TOUR 8T

TRAVEL AGENCY OPERATIONS

Week 1

Definition, Function, Characteristics and Organization of a Travel Agencies / Travel

Management Companies

The Traditional Way

A travel agency in its traditional role as agents for principals and travel services
providers is defined as follows:

“A commercial enterprise where a traveler can secure information and expertise, get
impartial counseling and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point
in the world.”

 The travel agency acts as a middleman between the vendor and the vendee.
The vendee communicates with the middlemen and the middlemen
communicate with the vendor and vice-versa.

 As a middleman, the Agency collects an agent’s commission from the vendor.

This commission is normally defined as rate-minus.

 The Agency is allowed to unilaterally mark up the net cost given by the vendor.
This is known as the net-plus. “ the best price driven”

Vendor Middleman Vendee

The New Trends

 Global Distribution Systems (GDS) – perform electronic marketing as well as sales

functions for various travel services suppliers
  Advent of internet as a source of information, e-rates and online bookings and
confirmations directly with the vendors

The New Way

Travel Management Company

 Acts as a partner to both the vendor and the vendee

 Proactive – provides the individual traveler with the most suitable suppliers based
on the vendee’s needs, convenience and price

 Examines and evaluates vendee’s preferences and budgets and determines

“the best travel arrangement”

 Manages all of the vendee’s travel process from the negotiation stage to the
post travel review for a professional fee described as cost-plus “the best travel
solution”

Vendee

Vendor TMC

TMC is defined as “a commercial enterprise where a traveler may secure information,

receive travel advice and make arrangements to travel by air, sea or land to any point
in the world for a professional fee.

Functions of a Travel Agency / TMC

1. Provide information and expertise.

 2. Recommend destinations, products and services best suited to the needs of the
client

3. Provide assistance in securing travel documents

4. Process travel arrangements

5. Assist in cases of refunds and cancellations

Sales and Revenues of Travel Agency / TMC

1. Professional or handling fee (TMC – cost plus)

2. Fixed commission on regular fares (rate minus) or a reasonable mark-up on net

fares (net plus)

3. Ancillary services

4. Incentives and rebates

Characteristics of Travel Agent / TMC

1. Retailer

2. Acts as a counselor to the end-user and an agent for the supplier

3. Derives revenues from a pre-determined fixed commission or professional fee

4. Charges fees for ancillary services

Organizational Structure, Departmental Functions and Job Descriptions

A. Administration

1. General Administration – legal aspects of the organization, purchase and

maintenance, insurance, formulation of company policies & SOPS

2. Personnel Section – hiring policies and compensation schemes

3. Accounting Section – handles all records including permits, licenses and

responsible for the custody of accountable forms

4. Finance Section – acts as a custodian of all money collected and disbursed

B. Operations – the Core of the TA / TMC business

1. Counter-counseling

2. Reservations

3. Fare Calculation

4. Ticketing
 5. Documentation

C. Marketing & Sales – generate targeted maximum sales for the organization in
order to meet the targeted figures.

Setting up a Travel Agency / TMC

A. Identify the type of ownership

1. Sole / Single Proprietorship – owned by a single individual

2. Partnership – owned by at least 2 individuals

3. Corporation – it requires a minimum of 5 investors

B. Secure all the requirements needed

1. Sole Proprietorship

1.1. DTI Trade Registration for Trade Name Registration, TIN of owner, Bank
Certificate for company’s capitalization

1.2. LGU – DTI Certificate, Application form, Resume of Owner, List of

employees, All clearances and permits

2. Partnership

2.1. SEC – Articles of Partnership, Bank Certificate

2.2. DTI Registration - Articles of Partnership, Bank Certificate

2.3. LGU – SEC approved partnership document, -same as SP-

3. Corporation

3.1. SEC – Articles of Incorporation, By-laws, Bank Certificate, Incorporators’

resumes

3.2. DTI Registration – same as SEC

3.3. LGU - same

**DOT Accreditation for TMCs/TAs is optional while an LGU license is a must – DOT
Accreditation is a certificate issued by the DOT that the holder has complied with the
DOT’s minimum standards in the operation of the establishment concerned, which shall
ensure the comfort and convenience of the tourist.
 TRAVEL AGENCY OPERATIONS

Week 2

Phonetic Alphabet, International and Local City / Airport Codes, Airline Codes

Phonetic Alphabet

Different names for the same spelling alphabet. The International Civil Aviation
Organization's alphabet is the widely used alphabet of code words by pilots, air traffic
controllers and airline customer service agents in the airline industry.

In the world of aviation, there is a different way of learning your ABC's. The ICAO
Alphabet is not only used by the military, but also by airline employees. It is a great way
to make sure you are understood (since a B, P, T, and V sound hauntingly similar when
spoken), and an appropriate introduction to airline lingo.

• A - Alpha • O - Oscar
• B - Bravo • P - Papa
• C - Charlie • Q - Quebec
• D - Delta • R - Romeo
• E - Echo • S - Sierra
• F - Foxtrot • T - Tango
• G - Golf • U - Uniform
• H - Hotel • V - Victor
• I - India • W - Whiskey
• J - Juliet • X - X-ray
• K - Kilo • Y - Yankee
• L - Lima • Z - Zulu
• M - Mike
• N - November

International Air Transport Associations (IATA)

 IATA - The International Air Transport Association - was founded in Havana, Cuba,
in April 1945. It is the prime vehicle for inter-airline cooperation in promoting safe,
reliable, secure and economical air services - for the benefit of the world's consumers.
The international scheduled air transport industry is now more than 100 times larger
than it was in 1945. Few industries can match the dynamism of that growth,
which would have been much less spectacular without the standards, practices
and procedures developed within IATA.
At its founding, IATA had 57 Members from 31 nations, mostly in Europe and
North America. Today it has over 270 Members from more than 140 nations in every part
of the globe.
The modern IATA is the successor to the International Air Traffic Association
founded in The Hague in 1919 - the year of the world’s first international scheduled
services.

This was reflected in the 1945 Articles of Association and a much more precise
definition of IATA's aims than had existed before 1939.
 To promote safe, regular and economical air transport for the benefit of the
peoples of the world, to foster air commerce, and to study the problems connected
therewith;
 To provide means for collaboration among the air transport enterprises
engaged directly or indirectly in international air transport service;

 To cooperate with the newly created International Civil Aviation Organization

(ICAO - the specialized United Nations agency for civil aviation) and other international
organizations.

INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) TRAFFIC CONFERENCE AREA

This IATA Traffic Conference Area was conceptualized to easily divide the world into
only 3 areas. This is used mainly for airline purposes especially in determining the RATE or
PRICE of a ticket. Price of a ticket in the same TC area is usually related to each other.

