation
The IEEE Foundation is a charitable foundation established in 1973[36] to support and promote technology
education, innovation and excellence.[37] It is incorporated separately from the IEEE, although it has a close
relationship to it. Members of the Board of Directors of the foundation are required to be active members of
IEEE, and one third of them must be current or former members of the IEEE Board of Directors.

Initially, the role of the IEEE Foundation was to accept and administer donations for the IEEE Awards
program, but donations increased beyond what was necessary for this purpose, and the scope was
broadened. In addition to soliciting and administering unrestricted funds, the foundation also administers
donor-designated funds supporting particular educational, humanitarian, historical preservation, and peer
recognition programs of the IEEE.[37] As of the end of 2014, the foundation's total assets were nearly $45
million, split equally between unrestricted and donor-designated funds.[38]

Legal issues
In May 2018, Intellitech Corp., an EDA software company from Dover, New Hampshire, filed a suit against
IEEE to the United States District Court for the District of New Hampshire, claiming that the IEEE had
copied, used and modified technical documents which contained Intellitech's watermark, and moved for
summary judgment, requesting to establish IEEE's liability for copyright infringement. The court denied
Intellitech's request for summary judgment and concluded that the doctrine of implied license put forth by
the IEEE is highly fact-specific, thus precluding summary judgment.[39] The court also denied the IEEE's
motion for summary judgment, which sought to preclude Intellitech from recovering statutory damages,
attorney fees, and injunction, based on Title 17 of the United States Code § 412(1).[39]

See also
Certified Software Development Professional (CSDP) program of the IEEE Computer Society
GlobalSpec - acquired by IEEE in 2016, having partnered with them and using their search
engine of engineering and industrial products.[40]
Glossary of electrical and electronics engineering
Engineering and Technology History Wiki
Eta Kappa Nu – IEEE Honor society
IEEE Cloud Computing
IEEE Standards Association
Institution of Engineering and Technology (UK)
List of IEEE awards
List of IEEE Fellows

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External links
Official website (https://www.ieee.org/)
IEEE Xplore (https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/), research database and online digital library archive
 IEEE History Center (https://ethw.org/IEEE_History_Center)

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