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2.1.4 Auxiliary Tunnel Facilities

Auxiliary tunnel facilities, such as ventilation, lighting and emergency facilities, shall be
determined referring to tunnel-related specifications, and at the planning of such facilities, they
shall be planned by comprehensively considering the elements such as construction plan, ease
of construction, maintenance and ease of inspection.

[Commentary]
In road tunnels, auxiliary facilities, such as ventilation, lighting and emergency facilities are
closely related to the amount of traffic, tunnel length and longitudinal gradient. Therefore,
when deciding the position of portals and/or longitudinal alignment, tentative design of
ventilation points, position of ventilation ducts, ventilation scale and emergency facilities shall
be examined and compared comprehensively with construction cost, ease of construction,
maintenance cost and ease of inspection, etc. Especially, in case of long tunnels, the
arrangement of ventilation points or ventilation ducts may decide the tunnel alignment
depending on the most economical ventilation system. Too many short tunnels may be less
economical in the planning of lighting facilities, because the cost of transition lighting at both
tunnel doorways is dominant.

2.2 Construction Planning

2.2.1 Establishment of Construction Sections
In planning construction, construction sections shall be established by giving consideration
to construction cost, tunnel cross section, gradient, ground conditions, location conditions,
etc.

[Commentary]
When dividing the total length of a tunnel into construction sections, each section should, in
principle, be provided with natural drainage, avoiding downward boring. Dividing into
construction lots and scheduling types of work should be effectively arranged so that the
construction sections can be finished at the same time as possible.

2.2.2 Construction Methods and Schedule Planning

In planning construction, suitable construction methods shall be determined by giving
consideration to the tunnel cross section, length of construction section, construction period,
ground condition, location condition, etc. and the schedule shall be planned on the basis
thereof.

[Commentary]
In general, the process of a tunneling project is determined putting together the periods of
preparation work, tunnel boring work, auxiliary work and clearing. The total process should be
able to include the times required to install the equipment. Fig. 2.2.6 shows an example of a
process of construction work process.