AIRLINE /CITY /AIRPORT CODES

AREA 1 – NORTH / CENTRAL / SOUTH AMERICA

Country State / Capital City Airport

Code
Canada Ottawa YOW
Charlottetown YYG
Edmonton YEG
Halifax YHZ
Montreal YMQ
Ontario ONT
Quebec YQB
Toronto YYZ
Vancouver YVR
Winnipeg YWG
Greenland Nuuk GOH
 Country State / Capital City Airport
Code
United States of America Washington DC WAS
Washington Dulles Apt IAD
Alabama – Montgomery MGM
Alaska – Juneau JNU
Arizona – Phoenix PHX
Arkansas – Little Rock LIT
California – Sacramento SMF
Los Angeles LAX
San Diego SAN
San Francisco SFO
Colorado – Denver DEN
Florida – Miami MIA
Tampa TPA
Orlando ORL
Orlando International Airport MCO
Georgia – Atlanta ATL
Hawaii – Honolulu HNL
Idaho – Boise BOI
Illinois – Springfield SPI
Chicago CHI
Chicago O’ Hare Int’l. Apt. ORD
Indiana – Indianapolis IND
Iowa – Des Moines DSM
Kansas – Topeka TOP
Louisiana – Baton Rouge BTR
New Orleans MSY
Maine – Augusta AUG
Massachusetts – Boston BOS
Michigan – Lansing LAN
Minnesota – Minneapolis St. Paul MSP
Mississippi – Jackson JAN
Missouri – Kansas City Int’l. Apt. MCI
St. Louis STL
Montana – Helena HLN
Nebraska – Lincoln LNK
New Mexico – Sta. Fe SAF
New York – New York City NYC
Newark Int’l. Apt. EWR
Albany ALB
 Country State / Capital City Airport
Code
United States of America North Carolina – Raleigh RDU
North Dakota – Bismarck BIS
Ohio – Columbus CMH
Cincinnati CVG
Oregon – Portland PDX
Pennsylvania – Harrisburg HAR
Pittsburg PIT
Philadelphia PHL
Rhode Island – Providence PVD
South Carolina – Columbia CAE
South Dakota – Pierre PIR
Tennessee – Nashville BNA
Memphis MEM
Texas – Austin AUS
Dallas Forth Worth DFW
Houston HOU
Utah –Salt Lake City SLC
Virginia – Richmond RIC
Washington State – Seattle SEA
West Virginia – Charleston CRW
Wisconsin – Madison MSN
Wyoming – Cheyenne CYS

Argentina Buenos Aires BUE

Brazil Brasilia BSB
Sao Paolo SAO
Rio de Janeiro GIG
Bolivia La Paz LPB
Chile Santiago SCL
Concepcion CCP
Columbia Bogota BOG
Ecuador Quito UIO
French Guiana Cayenne CAU
Guyana Georgetown GEO
Mexico Mexico City MEX
Nicaragua Managua MGA
Paraguay Asuncion ASU
Peru Lima LIM
 Country State / Capital City Airport
Code
Uruguay Montevideo MVD
Venezuela Caracas CCS
Antigua & Barbuda St. Johns ANU
Barbados Bridgetown BGI
Belize Belize City BZE
Costa Rica San Jose SJO
Cuba Havana HAV
Dominica Roseau DCF
Dominican Republic Sto. Domingo SDQ
El Salvador San Salvador SAL
Grenada Georgetown GND
Guatemala Guatemala City GUA
Haiti Port-au-prince PAP
Honduras Tegucigalpa TGU
Jamaica Kingston KIN
Nicaragua Managua MGA
Panama Panama City PTY
St. Kitts & Nevis Basseterre SKB
Trinidad & Tobago Port of Spain NOS
The Bahamas Nassau NAS

AREA 2 – EUROPE / MIDDLE EAST/ AFRICA

 Country State / Capital City Airport
Code
EUROPE
Albania Tirana TIA
Andorra Andorra la Vella ALV
Armenia Yerevan EVN
Austria Vienna VIE
Graz GRZ
Linz LNZ
Belarus Minsk MSQ
Belgium Brussels BRU
Antwerp ANR
Boznia-Herzegovina Sarajevo SJJ
Bulgaria Sofia SOF
Croatia Zagreb ZAG
Czech Republic Prague PRG
Denmark Copenhagen CPH
England London LON
Estonia Tallinn TLL
Finland Helsinki HEL
France Paris PAR
Charles de Gaulle Int’l. Apt. CDG
Lyon LYS
Marseille MRS
Nice NCE
Monte Carlo MCM
Georgia Tbilisi TBS
Germany Berlin BER
Cologne CGN
Frankfurt FRA
Hamburg HAM
Munich MUC
Gibraltar Gibraltar GIB
Greece Athens ATH
Hungary Budapest BUD
Iceland Reykjavik REK
Ireland Dublin DUB
Italy Rome ROM
Leonardo da Vinci – Fiumicino Apt. FCO
Milan MXP
Naples NAP
Venice VCE
Latvia Riga RIX
Lithuania Vilnius VNO
Luxemburg Luxemburg LUX
Macedonia Skopje SKP
Netherlands Amsterdam AMS
Rotterdam RTM
Northern Ireland Belfast BFS
Norway Oslo OSL
Poland Warsaw WAW
Portugal Lisbon LIS
Romania Bucharest BUH
AREA 3 – ASIA / AUSTRALIA
 Country State / Capital City Airport
Code
ASIA
Afghanistan Kabul KBL
Bangladesh Dhaka DAC
Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan BWN
Myanmar Napyidaw NYT
China Beijing Int’l. Apt. PEK
Guangzhou CAN
Shanghai SHA
Hong Kong HKG
Macau MFM
India New Delhi DEL
Bombay BOM
Calcutta CCU
Indonesia Jakarta JKT
Japan Tokyo TYO
Tokyo – Narita Int’l. Apt. NRT
Tokyo – Haneda Int’l. Apt. HND
Osaka OSA
Cambodia Phnom Penh PNH
North Korea Pyongyang FNJ
South Korea Seoul SEL
Laos Vientiane VTE
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur KUL
Mongolia Ulan Bator ULN
Nepal Kathmandu KTM
Pakistan Karachi KHI
Lahore LHE
Philippines Manila MNL
Cebu CEB
Davao DVO
Kalibo KLO
Puerto Princesa PPS
Tagbilran TAG
Singapore Singapore City SIN
Sri Lanka Colombo CMB
Taiwan Taipei TPE
Vietnam Hanoi HAN
Ho Chi Minh SGN
AUSTRALIA
Australia Canberra CBR
Brisbane BNE
Melbourne MEL
Perth PER
Sydney SYD
Guam Agana GUM
New Caledonia Noumea NOU
New Zealand Auckland AKL
Christchurch CHC
 AIRLINE CODES

The airline codes, however, is a two (2) letter code to specify the airline. It is also useful
in ticketing and in airline operations.

International Airlines

American Airlines - AA Hawaiian Airlines - HA

Portugalia - NI Swissair- SR
Air Canada - AC Iran Air - IR
Northwest Airlines - NW Singapore Airlines - SQ
Air France - AF IBERIA - IB
Air Macau - NX Saudi Arabian Airlines - SV
Air India - AI Istanbul Airlines - IL
Air New Zealand - NZ Thai International Airways - TG
Finnair - AY Air Greece - JG
Air Nauru - ON Turkish Airlines - TK
Alitalia - AZ Japan Airlines - JL
African Intercontinental - OY United Airlines - UA
British Airways - BA Brasil Central - JJ
Asiana Airlines - OZ Air UK - UK
Royal Brunei - BI Dragonair - KA
Air Fiji - PC Air Zimbabwe - UM
EVA Airways - BR Korean Air - KE
Pakistan International - PK Bahamasair - UP
China Airlines - CI KLM Royal Dutch - KL
Philippine Airlines - PR Vietnam Airlines - VN
Continental - CO Air Malta - KM
Air Nuigini - PX Air Tahiti - VT
Continental Micronesia - CS Kuwait Airways - KU
Quantas Airways - QF Nigeria Airways - WT
Cathay Pacific - CX LAN Chile - LA
Air Malawi - QM Oman Air - WY
Delta Airlines - DL Lufthansa - LH
Qatar Airways - Q7 EL Al Israel Airlines - LY
Emirates - EK Malaysia Airlines - MH
VARIG - RG MI - Silk Air
Garuda Indonesia - GA MK - Air Mauritius
Royal Jordanian - RJ MS - Egyptair
Gulf Air - GF PACO - Pacific Air
South African Airways -SA MX - Mexicana
Jetstar Airways – JQ
Tiger Airways – TR
Domestic

2P – Pal Express
5J - Cebu Pacific
Z2 - Zest Air
DG – Seair

THE TRAVEL MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Week 3 - 4

The Operations Department cycle is divided into 5 – (1) Counter-counseling (2) Reservations (3) Fare
Calculation (4) Ticketing (5) Documentation
The players of the Travel Operations Department are: the Manager, the Travel Supervisor and the
Documentation Supervisor, the Travel Counselors or Counter Staff, the Reservations & Ticketing Officers
and the Liaison Officer.

Counter – counseling – aims to conclude counter sales, which are transactions captured by the travel
counselors or counter staff. These transactions are the result of providing information and
recommending suitable and attractive products. Effective counter counseling leads to counter sales. It
includes suggesting itineraries and insuring proper travel documentation.

FLIGHT ITINERARY PLANNING

The process by which cities to be visited are arranged in the desired sequence to conform with the
passenger’s desired travel plans, starting from the point of origin or destinations to be visited in the
desired sequence.

1. Identify the city-pairs involved (origin – destination). Ex. Roundtrip journey has 2 city pairs
2. Select the suitable flights between the city-pairs on the basis of schedule (ETA/ETD) and
frequency (day of the week)

**Knowledge of world geo, airline flight geo and how to use a map is important. (Map directions N (12)
E (3) S (6) W (9). It is also important to determine the scale. Scale is the proportional difference
between the actual size of the area and the size of a map.

Rules in Itinerary Planning

1. Avoid crisscrossing
2. Avoid backtracking

3. The less carriers the better – more to do with competitive airfares than anything else.

**Simplest way – select a direct non-stop flight

**If there is no direct flight, select a hub or transfer airport. In choosing a hub, take into account the
safety of the passengers.

Basic Tools for Flight Itinerary Planning

1. OAG Flight Planner
 2. Individual flight schedules in the travel portals

3. Global city pair availability in the GDS

Types of Journey
1. One-way (OW)

2. Round Trip (RT)

3. Circle Trip (CT) – within a region

4. Round-the-World (RW) – travel within 3 continents

5. Open Jaw – one sector is not part of the ticket

24-Hour Time and Time Zones

The arrival/departure times of the airlines are always expressed in local time. These are given in the 24-
hour system (military time). Ex. 6:00 AM is 0600H

Every 15 degrees of longitudes represent 1 hour time difference. The starting reference longitude is the
Greenwich Prime Meridian (0 degree @ 1200H) This is also known as Zulu Time in the airline industry.
There are 12 time zones east and 12 time zones in west of GMT.

E.g. Manila GMT+8 When GMT is 1200H Local time in MNL is 2000H

USA – LAX GMT-8 When GMT is 1200H Local time in LAX is 0400H
 OAG FLIGHT PLANNER

The basis for all electronic and automated flight information gathering systems being used today by both consumers and travel management
companies is the Official Airline Guides (OAG). The information in an OAG Flight Planner is presented in an alphabetically, easy-to-use from/to
(city-pair) style. The FROM is each DEPARTURE city, while the TO each ARRIVAL city, showing which airline fly the route between.

1. DEPARTURE CITY – the English spelling of the city of departure, its airline code and time variation from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

2. AIRPORT (APT) – Airport names, code, distance and directions from city center “o” highlights airport at multi airports cities.

3. ARRIVAL CITY – Cities served from the point of departure by through or connecting flights. If the city of arrival has more than one airport, the
name and code of each is given.

4. FLIGHT INFORMATION – Flights are shown in order of departure time. Through-flights are listed before connecting flights. Some cities are
served by connecting flights only.

5. KEYS TO THROUGH-FLIGHT INFORMATION

6. VALIDITY – Flight information is valid between the dates shown. Through and connecting flights operating for shorter periods are indicated by
the first/last date of operation

7. DAYS OF OPERATION

8. DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL TIMES. Bold type is used for departure time from the city of origin and arrival time at the final

destination. Arrival and departure time at transfer connection airports are not shown. The following symbols are used where arrivals is on a day
different from that of departure.

* - following day S – fourth day ++ - third day ¶ - previous day

9. FLIGHT NUMBER – The 2-letter airline code is used, followed by flight number.

10. AIRCRAFT TYPE

11. CLASS – Class of service offered

12. STOPS – The number of intermediate stops on each flight.

13. TRANSFER CONNECTION INFORMATION

14. FLIGHT NUMBER – The flight operating from city of departure to first transfer airport.

15. TRANSFER CONNECTION AIRPORT

16. FLIGHT NUMBER – The flight operating from the transfer airport to the city of arrival or the next transfer airport.

Partial Codes of Aircraft Type

AB3 – Airbus Industries A300 310 – Airbus Industries A310 73S - Boeing 737 - 200

BEC – Beechcraft 320 – Airbus Industries A320i 00/200 733 - Boeing 737 - 300

BNI – PB Norman Islander 330 - Airbus Industries A330 747 - Boeing 747

B11- British Aerospace BAC – 111 72S – Boeing 727-200 744 - Boeing 747 - 400

CNA – Cessna 727 – Boeing 727 767 - Boeing 767

 Fare Class / Type Codes

First Class R Supersonic Business Class J Business Class Premium

P First Class Premium C Business Class

F First Class D/I/C Business Class Discounted

A First Class Discounted

Economy / Coach Class W – Economy / Coach Premium

S – Economy / Coach

Y – Economy / Coach Discounted

BOOKING CARD FOR TRAVEL

Week 5

The Booking Card is the working form of the Operations Department - Travel. It is a complete record of
all requirements of the passenger and provides a history of actions taken, confirmation, option dates
and other relevant information. One must write in block letters to properly fill out and accomplish this
form. Following the guidelines below:

1. DATE. Write the date the card is issued.

2. REFERENCE NUMBER. Write the assigned reference number / code for the transaction. Some do not write
anything in this box unless a deposit payment has been made.

3. NAME(s). Write the passenger’s family name, followed by a slash, then first name and title. Write age of children.

4. HOME ADDRESS, PHONE NUMBER, E-MAIL.

5. COMPANY NAME, ADDRESS AND CONTACT PERSON. For corporate travel

6. FLIGHT ITINERARY. This is the flight scheduled requested or best suited to the client’s itinerary.
 6.1. Date. Date of Travel – Write the day and month in 3 letters ex. 05JUL

6.2. From. Write the point of origin

6.3. To. Write the destination point. Last box is last destination point.

6.4. Flight Number. Alphanumeric airline code and flight number

6.5. Class. Booking class code requested

6.6. ETD. Estimated Time of Departure from the origin city

6.7. ETA. Estimated Time of Arrival at the destination city

6.8. Status. Write the status as per airline reservations / GDS

6.9. Option. Time and date of the cut-off time to issue the ticket

6.10. PNR. Passenger’s Number Record as per airline reservations staff / GDS monitor

6.11. Fare. Write the sector fare = return, circle, open jaw fare

**Types of Journey

1. OW – one-way 3. CT - Circle Trip

2. RT – roundtrip 4. OJ – open jaw, a sector is not part of a ticket

6.12. Total Airfare per Passenger. Total airfare x number of passengers

6.13. Number of Passengers

6.14. Total Amount Due for Airfares

7. HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS. A list of hotel requirements including number of rooms and applicable room rates.

7.1. City. City where the hotel is located.

7.2. Arr. Arrival/ check-in date.

7.3. Dep. Departure / check-out date.

7.4. Hotel Name.

7.5. Type. Type of room required (SGL, TWN, DBL)

7.6. Rate. Per night room rate.

7.7. Number. Indicate number of rooms required.

7.8. Nights. Indicate number of nights required.

7.9. Total. Room type rate x number of nights per city.

7.10. Total Hotel Accommodations

8. SIGHTSEEING TOURS.

8.1. City. City where the tour is requested.

8.2. Date. Date of the tour.

8.3. Sightseeing Tour Name. Tour title

8.4. Hours. # of hours (> 8H = full day)

8.5. AM-PM. Or EV for evening

8.6. PP Rate. Rate per passenger

8.7. No. of Pax.

8.8. Total. Total sightseeing cost per destination

8.9. Total Sightseeing Tours

9. PREPARED BY. Write your name (as Travel Counselor)

10. SUMMARY. Total the airfare, the hotel accommodations and the sightseeing tours to determine the value
of the transaction.

BOOKING CARD FOR TRAVEL

Date (1) 07 AUG Reference Number: N/A BONUS

Passenger/s Name/s (3) Home Address (4) #3060 INTERIOR 12
CORDELLERA ST NEWYORK, CUBAO QC
1.AQUINO/BERNADETTE KRIS/MS Contact#: BONUS
2.YAPJR/JAMES BIMBY MSTR (CHD) Email Address: BKRISAQUINO@GMAIL.COM

Company Name (5) ABS- CBN CORP. Phone # 921-3566

Company Address: #02 MO. IGNACIA ST DILIMAN QC Fax #581-3217
Company Contact Person DARLA ALVAREZ Email: BKRISAQUINO@GMAIL.COM/ BONUS
Flight Itinerary Details (6)
Date From To Flight # Class ETD ETA Status Option Fare
05SEP MNL SIN PR3041 J 1300H 1430 CONFIRMED N/A BONUS RT

07SEP SIN MNL PR3150 J 1100H 1230 CONFIRMED N/ABONUS RT

Record Locator: ENW001/ BONUS

Airfare: 210$ X 2 = 420USD X 43.00PHP= PHP18,060.
Phil. Travel Tax: P1,260. X 2 = P3,240.00
TOTAL AIRFARE: PHP 21,300.00
Hotel Accommodation
City Arr Dep Hotel Name Type Rate Number Nights
SINGAPORE, 05SEP 07SEP RAFFLES HOTEL, SINGAPORE DBL 105 USD 1 2

SINGAPORE/
SIN

TOTAL HOTEL ACCOMODATION:PHP 4,515.00 X 2 NIGHTS

TOTAL TRANSACTION VALUE: PHP 9,030.00

Sightseeing Tours
City Date Sightseeing Tour Name Hours Time PP Rate #of Pax Total
SIN 06 SEP LEGO LAND 3H PM 55USD 2 110 USD

SIN 06 SEP TWIN TOWER 2H PM 10USD 2 20 USD

TOTAL AIR FARE: PHP21,300.00

TOTAL HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS: PHP9,030.00
TOTAL SIGHTSEEING TOURS: PHP 5,590.00
TOTAL TRASACTION VALUE: PHP 35,920.00

PREPARED BY: _____NAME OF STUDENT_______________

DATE: ___________07 AUG_________________

RESERVATIONS

Week 6-7

RESERVATIONS – advanced requests for available space and services at sometime in the
future.

CONFIRMATION - a written advice by a supplier that a reservation has been accepted and
will be honored, thus the term “confirmed reservations.”

3 METHODS:

1. Manual Reservations – direct contact with the supplier’s staff by mobile or regular phone.

2. Electronic Reservations – through the supplier’s e-mail address or interactive website that
accepts reservations and provides confirmations.

3. Automated Reservations – through a global distribution system wherein the supplier is a

member that provides availability and accepts reservations.

FLIGHT RESERVATIONS
Manual Reservations – are the traditional way of placing reservation before the advent of e-
commerce and internet. This method involves direct contact with the supplier’s staff by
mobile or regular phone.

When making reservations with a scheduled airline carrier or an airline, provide the following
information:

1. Sector / Leg Required – Sectors being traveled, that is point of origin to point of
destination.

2. Date of Travel

3. Flight Number / Class

4. Passenger (s) Name, Number of Pax, Adult, Children with age, seats being reserved

After providing the above information, the airline will give you the
TRANSACTION/RESERVATION STATUS (confirmed, waitlisted, unable); the PNR (PASSENGER
NAME RECORD); which is a code of reference for the transaction, and the TICKETING OPTION
, which is the date and time when the ticket(s) has to be purchased/issued in order not to
lose the reservation.

Electronic Reservations – were introduced by the use of email correspondence and involve
writing to the email address of the supplier and receiving a reply form a department or
individual. Another way is through an interactive website where no human contact is
involved. Fields or boxes in the screen are filled out with the necessary details and the site
either accepts or rejects the request. Confirmations are provided for confirmed reservations.

Automated Reservations – are made through a global distribution system wherein the
supplier is a member. Unlike electronic reservations where fields or boxes in the screen are
filled out with the necessary details, this method provides the availability of a service first,
allowing the client to make a choice. After the selection is made and inputted, the system
provides confirmations.

AMADEUS AUTOMATED RESERVATIONS SYSTEM

Amadeus Air provides airline schedules for more than 780 airlines and availability information
for flights that have seats available for sale on more than 460 airlines. The Amadeus system
stores over 500,000 city pairs and 3.9 million routings worldwide, offering a wide range of
direct flights and over 6 million connecting flight options.

