NERVOUS SYSTEM

Dr. EJLAL ELHUSSEIN

 NERVOUS SYSTEM
• Is the system which control the body functions
• Formed of nervous tissue, the structural unit is
the nervous cell which called (the neuron) and
the neuroglial cells.
 NEURON
 The primary cells that form the nervous
system are the neurons.
 parts of neuron:
Cell body with nucleus.
Dendrites
Axon
 GRAY AND WHITE MATTERS

 Gray matter:
Consists of cell bodies.
 White matter:
Consists of axons.
 NERVOUS SYSTEM
 Central nervous system:
Consists of:
 Brain.
 Spinal cord.
 Peripheral nervous system:
Consists of:
 peripheral(spinal and cranial)
nerves.
 Ganglia and nuclei.
 Autonomic nervous system.
BRAIN
 BRAIN
 It is the main controller organ.
Composed of:
1. Cerebrum( Right and Left cerebral
hemispheres and diencephalon)
2. Brain stem
3. cerebellum
 CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
2 right & left connected together by fibers of white matter
The outer part is the cortex ( grey matter)
Cerebral hemispheres •
 Parts of the brain…the cerebrum
The cortex is also divided into
4 lobes that correspond to the
overlying bones of the skull
the frontal lobe specializes in
motor activity, personality,
memory and motor speech;
the parietal lobe sensory
function, sensory language,
temperature are interpreted;

the temporal lobe contains centers for hearing; the occipital

lobe specializes in vision.
 BRAIN STEM

• Lies below the

hemispheres and
composed of three
parts:
1. Midbrain
2. Pons
3. Medulla oblongata
Continues down word
as spinal cord
Lies behind brain CEREBELLUM
stem, below the
hemispheres ,also
composed of 2
hemispheres
(cerebellar hemispheres)
 .Function of the cerebellum
• control the unconscious movement and
equilibrium.
 SPINAL CORD

 It runs within the vertebral column.

 Composed of :
Central gray matter : cell bodies forming
the central part
Peripheral white matter : form the
peripheral part.
Autonomic Nervous System
 Sympathetic:
In the spinal cord from T1 –L2 segments.
 Parasympathetic :
In the brainstem and sacral region of spinal cord.
 Sympathetic
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM SYMPATHETIC
Brain
• “ Fight or flight” Dilates pupil

response Stimulates salivation

Relaxes bronchi
Salivary
glands

• Increases heart rate Spinal

cord Lungs

and blood pressure Accelerates heartbeat

Heart
• Vasoconstriction to the Inhibits activity Stomach
blood vessels Pancreas
• Inhibits digestive Stimulates glucose Liver

functions Secretion of adrenaline,

nonadrenaline
Adrenal
gland
Kidney
Relaxes bladder

Sympathetic Stimulates ejaculation

ganglia in male
 Parasympathetic
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PARASYMPATHETIC
Brain
Contracts pupil
• “ Rest and digest ” Stimulates salivation

system Spinal
cord
Constricts bronchi

• Lowers heartbeat, Slows heartbeat

breathing rate Stimulates activity

• Stimulate
digestive Stimulates gallbladder

functions. Contracts bladder

Gallbladder

Stimulates erection
of sex organs
THANKS