Sources of

Depression
Submitted by:
(X-BOYLE)
Amor, Victor II Angeles, Akimi
Collado, Andrea Matuba, Aeon faith
Ventura, Julia Constantino, Pauline
Savellano, Cynthia

Submitted to: Mr. Nestor Traballo

Chapter 1: Introduction
This chapter includes the introduction, statement of the problem, hypothesis
Purpose and significance of the study.

Background:
Everyone experiences sadness and unhappiness at some point in their lives but
it can be a longer duration that can recognized as depression. Depression is a
quite widespread disease of nowadays. Scientific sources and mass media already
have some success conveying to society the thought that depression is something
more than a negative mood that can be changed by itself. It is the disease, and
like any other disease, it requires treatment. Even though depression can be
successfully cured, it is always a better way to prevent the disease. As society
progress changes in family norms, schools, friends and now even social media has
greatly influenced human behavior in society. Pressure from family and friends
has caused depression in young people of today mainly because they feel left out
and incapable of keeping up with social norms.
The real danger of depression is when a depressed person reaches the apex of
their emotions and act irrationally against himself and others. Extreme depression
has resulted to suicides and other unsavory acts against people.
According to http://www.oprah.com/health/new-research-and-methods-on-
treating-depression/all, experts contended that depression could be cured
through proper psychological treatment preferably when detected in its early
stages. But then psychological testing’s is not like an annual physical checkup
done periodically and prejudice. He/She should be able to recover his/herself
worth and be more self-confident.
It is the contention of this research that depression should be detected early
and cured before it goes extreme.
Statement of the problem:
The study focused on the of effects in every student who have depression
diseases. https://ibcces.org/blog/2019/05/01/impact-anxiety-depression-student-
progress/. It aims to answer the following questions:
1) What are the causes of depression?
2) What are the attitude of a person with depression?
3) Is there significant relationship between gender and depression?
4) What can be a good recommendation to cure depression?

Purpose and significance of the study:

The study focused on explaining the effects of depression in students. The
result will be advantageous to the following:
Respondents. The respondents will have an awareness on the effects that
might cause of depression.
The result of the study will be provide a new interpretation or discovery to
detect who is at risk on developing depression and who is not going to develop
depression so we can prevent these problems before they occur. In addition, the
result of the study is to help every student whose battling with depression to
provide encouragement to think of good ideas on handling proper emotions thus
proper treatment and medication. It also provide an accessible thought to
acknowledge people to open their mind on understanding that depression isn’t
just a drama but a serious diseases affects someone thought and action.
Chapter 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter contains the significance studies that may use in the study. This will
also discuss about percentage and rankings of the number of students of grade 10
Galileo who had depression. The researcher will also find like the similarities
about this topic for the literature so we can have a guide and be a little easy for us
to do the other chapters. Depression is the common cold of mental disorders —
most people will be affected by depression in their lives either directly or
indirectly, through a friend or family member.
Common symptoms of depression include a persistent sad, anxious, or “empty”
mood, and feelings of hopelessness or pessimism that lasts nearly every day, for
weeks on end. A person who is depressed also often has feelings of guilt,
worthlessness, and helplessness. (John M. Grohol, Psy. D.) Most of students have
depression which is a psychological virus that can poison our minds and leads us
to a suicidal thought. Many people who are suffering from depression are having
a hard time dealing with it. They're having a too much/lack of sleep, having a
trouble of making decisions of what is wrong and right. Depression is a mental
illness but it can cause also a physical symptoms like stomach upset, fatigue and
weight changes Astodello, R. (2016). Students in secondary and tertiary
education settings face a wide range of ongoing stressors related to academic
demands. Previous research indicates that academic-related stress can reduce
academic achievement, decrease motivation and increase the risk of school
dropout. The longer-term impacts, which include reduced likelihood of
sustainable employment, cost Governments billions of dollars each year. This
narrative review presents the most recent research concerning the impact of
academic-related stress, including discussion of the impact on students’ learning
capacity and academic performance, mental health problems, such as depression
and anxiety, sleep disturbances and substance use. (Sarah E. Hetrick & Alexandra
G. Parker, 11 Apr 2019).
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
For the purpose of this research,

Antidepressants- According to Smitha Bhandari (2019), antidepressants are the

drugs used to treat depression and it is not addictive. They do not make you high.
This idea supports that Antidepressants are drugs that can treat other people and
it is not addictive if you used it also, by using Antidepressants can't make you
high.