Availability Display

The Amadeus availability shows all the flights with at least one seat available for sale or
waitlist for all airlines, which have sales agreement with Amadeus.
Flight Type:

1. Non-stop – a flight that operates between 2 cities and does not make any stops.

2. Direct – an online flight that operates between 2 cities and make a stop in 1 or more
cities en route.

3. Connecting – a flight that operates between 2 cities and makes a change online or
interline in one or more cities en route.

4. Change of Equipment / Gauge – an online flight that operates between 2 cities with a
change of aircraft at any international city.

AMADEUS SYSTEM ENTRIES / TRANSACTION COMMANDS:

1. City Pair Availability – AN20DECHKGSIN where AN is the transaction code for neutral
availability.

AN10DECMNLHKG/ACX/CQ*20DECHKGSIN/ASQ/CH
**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** HKG HONG KONG.HK 103 SA 10DEC 0000
**HOTEL NIKKO HONGKONG OFFERS SUPERB PROMOTIONAL RATES**
FROM 988 HKD’ VALID UNTIL 31 DEC 03 SEE> HANKHKG0001/SR-PRO
1 CX 904 Y /MNL 1 HKG 0700 0855 E0/330 1:55
2 CX 900 Y /MNL 1 HKG 1155 1405 E0/343 2:10
3 CX 918 Y /MNL 1 HKG 1735 1935 E0/330 2:00
4 CX 902 Y /MNL 1 HKG 2010 2210 E0/330 2:00

**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** SIN SINGAPORE.SG 106 TU 20DEC 0000

BEGIN WITH THE BEST BIZ AT RITZ CARLTON MILLENIA TU 151USD
WORLD’S FAVORITE HOTEL BY EUROMONEY *TO BOOK>HARSINSIN
11 SQ 001 Y /HKG SIN 2 0800 1135 E0.744 3:35
12 SQ 859 Y /HKG SIN 2 1330 1705 E0.773 3:35
13 SQ 865 Y /HKG SIN 2 1830 2205 E0.772 3:35

2. Dual City-Pair Availability – AN23SEPMNLHKG*26SEPHKGSIN

 AN23SEPMNLHKG/ACX/CQ*26SEPHKGSIN/ASQ/CH
**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** HKG HONG KONG.HK 103 TU 23SEP 0000
**HOTEL NIKKO HONGKONG OFFERS SUPERB PROMOTIONAL RATES**
FROM 988 HKD’ VALID UNTIL 31 DEC 03 SEE> HANKHKG0001/SR-PRO
1 CX 904 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 0700 0855 E0/330 1:55
2 CX 900 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 1155 1405 E0/343 2:10
3 CX 918 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 1735 1935 E0/330 2:00
4 CX 902 Q9 /MNL 1 HKG 2010 2210 E0/330 2:00

**AMADEUS AVAILABILITY – AN ** SIN SINGAPORE.SG 106 FR 26SEP 0000

BEGIN WITH THE BEST BIZ AT RITZ CARLTON MILLENIA TU 151USD
WORLD’S FAVORITE HOTEL BY EUROMONEY *TO BOOK>HARSINSIN
11 SQ 001 H9 /HKG SIN 2 0800 1135 E0.744 3:35
12 SQ 859 H9 /HKG SIN 2 1330 1705 E0.773 3:35
13 SQ 865 H9 /HKG SIN 2 1830 2205 E0.772 3:35

3. Schedule Display – a schedule display contains flights for all airlines that submit
schedule data to Amadeus irrespective of the availability status of their flights.

SN11JYNMNLBKK where SN is the transaction command for neutral schedule

Entry To display a schedule for

AN11JUNSFOLGA/AUA A specific carrier
SN08FEBGUMHNL/CB A specific booking class
SN21APRPARTPE/XHKG A specific connecting point
SN19OCTCDGLHR0900 Flights departing one hour before the time
specified
SN15SEPMNLCEB/AYY Airlines does not have an availability and
sales agreement with Amadeus

4. Timetable Display – timetable display contains flights of all airlines between a specific
city pair for one-week period. This display shows you the frequency of flights between
2 airports and indicates which airlines operate on a particular day of the week. The
display contains flights of airlines that participate in Amadeus.

TN12AUGMNLSIN where TN is the transaction command for neutral timetable

5. Flight Information – provides users with information on the operation of a specific flight
and date as provided by the respective airlines.
 There are 2 ways of checking the flight information:

A. Using a follow-up entry from an availability display

DO1 where DO is the transaction code for flight information; 1 flight line
number from an availability display.

B. By displaying the flight number and date

DOCX751/10AUG/HKGBOM

6. Airline Access Levels – offers airlines several types of availability and schedule displays
and for booking seats.

Access Level Indicator Table

Indicator Access Type
/ Full Amadeus Access
. Amadeus Access Sell
* Amadeus Direct Access
(Blank) Standard Access

A. Full Amadeus Access

This Access offers the highest level of connectivity with actual seat availability and
immediate confirmation. This allows an airline to keep its availability displays in Amadeus
synchronized with those of its own system. Schedule changes are immediate.

B. Amadeus Access Sell

This access offers a fully secure sale for each seat. When a request for a seat is made,
Amadeus checks the flight in the airlines own inventory system.

C. Amadeus Direct Access

Offers a real-time link to the airlines own inventory system to display an accurate
availability at the time the request is made. The link is created through the use of any of
the direct access entries to be able to enter the Direct Access Mode.

Entering the Direct Access mode from the neutral availability display:

ACL 4 where AC is the Availability change command; L4 is the line identifier and line
number from the avail display.

Entering the Direct Access mode without the availability display:

 15JAD20SEPMNLHKG where 1 is the Direct Access Transaction code; 5J is the Airline Code;
AD is the Availability command; and 20SEP is the Details of the flight.

D. Standard Access
Standard access offers flight availability and schedules that are updated once a week
by tape and are updated by standard AIRIMP messages. When a seat is booked, a
teletype message is generated to the airline at end transaction. Upon end transaction,
am HK status may still be rejected by the airline within 12 hours. Beyond this, if seats
remain unchanged, they are assumed to be confirmed.

7. Amadeus Passenger Name Record (PNR) Mandatory Elements – A Passenger Name

Record (PNR) contains the details of a passenger’s reservation and other information
related to a passenger’s trip. PNRs can also contain information to assist airline
personnel with passenger handling. The items of information that make up PNR are
called elements. A PNR can contain a maximum of 999 elements. These PNR elements
can either be mandatory or optional.

The mandatory elements are:

Letter Definition Transaction Command
S Segment SS
M Name NM
A Contact AP
R Received From RF
T Ticketing TK

Unique Features of the Amadeus PNR:

1. All elements are numbered consecutively, making modifications easier.
2. All names are displayed individually, even though two passengers may have the
same family name.
3. All names are displayed in alphabetical order by family name, regardless of the
way they were entered during PNR creation.

