數學系

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Course Code: MATH 2023
Course Title: Multivariable Calculus
Semester: Spring 2015-16
Date and Time: 17 March 2016, 7pm-9pm

Instructions
• Do NOT open the exam until instructed to do so.
• This is a CLOSED BOOK, CLOSED NOTES exam.
• All mobile phones and communication devices should be switched OFF.
• Only calculators approved by HKEAA can be used.
• Answer ALL eight problems.
• You must SHOW YOUR WORK to receive credits in all problems except Problem #1.
Answers alone (whether correct or not) will not receive any credit.
• Some problems are structured into several parts. You can quote the results stated in
the preceding parts to do the next part, regardless of whether you can complete the
preceding parts or not. However, different parts in the same problem are not necessarily
co-related.

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“I confirm that I have answered the questions using only materials specified approved
for use in this examination, that all the answers are my own work, and that I have not
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Problem 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
Max 27 10 10 10 10 12 15 6 100
Score
MATH 2023 Page 1 of 11 Midterm Exam

1. Answer the following conceptual questions. No justification is needed.

(a) Consider the following graph of a saddle: /2

y
x

Is it the graph of f ( x, y) = x2 y2 , or the graph of g( x, y) = y2 x2 ? Circle the

correct answer:
f ( x, y) g( x, y)

::
(b) Below is the level-set diagram of a C2 function f . The contours f ( x, y) = c with /10
c = 0, 1, . . . , 6 are shown.
2.0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

1.5
P

y 1.0

0.5

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
x

Consider the point P indicated on the diagram. Answer the following questions:
i. Determine whether each of the following quantities is positive, zero or negative.
Circle the correct answers.

f ( P) positive zero negative

f y ( P) O
positive zero negative

f xx ( P) O
positive zero negative

D i+j
p
f ( P) positive zero
0 negative
2

ii. Sketch the direction of r f ( P) on the diagram.

Problem #1 continues on next page. . .

 MATH 2023 Page 2 of 11 Midterm Exam

(c) In class, we went through the proofs of several important theorems. Which of the /3
following theorem(s) was/were proved using the chain rule in at least one of the
steps?
p
Put “ ” in all correct answer(s):

see
The formula Dû f = r f · û
lecture #7 - / The fact that r f ( P ) is perpendicular to the level curve of f at P
or notes P 36.

/ Second Derivative Test for two-variable functions f ( x, y )

2047 2047

la IF 't "/ds= ) Ids =

2047 -
1997
IF 'Css1=1 :
,
.

1997
(d) Let r(s) be an arc-length parametrization of a curve. Write down the arc-length of /2
the curve from s = 1997 to s = 2047.

50

1×+0-1++212=1
(e) Write down an upward-pointing normal vector of the plane x 2z = 1. /2

- T + Zk ( or - ciizik fn
any const .
C > 0 )

(f) Give an example of a parametric curve r(t) in R2 such that: /2

d d
|r(t)| = 0 whereas r(t) = 1.
dt dt

One possible answer :

FH= ( cost )i + ( sintlj

Problem #1 continues on next page. . .

MATH 2023 Page 3 of 11 Midterm Exam

(g) Let f ( x, y) be a C2 function defined on R2 which satisfies: /6

r f (0, 0) = 0i + 0j c- critical
f xx (0, 0) = 2 point
⇣ ⌘
2
f xx f yy f xy (0, 0) = 1

Answer the following short questions: :*

fattiest .

air

i. Write down a normal vector to the graph of f at the point (0, 0, f (0, 0)).

k ( or chi for any ( to )

ii. Is (0, 0) a local maximum, a local minimum or a saddle point of f ? Circle the
correct answer:

0
local maximum local minimum saddle point not enough data

iii. Is f yy (0, 0) positive, negative or zero? Circle the correct answer:

i
t±,fyy=f×j+1
positive zero 0
negative not enough data

⇐
¥
fyy < 0
MATH 2023 Page 4 of 11 Midterm Exam

2. Given three points in R3 :

P(1, 2, 0), Q(3, 1, 4) and R(0, 1, 2).