Bipolar Disorder- As reported by Joseph Goldberg (2014), Bipolar disorder can

cause people to have severe high and low moods. People with this illness
Recurrently have episodes in which they feel Uncharacteristically euphoric or
irritable. It accompanied by high energy and at other times periods of depression
in which they feel sad and hopeless. This idea supports that the Bipolar Disorder
can change the moods of the people and has an episode on it like feel sad and
hopeless but had a high energy. In line with Smitha Bhandari (2018).

Suicide- As explained by Joseph Goldberg (2019), the act of killing ourselves is

most often as a result of depression or other mental illness. This idea supports
that suicide is the result of depression and get to point in killing ourselves.,.

Psychosis - As stated by Smitha Bhandari (2020), a condition that affects the way
your brain processes information. It causes you to lose touch with reality. You
might see, hear, or believe things that aren’t real. This idea supports that
Psychosis can also cause a hallucinations and affect your brain in thinking.

Schizophrenia - is a mental illness in which the person suffers from distorted

thinking, hallucinations and a reduced ability to feel normal emotions. This idea
supports that Schizophrenia is also a mental illness that can make you think hard
and often had a hallucination.
This chapter includes some related literature and studies of foreign and local
which are presented in the following paragraphs:

FOREIGN LITERATURE:
According to Gilbert (2007, p 5), depression has 4 different aspects of
functioning these are Motivation, Cognitive, Emotional, and Biological. This idea
supports that the depression had diagnostically different types but all are
associated with similar presenting experiences those aspects we can experience
having a loss of energy, loss of confidence, guilt, low self-esteem, sleep
disturbance, memory loss and many more. By having a depression, it says that it is
impossible to us to get recovered because we have many challenges that we need
face off.

According to one study in Dublin, Jane Collingwood (2018)conducted that

students may be vulnerable to depression, with rates at around 14%.The
background rate among the general population is thought to be around 8-
12%.but around 46.7% of U.S students aged 18-24 years have a severe
psychological problems. This idea supports that in U.S students, many of them
experiencing a depression. We can see that the number of students who had a
depression increased in recent years. They almost reached a half of percent of
students having a psychological problems.

As reported by Timothy J. Legg. (2019), Depression are the sadness, feeling

down, and having a loss of interest or pleasure in daily activities are familiar
feelings for all of us. But if they persist and affect our lives substantially, the issue
may be depression. In this case We can say that the depression is the main cause
of disability worldwide because of its bad effects in our body. All of us can
experience depression even if you are a student, an adult person, or a child. But
inside depression we can't expect that it has a good effect on us because
everyone knew about it.

As stated by Lawrence Robinson (2019), Having a Depression involves a

persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. However, doctors only consider
feelings of grief to be part pf depression if they persist. By this, it is a serious
problem or ongoing problem, not a passing one. It has an episode and during
those episodes the symptoms last for about at least 2 weeks. Depression can last
for several weeks, months, or years. If you have depression you can experience
from the mood fluctuations that people regularly experience as a part of your life
so it is not easy to have if. Some of people are confuse on how does it feel on
having depression. They do not know that it can ruin your life routine. So it is
important for us to know about depression because it has different ways to have
it.
 In line with Golberstain, E., & Helfner, J, L. (2007). Mental health can affect in
many areas of students' lives, reducing their quality if life, academic achievement,
physical health and satisfaction with the health experience and negatively
impacting relationships with friends and family members. The issues said by
Golberstain, E., & Helfner, J, L. (2007) can also have long term consequences for
students, affecting their communication with someone, future jobs and overall
health.
LOCAL LITERATURE:
For the studies of Jo Leah Flores (2018), The overall prevalence of depression
was 22.5%-86.4% respectively. As the result of that the depression associated
with older age and the anxiety and stress were associated with the younger age.
Although depression rates were fairly low among Filipinos in the study, anxiety
and stress are moderately high. So, for this study we can conclude that the
depression has increased and many of the people who have depression are the
students or people at their younger age.

