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Section 2

Structure and 888 • • • • •

Written Expression
Time: 25 minutes •
This section is designed to measure your ability to recognize language that is appropriate
for standard written English. There are two types of questions in this section, with special
1. By drawing the ship from various
angles, an illustrator can show ------­
an old ship was built.

(A) whatis
(B) whyis
5. ------- The Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn first appeared
in 1884.

(A)
(B)
Mark Twain's novel
If Mark Twain's novel
directions for each type. .
(C) whichever (C) Mark Twain's novel is
(D) how (D) There was Mark Twain's
Structure novel
2. In 1652 the Massachusetts Bay
Directions: Questions 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentence you will see Colony became - - . 6. A seismograph is any instrument
four words or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Choose the one word or phrase that used for recording tremors and
best completes the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question (A) the colony to make first coins vibrations in the earth, such as
and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. - - caused by earthquakes.
(B) the first colony to make coins
(C) coins to make first colony (A) their
Example I Sample Answer
(D) the first coins made in the
Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes - ­
®.@@ colony
(B) they
(C) them
they both emit hot liquids from below Earth's surface. (D) those
3. Wood, a diverse, variable material,
(A) despite - - the source' of about 90 percent
(B) because of the plant fiber used globally to 7. Some of tbe proctdures that
(C) in regard to
make paper. archaeologists use to analyze
samples - - prottdmes used in
CD) as a result of
medical1abontor:ies.
(A) being
The sentence should read, "Geysers have often been compared to volcanoes because they (B) it (A) to be aJike
both emit hot liquids from below Earth's surface." Therefore, you should choose (B). (C) as (B) are DO{ UIIlite
(D}is (C) sameas
Example II Sample Ans""er

During the early period of ocean navigation, ---­

®®@. 4. - - , KilaDeais oneoftbe world's (D) resembling
most active \'01canoes, having
any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques. erupted dozens of times since 1952. 8. The fimaion of dJe Supn:me Comt.
~ to dE UuiledSaRs
(A) so that hardly
(A) The big i.slaod of Hawaii's
COIJStitrrion. is - - kpI c:ases
(B) when there hardly was aDd dispDIcs.
(C) hardly was location
(D) there was hardly (B) Locates tbe big island of (A) 10 decide
Hawaii (B) tbal decide 10
The sentence should read, "During the early period of ocean navigation, there was (C) Located OIl tbe big island of
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techniques." Tberefore, you should (C) to be decided
Hawaii
choose (D). (D) decided 10
(D) On tbe big island of Hawaii's
Now begin work-on the questions. location

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9. The process of ------- food by 13. Researchers often investigate why
preventing microorganisms from a disease develops in only one of
mUltiplying. many -------.
(A) preservation by freezing (A) similarly exposed people
(B) freezing which preserves
(B) people are similarly exposed
(C) preserving freezing (C) people's similar exposure
(D) freezing preserves (D) similarity of people exposed
10. Sharks swim by sinuous movement 14. Not until 1891 - - opened in
of the whole body and, ------ swim New York.
bladder, they must swim constantly
to avoid sinldng.
(A) that the first advertising agency
(A) not have a (B) that was the first advertising
agency
(B) which having no
(C) was the first advertising agency
(C) that have not
(D) the first advertising agency that
(D) since they have no
Written Expression
Directions: In questions 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The
four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one
underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be correct Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to
the letter of the answer you have chosen.
EnmpleI Sample Answer
Guppies are sometimes call rainbow fish due to the
e®©®
A -B­
bright colors of the males.
C- D
The sentence should read, "Guppies are sometimes called rainbow fish due to the bright
colors of the males." Therefore, you should choose (A).
En·m plell Sample Answ,e r

11. In 1978 Janet Reno was appointed

15. --latitude of a point on Earth's
Serving several term in the United States Congress,
@ e @®
surface is related to its distance north -A- B
state attorney for Dade County, or south of the equator.
Florida, - - - she was then elected Shirley Chishobn became a respected political figure.

and subsequently reelected four -C- D

more times. (A) There is the

(B) It is the
(A) which post The sentence should read, "Serving several teons in the United SW:es ~ Shirley
(C) When the
Orisholm became a respected political figure_" Therefore, you sboo1d choose (B.).
(B) a post to which (D) The
(C) to a post which Now begin wad on the questions.
(D) which was a post

12. The Rio Grande is too shallow for

commercial navigation - - is
used to irrigate land in both the
United States and Mexico.

