p.13.

Exoplanetary science and astrobiology spend quite a lot of time worrying about
how rocky planets evolve. In part this is in order to better understand how to interpret
data on very basic quantities like planetary mass and measured radii. It's also in order
to interpret measurements about atmospheric compositions that are only just starting
to become feasible to make. But perhaps more than anything else we'd like to know
how a world might support environments that in turn could support life akin to
terrestrial life.
Екзопланетарна наука та астробіологія проводять досить багато часу,
переживаючи про те, як розвиваються скелясті планети. Частково це робиться
для того, щоб краще зрозуміти, як інтерпретувати дані щодо таких самих
основних величин, як планетарна маса та вимірювані радіуси. Це також для
того, щоб розтлумачити вимірювання атмосферних речовин, які наука лише
почала вивчати. Але, можливо, більше всього ми хотіли б знати як світ може
підтримувати середовища, які, в свою чергу, можуть сприяти утворенню схоже
на земне життя.

Mysterious, Dusty Objects Are Swarming the Milky Way’s Core

p.24-25
1. The text under analysis touches upon the issue of astronomy. Hence, the type of
the text is the natural sciences.
2. The genre is recognizable due to the compositional form of the extract. It has
unemotional character, objectiveness, logical coherence and exactness. Its size is
short and the piece of the text is placed in a scientific journal and aims at discussing a
more particular issue than a dissertation. So due to this the exact genre of this text is
the scientific research article.
3. The topic of the text can be defined as exploration and discovery of new celestial
bodies in our galaxy and their interaction with black holes. The theme may be
confirmed by reading the first paragraph of the article. (…G2 was a bizarre hybrid.
The object might have been dismissed as a random astronomical oddity if it did not
also happen to be on a path that would bring it dangerously close to the supermassive
black hole parked at our galaxy’s center…)
4. The compositional form of the extract is determined by the text which is modified
by the written form of language. The title of the article directly states the field of
research (Mysterious, Dusty Objects Are Swarming the Milky Way’s Core). There are
no subtitles, but the text is divided into equal paragraphs, each dealing with separate
topics. The article starts with the introductory paragraphs which present the topic,
introduce key notions, state scientific facts (#1). The body paragraphs are more
arranges chronologically reviewing the issue under study: Astronomers expected that
black hole—called Sagittarius A*, or SgrA*—to shred G2 in the summer of 2014,
Such investigations are promising because stars and gas behave quite differently
when they approach a supermassive black hole, and G2’s close passage to SgrA* in
2014 could...). They are also connected with the main topic, hence ensuring logical
coherence of ideas discussed (#2 – about black holes, #3 – specific features of G1 and
G2). Each paragraph starts with the topic sentence.
5. Description as a compositional type of narration is static, as paragraphs went
chronologically with a lot of dates and numbers, and the topic stated in the title.
Argumentation is mixed. The author uses not only empirical knowledge, but
theoretical. (#4 theoretical; #7 – empirical).
6. 6.1. Lexical peculiarities of the text are determined by the communicative aim of
the scientific style which is to prove a hypothesis, to create new concepts and to
disclose relations between different phenomena. That is why the vocabulary tends to
be objective, precise, unemotional and devoid of any individuality. Bookish words
secure dry as a matter-of-fact atmosphere of the scientific style:
hybrid, enthralled, gas, dust, enigmatic, mechanism and etc.
Terms used in the text are of two kinds:
a) Specific for the field of astronomy: a bizarre hybrid, starlight, supermassive
black hole, a brief blaze of radiation, cosmic chimeras, Milky Way, G-objects.
b) General occurring in more than one field of science: nature, period, orbit,
volcano, a gas cloud, etc.
Though vocabulary in the scientific style bears its referential meaning, avoiding
direct expressiveness. However, quantitative expressiveness aims at laying some
logical stress on particular parts of the utterance with the help of:
a) Words expressing quantity in different degrees of comparison: cosmic
mechanism sculpted them is not rare—and might, in fact, soon be resolved; the
number of known G-objects to six.
b) Adverbs or intensifiers expressing degree: it is very important, but unlike those
first two objects, all of this looks very, very believable.
6.2. Syntax in the scientific style is characterized by typically bookish syntactic
structures:
The word order in the sentences is mainly direct. It secures logical objective
expression of ideas. #1 The object might have been dismissed as a random
astronomical oddity if it did not also happen to be on a path that would bring it
dangerously close to the supermassive black hole parked at our galaxy’s center. #2
Astronomers expected that black hole—called Sagittarius A*, or SgrA*—to shred G2
in the summer of 2014, causing a brief blaze of radiation as the ripped-up object fed
the black hole’s insatiable appetite.
But sometimes sentences start with a lengthy adverbial modifier which takes
logical stress of the utterance: At turns suspected of being compact, gassy clouds—or
dim stars cloaked by an obscuring shroud—the two objects remain deeply enigmatic.
Ultimately, Ciurlo flagged four dense, blobby new objects, dubbing them G3 through
G6 (although G3 and G6 had been independently detected by other groups).
The sentences are complete, extended and consisting of one or more clauses. Simple
sentences are usually long and extended (But in that chaotic environment, binary
stars are not just orbiting each other).
The majority of the sentences are complex structures, containing more than one
clause. Such sentences are rather informative: #13 Ciurlo says that the dusty
messiness surrounding a newly merged star could last for a few million years—
although she notes that not much is really known about that scenario.
There are 3 types of sentences in the text:
 Postulatory. They state the fact that is self-evident.
 “But then we kept on finding these very compact objects,” she says.
They were orbiting around the black hole as a star or planet would.
 Argumentative sentences. It is further elaboration of the postulate:
Instead he thinks such objects are more likely to be compact gas clouds,
perhaps created by a variety of phenomena. “I would be surprised if all of
those are of the same category,” he says.
 Formulative, summing ideas.
That means that unless these mergers are very long-lived, you immediately start
overproducing the number of stars which should be there.
But a dusty, denser star is tougher to slow down.
The syntax of the text is characterized by bookish syntactic constructions with
non-finite forms of the verb. The most productive piece under analysis is
prepositional gerund: although telescopes could see no signs of starlight seeping
out of its interior. In addition to indicating that G-objects…
6.3. One of the morphological peculiarities of the scientific text is prevalence of
nouns, noun phrases and their groups. A great part of nouns are bookish. (6.1)
The pronoun you in the introductory paragraph of each structural part is a certain
deviation from the norms of the scientific style. E.g. When you have just two of
something, it is all mysterious.
Adverbs in the text fulfill two main functions :
a) To secure logical unfolding of ideas: however, thus, as, then, while.
b) To intensify the meaning of utterances: mainly, nearly.
7. Regarding all mentioned above peculiarities of the text under analysis one can
state that it conforms to the norms of the scientific style. The objectivity and
precision of the text are achieved through its bookish vocabulary and syntactic
structures.
8. However, the text was going to devoid emotiveness, there are a couple of sentences
where pronoun “you” is a marker of a virtual dialogue by means of quantitative
expressiveness. Summing everything up, one can say that text mostly unemotive.