This study was conceived within the context of increasing incidence of mental
health challenges and stated by Jerome Visperas Cleofas(2019). It conclude that
the school must be able to create a social environment in order to foster better
mental well-being and quality of life among the students. So With that facility/ies
the students even a junior high school can focus and we can relax our minds every
day we need to get relaxed. So in that case maybe it can decreased the number of
students who have depression that they bring on their daily lives.

Depression is a state which person feels very sad, hopeless and unimportant
and often is unable to live normal way. According to Bansal, Gayal and
Srivasta(2009) a lot of physicians did not believe that depressive disorders exist
we in the youth 40 years ago. Nowadays, the youth are very prone to depression
due to many factors that can affect their emotional, mental, psychological state of
mind in their everyday life especially being a student. Depression is indeed a
serious problem to everyone especially on students and having this can affect
your daily life.

According to World Health Organization-Philippines (2017), in the whole

Philippines alone, they stated that about 3.9 million people are living with
depression and about 3.07 million people are living with anxiety. They added that
depression is one of the most leading factor that makes one person to commit
suicide. They further explained that a serious national talk regarding depression in
which every Filipino is engaged is urgently needed. They also conducted that
depression is mental disorder that spread in a whole wide world. This idea
supports that there are many Filipino's are dealing with mental health issues and
this mental health issues can be the way to end their life in just a seconds.

This study stated by Ma. Joycelyn A. Go-monilla(2015), In this study

investigates the relationship between the personal problems or the depression in
the students. We have this stages in depression like the "borderline" to "extreme"
levels. But some of the people mostly the students can't determine of what stage
they've got in having a depression even if it is only a mild or for an extreme one
they need to recover for good.

A research study of Larson and Grayson (1999), in their study on gender

differences of depression, reported that the reasons for these differences remain
unclear, whereas gender differences in depressive disorders are well documented
in many studies. More specifically, a twin study in this area has shown that there
is no relationship between gender difference in depression and genetic risk, and
that factors are more likely to relate to environmental aspects, namely family
history, social support, economic situation and life events.
It says that all of us can experience different kinds of depression no matter what
your gender is, the important thing is If you are a person and you are over
thinking about your problems in life, you can have depression in your body and
mind. And also, it is normal to experience depression because we can’t avoid it
especially sometimes that we are overthinking about everything.
A study by (Heiligenstien & Guenther, 1996). That academic achievement
demonstrated considerably greater depressive symptoms compared to students
who indicated a high level of academic achievement. It also should be considered
that students’ depression is a serious risk to academic impairment, which
continues and is increased by depression during academic life. We, students have
different progress and characteristics when it comes to academics. Every students
should be treated fair not by their standards of understanding. Achievements
such as certificates and medals are not measurement of being a role model
student because the true character of role model students are having a good
behavior plus hard works of a students.
A study conducted by (Patchett, 2005), That poor academic success or
performance is one of the main causes of depression among students. However,
it is not easy to decide if depression is a consequence of a low level of academic
achievement or vice versa. It is obvious that during our academic life, we have
Obligations, Goals, And expectation for the future. If some students fail to achieve
their goals or responsibilities, they are at a high risk of suffering from depression
and other psychological and other mental problems.
The study by. Ma Joycelyn A. Go-monilla investigates the relationship
between the personal problems and depression among college students. Three
hundred ninety three (393) first year college students participated in the study.
They ranged in age from 16 to 17 years old. The sample purposively considered
students enrolled across programs: fine arts, business administration,
engineering, and arts and sciences. Descriptive analysis revealed that parents are
frequent source of problems for first year college students. Based on estimated
correlation, personal problems and depression are significantly related. Based on
the study conducted by Ma Joycelyn A. Go-monilla it says that in their study a lot
of first year college students in different programs participated in their study most
of them have a problem in their parents because their parents are most likely to
pressure their children on what are the decisions they will be making in future. It
makes them feel that they need to do it properly and perfectly and in that case it
will lead them to depression.
FOREIGN STUDIES:
A research study of Larson and Grayson (1999), in their study on gender
differences of depression, reported that the reasons for these differences remain
unclear, whereas gender differences in depressive disorders are well documented
in many studies. More specifically, a twin study in this area has shown that there
is no relationship between gender difference in depression and genetic risk, and
that factors are more likely to relate to environmental aspects, namely family
history, social support, economic situation and life events.
It says that all of us can experience different kinds of depression no matter what
your gender is, the important thing is If you are a person and you are over
thinking about your problems in life, you can have depression in your body and
mind. And also, it is normal to experience depression because we can’t avoid it
especially sometimes that we are overthinking about everything.