8. Segment Element – can be a flight, hotel car, or cruise element. A PNR can contain 1
up to 99 segments. In a PNR, the segment follows the name, and is numbered
consecutively.

You can enter a flight segment using:

• A short sell entry from an availability display
• A long sell entry that includes all the flight details
A. Short Sell Entry
When you have an availability display on your screen, you can make a short sell
segment entry from the display.

To sell one Y class seat for CX flight 912, enter:

SS1Y4 where SS is the Segment sell transaction code; 1 the number of seats; Y is
the Class of service; and 4 the Availability line number.

B. Long Sell Entry – When you know all the details for a specific flight, you can book a
seat using a long sell entry. A long sell entry does not refer to an availability display.

To make a long sell, enter:

SSLH745C28DECMNLFRA1 where SS is the Segment sell transaction code; the
LH745 the Airline code and flight number; C is the Class of service; 28DEC the
Departure date, DDMMM; MNLFRA is the Origin and Destination airport codes;
and 1 is the number of seats required.

To help differentiate between the levels of participation used when making a

segment sell, Amadeus displays anyone of the following status codes upon
selling:
Status Explanation
DK Sold and confirmed via Amadeus Full Access / and Access Sell
LK Sold and confirmed from Direct Access mode
SS Sold from Standard Access 12 hours waiting time
NN Sold but status on request
DW / LL Sold but status on waitlist

C. Waitlist Segment – When a class of service in the availability display shows a status
0 or L, you may waitlist a passenger on a flight.

Entry: SS2F3/PE where SS2F3 is the short sell entry and /PE is the Slash, followed by
the priority waitlist code (airline specific).

D. Arrival Unknown Segment – is an information segment you enter in the PNR to

maintain segment continuity. ARNK (arrival not known) is used when a passenger
uses another form of transportation between cities or airports within the itinerary.

Entry: SIARNK where SI is the transaction code and ARNK is the arrival unknown
indicator.
 E. Open Flight Segments – When the passenger does not know the exact time or
date of travel, you can enter an open segment in the itinerary. Open segments
maintain segment continuity, and can be used for pricing and ticketing. To create
an open segment, enter:

SOAFC8AUGCDGMNL where SO is the segment open transaction code; AF the

airline code; C is the class of service code; 8AUG the fictitious date, DDMMM; and
CDGMNL is the origin and destination airport/city code.

F. Ghost Segments – You use ghost segments to be able to produce a quotation for
an itinerary without actually booking any segments.
• Ghost segments may be used with all airlines, including system user airlines.
• Information is never sent to the relevant airline.
• Ghost segments cannot be used for ticketing.

When entering a ghost segment, you must include the PNR record locator, when
booked in another system.

SS1Y1/GK/KLC897 or SSAA1197Y28JANMIAIAHGK1/KLC897 wherein SS is the

transaction code; AA1197 the flight number; Y is the class of service; 28JAN the date
of travel; MIAIAH is the origin and destination airport/city code GK status (GK
confirmed ghost segment / GL waitlist ghost segment / GN need ghost segment); 1
the number of seat; and /KLC897 is the record locator outside of Amadeus.

9. Name Element – A passenger name consists of the family name, given name, and
title. You can enter up to 9 names in PNR. A name can contain up to 60 characters.

The acceptable titles are:

Title Explanation Additional Info
MR or MS 12 years or older
MSTR or MIST 2 up to 11 years CHD
INF 1 month to 23 months old INF

A. Single Family Name Element

NM1PEREZ/TIMOTHY MR where NM is the name element transaction code; 1 the

number of passenger with the same family name, occupying seats; and
PEREZ/TIMOTHY MR is the passenger family name, given name separated by a
slash, and title.
 Here are some of the examples of different possible name element entries:
Entry Requests
NM2REYES /HANS MR/HEIDI MS More than one passenger with the same
family name
NM1BRADLEY/MICHAEL MSTR(CHD) Child name
NM1TAN/SUSAN MS(INF/LISAMARIE) Infant associated with an adult with the
same family name
*No spaces inside the parentheses
NM1LIM/JANET MS(INFVALDEZ/IRENE) Infant associated to an adult with a
different family name
NM1LIM/JANET/ROWENA Adult name with passenger ID code
MS(IDPTA356)
NM1GOMEZ/ARTHUR MSTR(CHD) Child name with passenger ID code
(IDRTT124)

The system automatically:

• Numbers that name element.
• Places the name in alphabetical order by family name, regardless of how
you entered them.
• Creates an OSI element when entering a child or infant name. The OSI
element appears in the PNR for the child, but not for the infant. In both
cases, the OSI is transmitted to the appropriate airlines.

10. Contact Element – is used to store contact information of a travel agency and their
passengers in the PNR. With the exception of a transaction code, the contact
element is free-flow text. A PNR can contain up to 127 contact elements, each with a
maximum of 90 characters.

APMNL ABCDTRAVEL 8406589JOHN-A where AP is the contact transaction code; MNL

the city code; ABC TRAVEL is the Agency name; 8406589 the telephone number;
JOHN is the Agent name; and –A the dash, followed by the location indicator
(A:Agency, B:Business, H:Home, F:Fax, Hotel:Hotel, E:Email, M:Mobile)
Sample Entries:
Entry Description
AP MNL 8187867-H/P1 Home contact
 AP MNL FAIRWAYS INC 9954678-B/P1 Business contact with passenger
association
APE-TSMITH@SUNLIFE.COM Email address of the passenger

11. Received From Element – identifies the person making or modifying a reservation. You
can enter a maximum of 69 characters. During PNR creation the received from
element is displayed as the second line in the PNR. After you end transaction, the
received from element is moved to the PNR history.

RFMARY where RF is the received from transaction code and MARY is the reference
person.

12. Ticketing Element – indicates the type of ticketing arrangement made to provide
tickets to a passenger.

TKTL19MAY where TK is the ticketing element transaction code; TL the ticketing

arrangement indicator; and 19MAY is the Date, DDMMM.

Ticketing arrangement indicators:

Option Indicator Indicates Queue placement
Time Limit TL Deadline to purchase Queue 8, category
ticket 1
Ticketed OK Ticket is issued No queue
placement

13. End Transaction – When you have entered the five mandatory elements, SMART, you
must end transaction to file the record in the system. Below is a PNR during creation:

RP/MNL1A0980
RFMARIE
1. SANTIAGO/JUAN MR
2 CX 904 Y 29MAR 1 MNLHKG HK1 1 0700 0855 330 E 0 B
SEE RTSVC
3 AP MNL ABC TRAVEL 8749876 MARIE-A
4 AP MNL 6785643-B
5 TK TL19MAR/MNL1A0980
 System Response:
RP/MNL1A0980
RFMARIE
1.SANTIAGO/JUAN MR
2 CX 904 Y 29MAR 1 MNLHKG HK1 1 0700 0855 330 E 0 B
SEE RTSVC
3 AP MNL ABC TRAVEL 8749876 MARIE-A
4 AP MNL 6785643-B
5 TK TL19MAR/MNL1A0980
>ET
END OF TRANSACTION COMPLETE – YQDE4R

The system response is END OF TRANSACTION COMPLETE, followed by a unique 6-

character Amadeus record locator. You use the record locator to retrieve the PNR
after it has been filed in the system.

14. PNR Retrieval – You can retrieve a PNR using the record locator or details of a flight for
a current date or future date. To retrieve a PNR by a record locator, enter:

RTYQEPYT wherein RT is the retrieval transaction code and YQEPYT is the record
 FORMS IN RESERVATIONS

WEEK 8

BOOKING ORDER – is the working paper of the reservations sections of travel agencies and
tour operators. A document issued by them requesting services for the traveler named in the
document from the supplier. It goes hand-in-hand with the Tour Voucher.

The Booking Order is sent direct to the supplier of services, while the Tour Voucher is
handcarried by the traveler and surrendered to the supplier in exchange of services.

BOOKING ORDER
Reference No. 00001 Date: AUG20
Supplier’s Name: SOFITEL PHILIPPINE PLAZA Phone Number: 922-0001

Supplier’s Address: ROXAS, BOULEVARD Fax Number:

Supplier’s Contact Person: MS YHANA FERRERAS

Email:YFERRERAS@SOFITEL.COM
Passenger/s Name/s: Party of: Please reserve the following rooms for _2____
MENDEZ, FRANCES/MS JOI TRAVEL & night/s
TOURS ___SWB ___TWB/xbed
__/_TWB ___ Quad
___DBL

Arrival Date: AUG21 Arrival By: PR003 ETA: 1200

Departure Date: AUG23 Departure By: AA005 ETD:1200

Please provide the following meals on the
following dates:
ABF - __________ LNC - ______AUG21____
CBF - __________ DNR - _______AUG22___
Applicable Contract Rates: 200$
Form of Payment: VISA CARD
Remarks:FULLY PAID
Please also provide the following:
WINE, AS WELCOME DRINKS.
FRAPPE, CHEESE BURGER, 2PC CHKN
JOY.
Tour Voucher Number:143000-1
Prepared by: REGINE BRAVO-AGENT JOIT&T
TOUR VOUCHER- A document issued by the travel counselor of a travel agency or the
reservations staff of a tour operator specifying services to be provided to the bearer. This is
surrendered to the supplier in exchange for the services stipulated in the Tour voucher.

TOUR VOUCHER
Reference No. Order/Voucher No. Date:
Passenger/s Name/s: Party of JOI TT
MENDEZ/FRANCES/MS
Adult/s: ____1______
Children: __________
Supplier’s Name: JOI TRAVEL & TOURS Phone Number:298-3343
Fax Number:
Supplier’s Address: Email:
333 SUMULONG HI WAY, ANTIPOLO

Please provide captioned client/s with the following services:

SPA
LAUNDRY
IRON CLOTHES

Per Reservations Request of: As confirmed by:

WELCOME DRINKS AGENT REGINE BRAVO
AWAY FROM SMOKING AREA
NEARBY BAY VIEW

Remarks: OK Prepared by: Approved by:

REGINE BRAVO- AGENT MARKFERNANDEZ -
OPERATIONS MANAGER
Purchase Order - A document issued by a travel agency requesting an IATA accredited
travel agency or an airline / transportation company to issue corresponding tickets in favor
of the passenger/s named in the document.

Reference No.1234 Date:20AUG Order No.0001

FOR: JOI TT

PASSENGER/S NAME/S: Party of:

MENDEZ FRANCES/MS JOI TT

FLIGHT SCHEDULE:
ETA
ETD

PNR: AGENT REGINE007 OPTION: OK

Remarks: NEARBY WINDOW SEAT

VALUE BREAKDOWN:
A. Airfare in US Dollars: ___100________ x __1________ person/s = 100USD
B. Total in PHP: ________4,000_________ x _____1_____ person/s = 4,000.
C. Philippine Travel Tax: PHP 1620 x ___1_______ person/s =
D. Other charges (if any) TERMINAL FEE: 550PHP
TOTAL AMOUNT DUE IN PHP: 6,170.00
Prepared by: RB Approved By: MARK FERNANDEZ
 FARE CALCULATION, AIRLINE TICKETING & DOCUMENTATION

WEEK 9

Fare Calculation – the amount to be charged for an air journey. A fare is the amount
charged by a carrier of a passenger and his allowable free baggage, and is the current fare
which a carrier in the publication it normally uses to publish fares holds out to the public as
being applicable to the class of service to be furnished.

Ways to calculate fares in PH:

1. Rate Sheets provided by the respective airlines

2. Passenger Air Tariff – a 2-book set which gives the applicable air fares on the various
sectors

3. GDS FQD (Fare Quotation Display)

4. Airline’s Rate Desk

Information in the Passenger Air Tariff

1. Headline/Sideline Cities

2. Fare

3. Fare type: Y, F, J

4. Carrier code

5. MPM – Maximum Permitted Mileage

6. Global Indicator – global routing direction applicable to the fare

 AP – via Atlantic and Pacific

 AT – across Atlantic

 CT – circle trip fare

 DO – domestic

 EH – Eastern Hemisphere

 EM – via Europe-Middle East

  EU – via Europe

 FE – Far East

 ME – Middle East

 PA – via Pacific

 PO – Polar Route

 RW – round the world

 SP – via South Pole

 WH – Western Hemisphere

7. Rule

8. NUC – Neutral Units of Construction equivalent to the Local Currency Fare

9. Local Currency

10. Route Reference

Amadeus Fare Quote Display

1. International Fare Display – to request a fare display between 2 cities: FQDMNLHKG

2. Pricing

 Prices an itinerary and stores the response – FXP

 Prices an itinerary without storing the response – FXX

Airline Ticketing – only after the reservations have been processed and confirmed and the
applicable airfares calculated, can the Ticketing Officer issue an air ticket. The issuance of
air ticket is the final step in processing a passenger’s air travel requirements. It represents a
contract between a passenger and a carrier and represents a passenger’s payment to the
travel agent.

1. Paper Ticket – totally phased out in December 1, 2007

2. Electronic Air Ticket – transacted trough ticketing models provided b the CRS, a provider
that record and control most air travel transactions.
Amadeus Electronic Ticketing

Allows the sale of air transportation without issuing printed paper tickets; it also allows
passengers to check in and board flights without holding printed tickets.

 To issue a ticket – TTP/PT – for paper ticket and TTP/ET for electronic ticket

 The system’s response upon issuing paper ticket: OK PROCESSED and upon issuing
electronic ticket OK ETICKET

Advantages Disadvantages
For customers: stress free ticketing; no last Possibility of technology crash
minute queues
For airlines: saving of money for ticket printing Less portable than paper ticket
and processing
For travel agent: will allow them to explore Security issues in self check-in kiosks
greater opportunities to manage corporate
travel experience

Documentation - refers to the process of legally securing the necessary travel papers for
prospective passengers. These are documents required for: leaving the country of origin,
transit countries, entry to and exit from the destination country, reenter to the country of
origin.

Citizen or National – a person who possesses the nationality of a country

Alien – a person living in a country where he or she is not a citizen

Immigrant – a person who legally enters a country with the purpose of establishing
permanent residence

Tourist – a person who temporarily visits a country for at least 24 hours

Transit Passengers – a person passing through a country without leaving the international
transit area

Travel Documents:

A. Essential documents from NSO

B. Passport

C. Visa

D. BI clearances

Responsibilities:

1. Checks the authenticity of all public documents submitted

2. Insures that the documents filed are released on time

3. Determines what visas and other documents are required for travel.

4. Checks all relevant support papers for travel documents application

5. Arranges and coordinates appointments and visits to various consulates and government
offices

Types of Passport

1. Regular Passports (Maroon) - A regular passport is issued to any citizen of the

Philippines applying for a Philippine passport. It is the most common type of passport
issued and is used for all travel by Philippine citizens and non-official travel by
Philippine government officials. Since September 17, 2007, all new Philippine passports
have been issued with maroon covers.
2. Diplomatic (Blue) - A diplomatic passport is issued to members of the Philippine
diplomatic service, members of the Cabinet, service attachés of other government
agencies assigned to Philippine diplomatic posts abroad and Philippine delegates to
international and regional organizations. It is the first of two passports issued to the
President of the Philippines and the Presidential family. This passport has a dark blue
cover and extends to the bearer the privilege of diplomatic immunity.
 3. Official (Red) - An official passport is issued to members of the Philippine government
for use on official business, as well as employees of Philippine diplomatic posts abroad
who are not members of the diplomatic service. It is the second of two passports
issued to the President and the Presidential family. As such, this passport does not
extend the privilege of diplomatic immunity. Government officials are prohibited from
using official passports for non-official business, and as such also have regular
passports.

4. Seafarer's Identification and Record Book (Light Blue) - The Seafarer's Identification
and Record Book (SIRB) is issued to Filipinos who work as crewmembers on foreign-
registered ships, as well as Philippine-registered ships with a weight over 35 gross tons.
As this is issued by the MARINA and not the DFA, this type is unavailable outside the
Philippines. There are special requirements for this type of passport, including
certification by the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and other agencies.

Visa Types

By Purpose

• Transit visa, for passing through the country to a destination outside that country.
Validity of transit visas are usually limited by short terms such as several hours to 10
days depending on the size of the country and/or the circumstances of a particular
transit itinerary.
o Airside transit visa, required by some countries for passing through their airports
even without going through passport control.

• Short-stay visa, for short visits to the host country. Many countries differentiate
between different reasons for these visits, such as:

o Private visa, for private visits by invitation of residents of the country.

o Tourist visa, for a limited period of leisure travel, no business activities allowed.

o Visa for medical reasons, for undertaking diagnostics or a course of treatment

in the host country's hospitals.

o Business visa, for engaging in commerce in the country. These visas generally
preclude permanent employment, for which a work visa would be required.

o Working holiday visa, for individuals traveling between nations offering a

working holiday program, allowing young people to undertake temporary work
while traveling.

• Long-stay visa, valid for longer but still finite stays:

o Student visa, which allows its holder to study at an institution of higher learning
in the issuing country.
 o Temporary worker visa, for approved employment in the host country. These
are generally more difficult to obtain but valid for longer periods of time than a
business visa. Examples of these are the United States' H-1B and L-1 visas.
Depending on a particular country, the status of temporary worker may or may
not evolve into the status of permanent resident or to naturalization.

o Journalist visa, which some countries require of people in that occupation

when traveling for their respective news organizations. Countries which insist on
this include Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, the United States (I-visa) and
Zimbabwe.

o Residence visa, granted to people obtaining long-term residence in the host

country. In some countries, long-term residence is a necessary step to obtain
the status of a permanent resident.

• Immigrant visa, granted for those intending to immigrate to the issuing country (obtain
the status of a permanent resident with a prospect of possible naturalization in the
future):

o Spousal visa or partner visa

o Marriage visa

o Pensioner visa (also known as retiree visa or retirement visa

• Official visa is granted to officials doing job for their governments or otherwise
representing their countries in the host country, such as the personnel of diplomatic
missions.

o Diplomatic visa

o Courtesy visa issued to representatives of foreign governments or international

organizations who do not qualify for diplomatic status

By method of issuance:

• On-arrival visa (also known as Visa On Arrival, VOA), granted at a port of entry.
• Electronic visa. The visa is stored in a computer and is electronically tied to the
passport number

• Schengen Visa covers most of the European Union, plus several other adjacent
countries. The visa allows a tourist or visitor access to the area covered by the
agreement (known as the “Schengen Area” or “Schengenland”, currently consisting
of 26 countries).

• Central American Single Visa (Visa Única Centro Americana) was implemented by
the CA-4 agreement between Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. It is
required for citizens of all other countries, eliminating the need for separate entry visas
for each of the countries.
 • ASEAN Visa

Some popular countries where Filipinos can enter temporarily without a visa:

ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)

• Brunei Darussalam - 14 days

• Cambodia - 21 days

• Indonesia - 30 days

• Laos - 30 days

• Malaysia - 30 days (sufficient fund must be at least 500USD)

• Singapore - 30 days

• Thailand - 30 days

• Vietnam - 21 days

Non- ASEAN

• Taiwan - 30 days if holding a valid visa for Australia, Canada, Japan, New Zealand,
Schengen countries, United Kingdom or United States.
• Georgia – 90 days visa issued upon arrival, 360 days visa free to those who have
temporary residence of Qatar, Oman, Bahrain and Kuwait

• Hong Kong - 14 days

• India - 30 days visa issued upon arrival

• Israel - 90 days (3 months)

• South Korea (if arriving at Jeju Island only) - 30 days

• Macau - 30 days
 • Maldives - 30 days visa issued upon arrival, extension of maximum 90 days is possible
by paying MVR 750

• Mongolia - 21 days

• Nepal - 15/30/90 days visa issued upon arrival for around US$25/40/100

• Sri Lanka - 30 days visa obtain upon arrival if holding Electronic Travel Authorization
(ETA).

EUROPE

• Kosovo - 90 days

OCENIA

• Cook Islands - 31 days

• Fiji - 120 days Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival and can be extended

• Micronesia - 30 days

• Palau - 30 days visa issued upon arrival, additional USD 50 for extension

NORTH AMERICA

• Costa Rica - 30 days Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival

• Dominica - 21 days

• Haiti - 90 days

• Nicaragua - 90 days visa issued upon arrival

• Saint Lucia – 6 weeks Visitor's Permit issued upon arrival

SOUTH AMERICA

• Bolivia - 90 days

• Brazil - 90 days

• Colombia - 90 days

• Ecuador - 90 days

• Peru - 183 days

• Suriname - 90 days

AFRICA

• Kenya - 90 days visa issued upon arrival for US$50

• Madagascar - 90 days visa issued upon arrival for MGA140,000

• Morocco - 90 days

• Seychelles – 1 month Visitor’s Permit issued upon arrival if holding return ticket,
sufficient funds (minimum USD150 per day of stay, and proof of accommodation)