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ITC is the crux of VAT based taxes. GST is an indirect tax based on vat principles. Vat based taxes
have two advantages –
The non-vat, conventional indirect taxes (for ex. State sales taxes in India) had two major draw
backs i.e. tax on tax (cascading) and double or multiple tax, apart from other draw backs. As the
GST is a vat based tax it uses the mechanism of ITC to overcome cascading and double or
multiple tax problem.
A taxable supplier is liable to pay tax on the value of his output supply at the prescribed rate
under GST.
There is generally a possibility that GST may already have been paid on input goods or input
services or both which have been used (in the form of component, ingredient, raw material
etc., including as capital goods) in providing the output supply of goods or services.
This happens because of the fact that the output supplier has procured the inputs from the
input supplier, who is subject to GST on his supply. [As the input of the output supplier is
output of the input supplier and when such input is a taxable good/service under GST the tax is
already paid by the input supplier and passed on to the output supplier]. If this tax paid on
input is not adjusted / deducted there will be double tax. Because the value of input is included
in the value of output. To avoid happening of such double tax the GST so paid on inputs is
treated as credit and given deduction from the tax payable on output by the output supplier.
Section 2 (62) of CGST Act defines input tax as under:
but does not include the tax paid under the composite levy.
The aspects mentioned above are well explained in the STANDARDISED PPT of ICAI. I hope
that will serve the purpose in our case. Please go through the material.
Numerical Illustration-1
From the following information compute net GST payable for the month of March 2019.
Solution:
• Input tax credit of IGST is to be used in the order of IGST, CGST and SGST.
• Credit of CGST can be used for payment of CGST and balance if any for IGST.
• SGST credit can be used for payment of SGST and balance if any for IGST.
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Adjustment of IGST
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NOTE: After using all the available credit SGST of Rs. 3000 is yet to be paid. This is to be paid
Illustration-2
X Ltd. Is located in West Bengal. GST liability for the month of August 2018 is as follows
Input tax credit is – CGST Rs. 7000, SGST Rs. 14000, and IGST Rs. 12000. Calculate the GST
liability for August 2018 and ITC to be carried forward.
Solution:
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