A study by (Heiligenstien & Guenther, 1996). That academic achievement

demonstrated considerably greater depressive symptoms compared to students
who indicated a high level of academic achievement. It also should be considered
that students’ depression is a serious risk to academic impairment, which
continues and is increased by depression during academic life. We, students have
different progress and characteristics when it comes to academics. Every students
should be treated fair not by their standards of understanding. Achievements
such as certificates and medals are not measurement of being a role model
student because the true character of role model students are having a good
behavior plus hard works of a students.

A study conducted by (Patchett, 2005), That poor academic success or

performance is one of the main causes of depression among students. However,
it is not easy to decide if depression is a consequence of a low level of academic
achievement or vice versa.
It is obvious that during our academic life, we have Obligations, Goals, And
expectation for the future. If some students fail to achieve their goals or
responsibilities, they are at a high risk of suffering from depression and other
psychological and other mental problems.

The study by. Ma Joycelyn A. Go-monilla investigates the relationship

between the personal problems and depression among college students. Three
hundred ninety three (393) first year college students participated in the study.
They ranged in age from 16 to 17 years old. The sample purposively considered
students enrolled across programs: fine arts, business administration,
engineering, and arts and sciences. Descriptive analysis revealed that parents are
frequent source of problems for first year college students. Based on estimated
correlation, personal problems and depression are significantly related.
Based on the study conducted by Ma Joycelyn A. Go-monilla it says that in their
study a lot of first year college students in different programs participated in their
study most of them have a problem in their parents because their parents are
most likely to pressure their children on what are the decisions they will be
making in future. It makes them feel that they need to do it properly and perfectly
and in that case it will lead them to depression.
LOCAL STUDIES:
In a study led by Dr. Jaime Alfonso Aherrera (2016) "from the UP-PGH, the
researchers surveyed 92 outpatients (with an average age of 33 years old)
through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Pilipino (HADS-P), a self-
administered Filipino survey questionnaire used in detecting anxiety and
depression. Results reveal that 61% of the group had shown signs of being
anxious and depressed post-hospitalization, all of which were diagnosed with
CHD. This is relatively higher than data recorded in foreign studies (34%) for the
same group". In this citation it is said here that they surveyed 92 outpatients
through the hospital a anxiety and depression scale. The result reveal that 61
percent of the 92 outpatients have experienced anxiety and having depression
after hospital discharge and all of which are diagnosed with chronic heart disease.
The results were higher than the data recorded in foreign study.

According to study of Sec. Ubial (2017) “depression must be acknowledged as

the quiet crawling and menacing killer, which debilitates and traps millions of
Filipinos daily in an invisible but merciless web of desperate existence ". In this
citation it is said that depression is quiet a killer because we don't know each
other’s feelings, we don’t know if a person is sad because a lot of people is good
with hiding their feelings and hiding their feelings is wrong and threatening
because as i said we don't know each other's feelings and we can’t guess if a
person is depressed just by looking at them and looking at the way they act
because we are all different of how we express our feelings. It is said too that
depression traps millions of Filipinos and leaves them desperate because having
depression affects our daily life and our daily routines in life it traps us and makes
us different and not easy to understand it leaves us desperate because we want it
to stop and we can't stop it because it is in our hearts and emotions.