(a) Find an equation of the plane containing P, Q and R. /7

Fax
a
POT = ( 3.1.47 -
4 , -2,0 )

= (2 ,
3,4 )
n =Fd×PI
R
.

PR = ( o , -1,2 ) -
( l , -2,0 )
.

P
= ( -1
,
I ,
2)

pR- =
§[
£4 = 2i -

Sj +5k
-
1 1 2

Take n = POT × PT = (2 ,
-8,5 )

The plane through PCI -2.0 )

passes
,

Equation of the plane :

2×-84+52=(2141+1-814+15110)
Zx -

fry +52=18

(b) Find the point S on the x-axis such that P, Q, R and S are coplanar. /3

S needs be the
to on plane 2×-8,1+52=18 found in (a) .

S on the × -
axis S= ( x 0.01
,
- Need to find × .

Sub Kio ,o ) into the plane equation :

2×-8101+5101=18 2,1=18 ×=9

: .SC 9,0 ,o )
MATH 2023 Page 5 of 11 Midterm Exam

y
3. (a) Let f ( x, y) = x e where x, y > 0. Find the partial derivatives f x and f y . /5
'
"
'

fx ofxxk dxe '

'

= =

fs= Fyke "=

"
fznxle
"
fye
.

xldllnx

:
= .

" p !#
2 3 x2 1 + x2 + x4
1
(b) Let g( x, y) = x y + e tan log 4 . independent /5
1 + ( x 2 + 1 ) x +1
✓ ◆ of y
∂ ∂g
Find the second partial derivative .
∂y ∂x

¥, =
3×4/+0
'

¥×P÷p=fx( 3×44=6×4 "

continuous

By Mixed Partials Theorem ,

¥t =fxl¥p=6×y2
MATH 2023 Page 6 of 11 Midterm Exam

4. (a) Let f ( x, y, z) be a C1 function of three variables. Regard y to be a C1 function of x /6

and z such that:
f ( x, y( x, z), z) = 0.
∂y fz
Using the chain rule, show that = .
∂z fy

f ( x
ycx , Z )=o
f
, ,

Fz f ( x ,
ycx ) ,z ,
Z
) =o •

a-
× 2
7
¥¥z+fE=o by chuan

11
¥¥n÷ X z

fte -
¥T¥ = .

'÷y
,

(b) Given that: /4

2 2
sin x + cos y + y + cos z = 0.
∂y
Regarding y as a C1 function of x and z, find the partial derivative . Your final
∂z
answer can be in terms of all x, y and z.
Let fcxiy ,z)= sin x +
cosy
+
yi .
as2Z

Then from (a) ,

we have :

Zaszitsinzt Zsinz asz

f?z=jjf¥= -

sin
=

y+2y 2y
-

sing
MATH 2023 Page 7 of 11 Midterm Exam

5. Consider the parametric curve in R2 :

r(t) = et cos t i + et sin t j.

p
(a) Show that: |r0 (t)| = 2 et /6

P 'H= ( etast - etsint )i+( etsinttetast )j

=et[ ( cost -
sintli + ( sinttastsj ]

IF 'aI= et Kast -
sintli + ( sinttastsjl
= et ( cost -
sintjtlsinttast }
= et wit -
Zastsinttsiittsiit + Zsint cost + cos 't

=D 2( cost t.int )
=

et
(b) Find an arc-length parametrization r(s) of the curve. /4

§ } IF 'mldu { IF
'

IT 'mldu luydu
'
s=
et S= or
,
or : s=
'

tony const .

µ
=§5zeudu
K s= Eet
s=5z( et d) .

t.by set
= Jzeutto =Tz( et . , ) t=ln( e '+E )

et= i. Ez t=lnH+E )

r Cs)=¥Ed[
(aslnatfd )i+( sina.is#Dj ]
MATH 2023 Page 8 of 11 Midterm Exam

6. Find the maximum and minimum of the function f ( x, y) = xy subject to the constraint /12
x2 xy + y2 = 3.
' '
Let gcx ,y)= x -

xyty Need to solve :

H=t7g and g=3
) a
o¥it¥ y=uxy
-

{ ¥ =
30¥
,
.

x=N
xtzy
. ) - Q

gay ) =3
x2 -

xy +5=3 -
3

Case a) :
×=1tx+2y ) to

then )
Q@ }==tIYI÷H, yfxtzyhxlzxy

.tn/t2yh=2xt#=sy2=xi=sy=x or - x .

When 3 Xix 'txk3 X=3 x=±JJ

y=× ,

.
.

. ( × .y ) = ( JFJJ ) or C- F ,
-8 )

When y= -
x
,
3 xixhtx '
=3 3×13 XHI ×= 1 or -1

:( ) C- I 1)
. ×
,y)= ( l
,
-
l or ,

Case b) : x=1( .

×+zy)=o
then we have x=o .
The three equations become :

= '

Y
33 y=0
o

im
=

=3
y=b or -8
] - antradiction

My
: . No solution in this case .

( 53,53 ) 3
) max

cx.tt#=xy
C- 53 , -53 ) 3

( l -
I ) - 1

)
,
min
C- 1,1 ) - 1
MATH 2023 Page 9 of 11 Midterm Exam

7. Suppose u( x, y) and v( x, y) are C2 functions defined on R2 which satisfy the relations:

∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
= and =
∂x ∂y ∂y ∂x

(a) The rectangular and polar coordinates are related by x = r cos q and y = r sin q. /10
Under this relation, we can also regard u and v as functions of (r, q ).
∂u 1 ∂v ∂v 1 ∂u
Show that: = and = .
∂r r ∂q ∂r r ∂q

¥ =¥¥ +
ftp.ftr.ft.fr Cross +
ftp.focrsinos

= f÷ as O +
¥, since

=
¥, as O -

¥ sino

¥ =
f÷¥ot¥¥o =
f÷ to cross +
ftyfocrsino )

= ¥x ( - r sino ) + ¥, raso

= rf ¥x since +
ofyaso ) = roof

.
:
¥ trot
*

¥o=¥x¥o+¥iFo=¥x hrstnstfty
ram(
compiled above

=
of, .

( -
r sino ) -

¥x ( rcoso ) =
-
r
( ¥, Sino +0£ as o )

¥r=o¥¥+fE¥r=¥cd+¥y±o ,
-
computed
before

:
¥ .
.
roar ¥ =
-
tr¥o
*

Problem #7 continues on next page. . .

MATH 2023 Page 10 of 11 Midterm Exam

(b) Using (a), show that: /5

∂2 u 1 ∂u 1 ∂2 u
+ + 2 2 = 0.
∂r2 r ∂r r ∂q
[Hint and remark: You can assume that the Mixed Partials Theorem holds in polar
coordinates, i.e. urq = uqr and vrq = vqr .]

o
¥t¥Fo¥o .

=÷C¥+tofr+tfoo¥
=¥( trodo )+ 's .fr#+ffofroEr ) ( from can

=¥¥oi÷o¥o¥Fo+Etr¥D
=H¥o -0¥
= 0 by Mixed Partials Theorem .
 MATH 2023 Page 11 of 11 Midterm Exam

8. Let f ( x, y) be a function of two variables and r(s) = x (s)i + y(s)j be an arc-length /6

parametrized curve in R2 such that

d
r(s) = r f ( x (s), y(s)).
ds
Here r f ( x (s), y(s)) means r f evaluated at the point ( x (s), y(s)). Assume that both
f ( x, y) and r(t) are C2 . Show that:

d2
f ( x (s), y(s)) = 0.
ds2

a By chain rule ,

]
¥ simplicity
×
For

oetxitofjs
c-
dfsflxcs) .ycsD=
:
ddxziodytddt
/ / we write
off in place of fxtcxssyisi )
)
(
'itHBr\
(×
'
= .

's
, ,
same for ¥y .

Of Pts )
several
= "
"
used for
.

A trick we

in the proofs presented

places
Given that F 's )= of :

in class .

ddsflxisycs )
, = F 's ) .
its )

't )/
'
F
=
/ =L
has , is arc .

length parametrized

dd÷HxN,yaD=Qa( adsftxcshy 'D=¥sl=o* "

End of Exam