SLUM REHABILITATION

Design Thesis
SYNOPSIS :
AIM :
Aim Is To Design A Slum Free City, provide them quality of life And Creating An
Income Regenerating Zone.

NEED FOR TOPIC:

▪ Due To Industries In Cities And
Due The Less Land So Many
Unauthorized Settlements Are
Happening And They Are Lack
Of Primary Facilities .

▪ For Better Standard Of Living

Condition Of Urban Poor
People In Cities And It
Leads To Slum Free Cities,
Makes Good Environment .

▪ To Reduce This Unhealthy

Environment , Drainage
Problem And Dangerous
Condition Of Slum.

OBJECTIVE :
To Provide The Requirements Like All Amenities Like Care centre, Schools , markets ,
community Hall , Etc.
The Service Like Water And Drainage Lines And Sanitation And More.
Creating Building With Green Interaction Spaces With Water Bodies
And Amenities
SCOPE :-
▪ Constructing Low Cost Buildings Using Local Material.
▪ Providing A Recreational Zones Like Parks And Interaction Space.

LIMITATIONS:-
▪ Limiting The Design - Zoning , building Details, Material Details ,
layout Of Water, Drainage Lines And Sanitation.
▪ Not Providing Detail Structural Drawings And Services Drawing.

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LITERATURE STUDY
Slum
DEFINITION :
/slʌm/
Slums Are A Physical And Spatial Sign Of Urban Poverty.
Individuals Living In Slums Have Next To Zero Access To Administrations,
For Example, Water, Sanitation, And Solid Waste Gathering.

WHAT IS SLUM?
Un-habitat Defines A Slum Household As A Group Of Individuals Living
Under The Same Roof In An Urban Area Who Lack One Or More Of The
Following:
•Durable Housing Of A Permanent Nature That Protects Against Extreme
Climate Conditions.
•Sufficient Living Space, Which Means Not More Than Three People
Sharing The Same Room.
•Easy Access To Safe Water In Sufficient Amounts At An Affordable Price.
•Access To Adequate Sanitation In The Form Of A Private Or Public Toilet
Shared By A Reasonable Number Of People.
•Security Of Tenure That Prevents Forced Evictions

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LITERATURE STUDY
INTRODUCTION :
Migration Often Results In Formation Of Pockets Of New
Communities At Concentrated Areas Of The Metropolis. An Area Which
Reflects The Commercial Fabric Of Metro Itself. But Ironically, These Are
The Pockets That Stand Most Neglected. This Resulting In The Outgrowth
Of Slums And Squatter Settlements With Substandard Living Conditions.

Due To Increasing Urbanization Of The General Populace, Slums

Became Common In The 18th To Late 20th Centuries In The United States
And Europe. Slums Are Still Predominantly Found In Urban Regions Of
Developing Countries, But Are Also Still Found In Developed Economies.
According To Un Habitat : Population Earth – 7.7 Billion.
33% Live In Slums.
Slums Are Found In Every Country Such As Egypt, Brazil, Vietnam,
Kenya, France, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Mexico, China, America Etc.

Population In India : 133.92 Crores

Population Of India Living In Slums : 64million
Population In Hyderabad : 11.5 Million
Population Of Hyderabad Living In Slums : 1.7millio
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BACKGROUND STUDIES
According To The Planning Commission Of India, 12th Plan, Compare To
Other Developing Countries Urbanization In India Has Occurred More
Slowly. As Per Census 2011, 377 Million Of The Population Live In Urban
Areas. In Cities, Rapid Growth And Employment Will Act As A Powerful
Magnet. The Growth Rate Of Population As Per Census 2011 Is 31.8%. In
India, Rapid Urbanization Poses An Unprecedented Managerial And Policy
Challenges But Still No Attention Is Given To It. With An Increment Of
Urban Population And Income, The Demand Of Basic Services Such As
Water, Transportation, Sewage Treatment, Low-income Housing Also
Increases. Some Indian Cities Have 2030 Master Plans Which Include Peak
Transportation Loads, Requirements For Low-income Affordable Housing
And Climate Change. Several Areas Like Urban Governance, Funding,
Planning, Capacity Building And Low-income Housing Should Be Properly
Managed To Manage The Urbanization Of India. The Poor And Lower
Income Group Must Be In The Mainstream In The Cities

The Proper Regulations Should Be There To Manage The

Densities And Discourage The Migration. The Sources Of Funding For
Indian Cities Are Monetizing Land Assets, Higher Collection Of Property
Taxes, User Charges That Reflect Costs, Debt And Public-private
Partnerships And Central Or State Government Funding. Schemes Of
Central Government Such As JNNURM And Rajiv Awas Yojana Are Also
There For Urban Poor.