(A) neither
(B) but
(C) except
(D) while
,,'

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16. .A liter of lake water ~ contain the more than 500 million planktonic organisms. 24. ~ musical compositions of Ruth Crawford Seeger are angular, rhythmically
ABC D A B C
charged, and dissonant.

17. Hard and resistant to corrosion, bronze is traditionally used in bell casting and is the D

A B
material used widely most for metal sculpture. 25. The earliest miners in California sought eroded gold ~ the form of flakes, dusty, and
C D A B C D
nuggets.
18. The poet Gwendolyn Brooks beginning her professional career in 1941, and
A B
£I 1950 she had ~ the Pulitzer Prize. 26. Small waterfalls are often found in where streams flow over hanging valleys into ~
C D ABC D
main valley.
19. . A major hydroelectric powerfully producer, Hoover Dam backs up the Colorado River
A B
to form Lake Mead, the largest artificial lake in the United States. 27. The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1840's caused an wq:weu:dented IlUDlben
C D . A -B- --C­
of people from Ireland to immigrate ~ the United Stares.

20. The guitar is distinguished from other members of the lute family by his flat back, D

A B C
incurving sides, and flat peg disc with rear tuning ~. 28. Whether as diplomat, scientist, and pbilosopIIer. BcajmJin Hmtfi:n was destiDed
D A B
~ lasting Ixmoc tbrougboot much of the wodd.

21. The growth of predator populations often affect the growth of populations of the C D

A B C
animals on which they prey.
29. The United Stares is a giant in the production ~ UJIlSIIU IfbJo or fast food,
D
A B
goren that 200 bamburgen earen aU)' secood in the UuiIed SIacs.

22. Most of the cultivated flowers, vegetables, fruits, ~, and grasses in the C D

A B
United States today, along with 70 percent of the weeds, ~ came 30. Tr.msfusioo of plasma O£ whole blood increases the "DImne of ciaculaiD;t blood.
C A B
from abroad. raising blood ~ and ensuring adequaIe disniJ:I"joo of OXjgeuaaed blood
D C
~thebody.
23. The instruments required for celestial navigation includes a sextant for measuring D
A B C
the height, or altitude, of a body above the horizon.
D

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31. Nineteenth-century land$cape painter Thomas Cole sought to record accurately,
38. The Dust Bowl area of the central United States suffered from severe drought between
A
A
though also romantically, the forests, mountainous, and rivers ~ North America. 1934!£ 1937, and much of the soil there was picked up by the winds and blown away.
B C D B C D

32. By A.D. 1050, similar styles of pottery, architecture, and farming could
39. Somewhat similar to aluminum chemically, the metallic element gallium is slowly
A B
A B
been found in small pueblos throughout sections of what is now the
combines with oxygen in moist air until a protective film forms.
C D
C D
southwestern United States.

40. There has been a trend to regard cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence ~
A B
33. Photography disseminates information about hurnanityand nature, records coordinate sciences, each borrowing concepts !£ the othec.
A C D
the visible world, and extension human knowledge into areas the eye cannot
B C D
penetrate.
This is the end of Section 2­
H you finish before time is called, check your work on Section 2 only.
34. The eighteenth century witnessed the emergence of North American ports, particular

eee8eee
A B
Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, as major commercial centers within the British
C D
empire.

The supervisor will tell you when to begin work on Section 3.

35. Mortar is made from pure lime by mixing into it with ~ proportions of sand and
A B C D

water.

36. Babies have soft spots between the bones ~ their skulls, which ~ for
ABC D

further growth.

37. Carbon dioxide is used by green plants in making of their food and tissues by a
, .
ABC

process known as photosynthesis.

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