Chapter 3:

Coordination
and response
3.1 HOMEOSTASIS in living things

HOMEOSTASIS ??
To maintain the internal environment in the
body of an organism so that the body in a
balanced and stable condition

TEMPERATURE WATER pH BLOOD PRESURE

Allows all living processes in the body! work well
Suhu terlalu tinggi! sel dalam organisma akan
mati
TERMOSTAT in water heater to detect
temperate

Switch on ! if the temperature too low

Switch off ! if the temperature too
high
 HOMEOSTATIC CONTROL PROCESS
Control centre Corrective mechanism

Decreases
Increase

Normal temp. range Normal temp. range

Increase
Decrease
s

Control centre Corrective mechanism

Regulation of water

Detected by Corrective Mechanism

hormone!kidney!
brain

Decrease
Increases

More urine is produced

Normal water level

Increases
Decrease

Corrective Mechanism
hormone!kidney!
Detected by Decrease the production of
brain urine – feel thirsty
Regulation of body temperature
Corrective mechanism
Detected by -blood vessels dilate
-hairs lie flat
brain -increase sweating

Decrease
-skeletal muscles activities
Increases

& hormone secretion

reduce
-less urine
Normal temperature(37oC)
Corrective mechanism
-blood vessels constrict

Increases
-hairs stand erect
Decrease

-decrease sweating
-skeletal muscles
contract&relax actively –
shiver. Secrete hormone to
Detected by up metabolism
brain -more urine
HOMEOSTASIS in animals

They do not have

sweat glands. How
they maintain
homeostasis?
Lick their fur
to reduce
body
temperature
The fur stands Hang their tongue
erect when it out to reduce
is cold to trap body temperature
Cold surrounding
• Body activities
• Muscles function
• Movement
s… .
ti l e
• Metabolism rate
R ep
• Body temperature

Hot surrounding
• Body activities
• Muscles function
• Movement
• Metabolism rate
• Body temperature
• Loss a lot of water through evaporation on
! Produce fluid and looks for humid place
• Waxy skin layer
• Loss of water vapor! through spiracles
! Closes spiracles between two breathing movements to
reduce water loss
HOMEOSTASIS in plants

AFTERNOON EVENING
(Banana tree leaves roll up to
avoid excessive water loss)
 TRANSPIRATION
Water loss process(in the form of
water vapor) from plant to the
surrounding through the stoma
 During the day Temperature too high
Stoma opens! allow Stoma closes! reduce
more water to be water to be evaporated from
the leaves
Importance of homeostasis to human and living
things
• Prepared for optimum condition
• Maintains body balances
• Without homeostasis: