Physics 4A Winter 2019 Final Exam

Name:
Mar 26, 2019

Please show your work! Answers are not complete without clear reasoning. When asked
for an expression, you must give your answer in terms of the variables given in the question
and/or fundamental constants.
Answer as many questions as you can, in any order. Do not forget to include appropriate
units when giving a number as an answer. Calculators are allowed. Notes, books, and
internet-connectable devices are not allowed. If you detach any pages from the test, please
write your name on every detached page.

Constants
G = 6.67 × 10−11 N m2 kg−2
g = 9.8 m s−2

1
1. A ball is thrown in such a way that the horizontal range of the ball is R (landing at
the same height it is thrown from), and the ball reaches a maximum height R/8. In
terms of R and g, find

(a) the vertical and horizontal components of the initial velocity, [8 pts]
(b) the time interval during which the ball is in motion. [3 pts]
(c) Find the launch angle of the ball (give your answer to 3 significant figures). [3 pts]

2
2. A car makes a banked turn without the aid of friction on a road surface that makes an
angle θ (0 < θ < 90◦ ) with the horizontal. The driver of the car has a mass m.

(a) What is the normal force on the driver from the seat of the car? (Show your
logic!) [4 pts]
(b) Is the driver’s apparent weight greater or less than when he is driving with con-
stant velocity on a level road? Explain. [3 pts]
(c) If the driver of the car imagines he is in an inertial frame inside the car, what is
the magnitude of the fictitious force that acts on him in this frame? [5 pts]

3
ut friction remain balanced, the angle is small, so let’s assume the
cle. pogo stick is vertical. Also assume the boy does not
force con- bend his legs during the motion. (a) Calculate the total
3. A light spring suspended vertically stretches by an amount x when an object of m is
5 1.00 kg energy of the child–stick–Earth system, taking both
attached to its lower end. Now that mass is detached and the spring is set horizontally
ictionless, gravitational and elastic potential energies as zero for
as 0.
shown. The same xobject (mass m) slides to the right on a surface having a coefficient
The block x5 (b) Determine #. (c) Calculate the speed of the
of kinetic friction µ .
child at x 5 0. (d) Determine The object has aofspeed
the value x forofwhich
vi when it makes contact with the
uilibrium k
spring.
the kineticThe object
energy comes
of the to rest
system is aafter the spring
maximum. has been compressed a distance d.
(e) Cal-
rgy stored
Findthe
culate an expression for d in upward
child’s maximum terms ofspeed.
µk , vi , x, and g. [12 pts]
m equilib-
uilibrium. 62. A 1.00-kg object slides k
rough the W to the right on a sur- a m
the block face having a coeffi-
Why isn’t cient of kinetic friction
S
vi
 (b)? 0.250 (Fig. P8.62a).
b
The object has a speed
of vi 5 3.00 m/s when
it makes contact with d
S
a light spring (Fig. c vf ! 0
P8.62b) that has a force
constant of 50.0  N/m. S
v
The object comes to
rest after the spring d
has been compressed
a distance d (Fig. S
v!0
er Aristo- P8.62c). The object is e D
nto more then forced toward the
end of its left by the spring (Fig.
P8.62d) and continues Figure P8.62
motion; to move in that direc-
ed; and tion beyond the spring’s unstretched position. Finally,
power the object comes to rest a distance D to the left of the
al to Dt unstretched spring (Fig. P8.62e). Find (a) the distance of
ve w/2 compression d, (b) the speed v at the unstretched posi-
l Dt/2. tion when the object is moving to the left (Fig. P8.62d),
e given and (c) the distance D where the object comes to rest.

4
 W mass m 2 5 6.00 kg are connected by a massless string W and mass 1
over a pulley in the shape of a solid disk having radius The potter
R 5 0.250 m and mass M 5 10.0 kg. The fixed, wedge-
4. A block of mass m1 and a block of mass m2 are connected by a massless string over wet rag aga
a pulleyshaped ramp
in the shape of a makes
solid diskan angle
having of Ru and
radius 5 30.08
mass Mas shown
. The fixed, wedge- force of 70.
in Figure
shaped ramp P10.32.
makes an angle ofThe
θ (0 coefficient
< θ < 90◦ ) asof kinetic
shown. Thefriction
coefficientisof kinetic friction bet
0.360
friction is µk forfor both
both blocks. (a) Draw force diagrams of both
blocks.
blocks and of the pulley. Determine (b) the accelera-
(a) Draw force diagrams of both blocks and of the pulley. [5 pts] Section 10.6 Ca
tion of the two blocks and (c) the tensions in the string 38. Imagine th
(b) Find an expression for the acceleration of the two blocks. [9 pts]
on both sides of the pulley. cal axis th
M, R halfway be
m1
magnitude
body for th
m2 tities you m
u 39. A uniform
Q/C 0.870 m, an
tia for rota
Figure P10.32 unnecessar
33. A model airplane with mass 0.750 kg is tethered to the 40. Two balls
S rigid rod o
M ground by a wire so that it flies in a horizontal circle
30.0  m in radius. The airplane engine provides a net Figure P10
thrust of 0.800 N perpendicular to the tethering wire. (a) show th
(a) Find the torque the net thrust produces about the of inertia w
center of the circle. (b) Find the angular acceleration mass. (b) S
of the airplane. (c) Find the translational acceleration where m 5
of the airplane tangent to its flight path.
34. A disk having moment of inertia 100 kg ? m2 is free to
Q/C rotate without friction, starting from rest, about a fixed
axis through its center. A tangential force whose magni-
tude can range from F 5 0 to F 5 50.0 N can be applied
at any distance ranging from R 5 0 to R 5 3.00 m from
the axis of rotation. (a) Find a pair of values of F and R
that cause the disk to complete 2.00 rev in 10.0 s. (b) Is 41. Figure P10
your answer for part (a) a unique answer? How many is mounted
answers exist? walls of un
uniform th
35. The combination of an applied force and a friction
the rubber
force produces a constant total torque of 36.0 N ? m on
its momen
a wheel rotating about a fixed axis.
the page th
The applied force acts for 6.00 s.
During this time, the angular
speed of the wheel increases from
0 to 10.0 rad/s. The applied force
is then removed, and the wheel M R
5
comes to rest in 60.0 s. Find (a) the
moment of inertia of the wheel,
(b) the magnitude of the torque
 change of kinetic energy due to the collision. rotational energy of t
one astronaut shorte
52. A puck of mass m 5 50.0 g is attached to a taut cord pass- 5.00 m. (c) What is
5. A puck of mass m is attached to a taut cord passing through a small hole in a friction-
AMT ing through a small hole in a frictionless, horizontal the system? (d) Wha
less, horizontal surface.
M surface The
(Fig. puck isThe
P11.52). initially
puckorbiting withorbiting
is initially speed viwith
in a circle of radius
(e) What is the new
ri . The cord speed
is thenvslowly pulled from below, decreasing the radius of the circle to r.
i 5 1.50 m/s in a circle of radius ri 5 0.300 m. (f) How much chem
The cord is then slowly pulled from below, decreasing of the astronaut was c
(a) What is the puck’s speed when the radius is r? [4 pts]
the radius of the circle to r 5 0.100 m. (a) What is the the system when he s
(b) Find thepuck’s speed
tension at cord
in the the smaller radius?of(b)
as a function Find
r. [4 pts]the tension
56. Two astronauts (Fig.
(c) Find theinwork
the cord
doneatby thethe
smaller
hand radius.
in pulling(c) the
Howcord
muchso work is radius
that the S areof connected
the by a r
done by
puck’s motion the hand
changes frominrpulling
to r. [5the cord
pts] so that the radius
i
of the puck’s motion changes from 0.300 m to 0.100 m? mass. They are isolat
of mass at speeds v. T
calculate (a)  the ma
tum of the two-astron
ri energy of the system.
S
vi astronauts shortens t
m
(c) What is the new a
(d) What are the ast
the new rotational en
chemical potential en
was converted to m
when he shortened th
Figure P11.52 Problems 52 and 53.
57. Native people throu
53. A puck of mass m is attached to a taut cord passing Q/C used a bola to hunt f
S through a small hole in a frictionless, horizontal sur- S consist of three ston
face (Fig. P11.52). The puck is initially orbiting with of three light cords
speed vi in a circle of radius ri . The cord is then slowly ends of the cords ar
pulled from below, decreasing the radius of the circle hunter holds one ston
to r. (a) What is the puck’s speed when the radius is r? his head (Figure  P1
(b) Find the tension in the cord as a function of r. together in a horizon
(c) How much work is done by the hand in pulling the v 0. At a moment wh
cord so that the radius of the puck’s motion changes their velocity is direc
from ri to r? releases the stone in h
54. Why is the following situation impossible? A meteoroid strikes the air, the cords qu
the Earth directly on the equator. At the time it lands, with constant 120-d
it is traveling exactly vertical and downward. Due to the P11.57b). In the vert
impact, the time for the Earth to rotate once increases fall. Gravitational fo
by 0.5 s, so the day is 0.5 s longer, undetectable to layper- the junction of the
sons. After the impact, people on the Earth ignore the acceleration Sg . You m
extra half-second each day and life goes on as normal. you proceed to descr
(Assume the density of the Earth is uniform.) bola. In terms of m,
nitude of the mome
55. Two astronauts (Fig. P11.55), each having a mass of of release and, after
M 75.0  kg, are connected by a 10.0-m rope of negligible of the center of ma
mass. They are isolated in space, orbiting their center lar momentum of th
(d) Find the angular
of mass after it has s

CM

6d
 6. A monkey of mass m climbs a uniform ladder with mass M and length L, as shown. The
ladder rests against the (frictionless) wall and makes an angle of θ with the ground. The
floor below the the ladder has a coefficient of static friction µs . Find and expression for
the maximum distance d that the monkey can climb up the ladder without the ladder
slipping. [10 pts]

and makes an angle of u 5 60.08

with the ground. The upper and
lower ends of the ladder rest on
frictionless surfaces. The lower
end is connected to the wall by a
L
horizontal rope that is frayed and
can support a maximum tension
of only 80.0  N. (a)  Draw a force u Rope
diagram for the ladder. (b)  Find
the normal force exerted on the Figure P12.24
bottom of the ladder. (c) Find the
tension in the rope when the monkey is two-thirds of
the way up the ladder. (d) Find the maximum distance
d that the monkey can climb up the ladder before the
rope breaks. (e) If the horizontal surface were rough
and the rope were removed, how would your analysis
of the problem change? What other information would
you need to answer parts (c) and (d)?
5. A uniform plank of length 2.00 m and mass 30.0 kg is
supported by three ropes as indicated by the blue vec-
tors in Figure P12.25. Find the tension in each rope
when a 700-N person is d 5 0.500 m from the left end.

S
T2 S
T1
40.0!
S d
T3 2.00 m

Figure P12.25

ection 12.4 Elastic Properties of Solids

6. A steel wire of diameter 1 mm can support a tension
of 0.2 kN. A steel cable to support a tension 7of 20 kN
should have diameter of what order of magnitude?
7. An object of mass m and an object of mass 3m are place on an x-axis separated by
a distance r. A particle (with nonzero mass) is placed between them on the x-axis,
a distance x1 from the object of mass m, and experiences a gravitational interaction
with each object.

(a) At what value of x1 is the particle in equilibrium? [7 pts]

(b) Is this point a stable, unstable, or neutral equilibrium point, with respect to the
x-direction? Justify/explain your answer. [3 pts]

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—Extra Workspace—

9
—Extra Workspace—

10
 Equations
xf = xi + vi t + 12 at2 K = 12 mv 2 #» = m #»
p v
#» d p#»
vf = vi + at Ug = mgy F = dt
#»
τ#» = #»
v +v
vavg = i 2 f Us = 12 kx2 r ×F
#»
vf2 = vi2 + 2a∆x UG = − Gmr1 m2 L = #» r ×p #»
#» R #» #»
W = τ#» · d θ = F · d #» τ#» = ddtL
R
xf = xi + vavg t s
#» #» R #»
ω= 2π
T
P = τ#» · ω
#» = F · #»
v I = F(t) dt
#» R
v = rω Fx = − dU
dx
∆ L = τ#» dt
#» #»
at = rα L = Iω
#»
ac = v2 R = −b #»
v L = mvR
r
−bt/m
v(t) = vT (1 − e ) ωp = M g rCM
  Iω
mi
vf = vi + ve ln mf f k = µk n
R = 12 DρAv 2
Thrust = ve dm
dt g


fs,max = µs n
#» v(t) = vT tanh vT t
1
mi #» #»
F = −k #»
P
r CM = Mtot i ri x
I=
P
mi ri2 #»
i F G = − Gmr12m2 r̂
I 0 = ICM + M D2
pm
T = 2π
qk
L
T = 2π g

x = A cos(ωt + φ)

11
 Moments of Inertia
All objects listed here have mass M .
1
Thin rod, length L, axis through CM perpendicular to rod: I = 12
M L2
Solid sphere, radius R, axis through CM: I = 25 M R2
Cylinder or disc, radius R, axis through CM: I = 12 M R2
Thin ring, radius R, axis through CM: I = M R2

Trigonometric Identities
sin2 θ + cos2 θ = 1 π


sin − θ = cos θ
2
π


sin(2θ) = 2 sin(θ) cos(θ). cos − θ = sin θ
2
cos(2θ) = cos2 θ − sin2 θ sin θ + π2 = cos θ

cos θ + π2 = − sin θ


sin(α ± β) = sin α cos β ± cos α sin β
1
cos(α ± β) = cos α cos β ∓ sin α sin β sec θ := cos θ
cos α cos β = 21 [cos(α − β) + cos(α + β)] csc θ := 1
sin θ
sin α sin β = 21 [cos(α − β) − cos(α + β)] cot θ := 1
tan θ
1
sin α cos β = 2
[sin(α + β) + sin(α − β)]

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