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SNAPSHOT OF INDIAN SLUMS :

The 2011 census presented the first quantitative picture of
assets and amenities in informal housing units, which had until then been
undocumented. This data presents important information about social,
financial, and political attributes of slum blocks and of individual slum
households. This context will be helpful in understanding the needs of slum
households and the high levels of density in such areas.
The census estimates the number of slum blocks in the country
to be 110,000. While the number of households in each of these slum blocks
varies between 86,000 households in Dharavi5, to 1,300 households in
Nochikuppam Chennai6, the level of public services in these areas remain
visibly poor everywhere. There are several reasons for such low level of
services, including a low tax base of urban local bodies, poverty debt traps,
and a lack of informed voting.

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2. SLUMS IN INDIA: The United Nations Human Settlements Program

(UN-Habitat) defines a slum as “a place of residence lacking one or more of
the following: durable housing, sufficient living area, access to improved
water, access to sanitation, and secure tenure”. Although India’s economy is
the fastest growing with the GDP rate of 9.2% per annum and ranks third
amongst nation regarding PPP, it is still a poor country. A large proportion of
India’s population is still poor and live in slums due to a number of factors
including:
1. family poverty and a little education .
2. regional inequities and urbanization
3. Migration
4. a low-wage economy and unemployment
5. housing shortage Slums typically begin at the outskirts of a city.located on
least desirable public lands or lands with no clear land title. Over time, the
city may expand past the original slums, enclosing the slums inside the urban
perimeter. This makes the original slums valuable property, densely
populated with many conveniences attractive to the urban poor. Slum is also
a place where a lot of wealth is generated. Slum dwellers afford a lot of
modern day equipments for their daily life and it is possible only because of
their low cost living conditions in the slums (Bakshi, 2013

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EVOLUTION OF NATIONAL SCHEMES IN INDIA OVER

TIME :

▪ National Slum Development Programme (NSDP) : 1996

The 1996 slum upgradation initiative, National Slum Development Programme
(NSDP), started with the aim to upgrade 47,124 slums throughout India. It identified a
target slum in each city which it planned to develop as a “model” slum. In this scheme,
improvements in physical amenities - such as water supply, storm water drains,
community baths and latrines, wider paved lanes, sewers, streetlights, etc. - are
provided to the entire slum community.

▪ Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) :

BSUP was started as a part of larger scheme called JNNURM, a large scale urban
renewal program for urban India. BSUP aimed to provide basic services to urban
poor in 63 of the largest cities in India by population. While the original intent of
this program was to provide security of tenure at affordable prices and improved
housing, water supply, and sanitation, it ultimately became a housing construction
program subsidized and implemented by the government

▪ Housing for All:

In June 2015, the Cabinet of India approved the Housing for All scheme, with the goal
to provide housing to every Indian household by 2022. It plans to include 300 major
cities in India in its first two phases by 2019. After 2019, it plans to extend this scheme
to remaining cities in India. One of the major components of the program is to utilize
in-situ slum rehabilitation, through which the government has devised a strategy to
incentivize private developers to use land as a resource.

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▪ Four Main Components Of The Housing For All Policy :

• Slum rehabilitation will use land as a resource to involve private developers
• Public-Private Partnerships to create affordable housing.
• Affordable housing through the Credit Linked Interest Subsidy
• Beneficiary-led individual house construction or enhancement.

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MAJOR SCHEMES : BASIC FOCUS

Since independence, the schemes and programs launched by the
government in the field of slum improvement can be depicted as follows :
PROGRAMMES COMPONENTS FUNDING AND MODE OF
EXECUTING AGENCIES FINANCE
1. Central Sector

a) Basic Services i) Water Supply i)Central

i) Environmental ii) Sanitation Government, Grant
Improvement of ii) State Government
Urban Slums
ii) Urban Basic i) Water Supply i) Central
Services ii) Sanitation Government Grant-cum-loan
iii) Health ii) State Government
iv) Education iii)UNICEF

iii)Urban Community i) Water Supply i) Central

Development ii) Sanitation Government,
iii) Health ii) State Government Grant-cum-loan
iv) Education iii) Local Authority
v) Shelter iv) Overseas
vi) Employment Development
Organizations
iv) Special Schemes i) Water Supply i) Central
ii) Sanitation Government

b) Integrated i) Water Supply i) Central

Development of ii) Sanitation Government
Small and Medium iii) Shelter ii) State Government
Towns iv)industrial
Development
v)Commercial
Development

II. Outside Central

Sector
c) Low-Cost
Sanitation i) Sanitation
d) Shelter-Cum Basic
Services
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Continue …….

FORMATION OF SLUMS :

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