According to the study of Tristan Yuvienco (2016) involving a sample size of

135 students, ages 16 to 24. They are predominantly students of the University of
the Philippines Diliman and Manila, with some coming from the University of
Santo Tomas, De La Salle University, Ateneo de Manila University and Far Eastern
University. According to his study 96 percent of the participants reported having
experienced an episode of moderately intense to very intense depression during
their stay in school. Academic work is the biggest factor that gave them
“depressed feelings,” followed by family issues and relationship problems. Tristan
Yuvienco interviewed 135 students ages 16 to 24 from different prestigious
universities in the Philippines and according to his survey 96 percent of the 135
students have experienced moderately intense to very intense depression in
school. The main cause of depression to the students in the survey is the
academic work because students nowadays are pressured because of too much
grade consciousness and competition. This effects on student's brain
development and how they cope with failure. And I think depression through
academics is led to students with low self-esteem and students with high
expectations. The other causes are family issues and relationship issues, these
two foci on emotions and it triggers the feelings more because it is more on
connection with people and the family you have.

Tristan Yuvienco's study (2016) also found that more than 50 percent of the
students who experienced depression felt lack of understanding from friends and
family. This finding, that most depressed students find no empathy from people
close to them, is an important observation. The lack of empathy aggravates
depression. And a depressed person’s need for empathy points to the kind of
treatment that can be effective. n this study of Tristan Yuvienco he also found
that more than 50 percent of the students are depressed because they feel like
no one and nobody understands what they are feeling. Because all they want is
the feeling of being understood. Society is blind on the effects and causes of
depression some people think that the feeling of being depressed is just a simple
feeling like being sad but they are wrong because depression is not a feeling that
you should be little, depression is not natural sadness but a feeling that we should
give attention and medication. The feeling of not being empathize and
understand by your family and friends when you feel down and sad is a common
cause and it triggers depression.

Dr. Cornelio Banaag's study (2015) The statistics on suicide are even more
alarming. A 2015 survey of Philippine high school students age 13 to 17 revealed
that nearly 17 percent had attempted suicide in the previous year, while 12
percent had thought about it. Most vulnerable are the postmillennial, says
Banaag, that generation of Filipinos born after 1994, the oldest of whom are just
on the threshold of adulthood". This citation focuses more on youths because
youths are easy to please and is very fragile. It says here that the most vulnerable
are the post millennials’ this generation depression is alarming. We’ve seen
youths cutting their wrist to numb the pain, crying all night just to make the pain
go away. Now we'll see that depression is very threatening in this generation and
youths triggers it more. Causes of this is too much social media, not being showy
and social disconnection.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers the research design, respondents of the study,
Population sampling technique, data gathering procedure and
instrumentation.

RESEARCH DESIGN:
The researcher used the descriptive research to which survey will be
used. This design used survey questionnaires which were distributed to
the students in grade 10 in order to get the main result of the study
which is to know on how many students in grade 10 had depression.
The survey or the research itself tried to describe, analyze and interpret
the status of the students. The design is a qualitative research.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLING

The data of this study came from Grade 10 students of section
Galileo of Las Pinas East National High School. Questionnaire we're
distributed on 35 students of Galileo to gather information’s about
having a depression. The population is a little large enough to handle
the survey. Majority of the students are experiencing depression with
the percentage of 39%.
ABSTRACT:
Panic disorder is a debilitating anxiety disorder characterized by
recurrent, unexpected panic attacks along with persistent fears of
experiencing further attacks, worry about the implications of the
attacks, and/or making a significant changes in behaviors associated
with the attacks (i.e., agoraphobic avoidance). Making matters worse,
panic disorder (PD) has historically been considered a chronic
condition, in part due to the lack of availability of effective treatments.
Depression has been identified as a silent disease that affects all
individual irrespective of his or her physical and biological health. The
condition openly affects more than 40% of the society.
Depression has become a worrying trend that does not only affect
the psychological wellbeing of an individual but also the physical
wellbeing of a person. It has often been idealized as a mental illness
Looking into questionnaires analyzed, the data collected it is quite clear
that there is need to look into the methods in which it can be
prevented as well as treated within the university setup as well as the
immediate society that is affected. The data was analyzed using
thematic analysis that helped establish the specific view of the
respondents without the researcher’s point of view.
https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jolte/article/viewFile/113173/102894
 CHAPTER 4: PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF
DATA

This chapter presents the gathered data in tabular presentation, analysis and
interpretation of findings based on the results of the statistics treatment applied.
The data are organized in sequential order based on the statement of problem in
chapter 1.

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS:

TABLE 1 shows the population profile and number of respondent students from
section 10-Galileo. Out of
CHAPTER 5: